seyyed nasrollah hosseini

Cervical cancer is a significant public health concern and has caused numerous unfortunate deaths. The Pap smear (PS) test is a widely-recognized and affordable screening technique used to detect cervical cancer at an early stage.

This study aimed to investigate the inequality in cervical cancer screening uptake.

This cross-sectional research was conducted on 774 married 30–37 women selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. They were living in Kermanshah City, Iran, in 2019. Their socioeconomic status was evaluated using the principal component analysis (PCA) and was shown by the index and curve of concentration of socioeconomic inequality in PS. The obtained data were analyzed using the chi-square, t-test, logistic regression, and compensation statistical tests.

The mean age of participants was 45.42±10.66 years. About 43.9% of women had education levels under a diploma. Also, 89.3% of women were married, and 58.1% had already done a PS test at least once. In addition, 26.5% of women had a regular PS test uptake. The concentration index for PS test uptake was 0.062 (P=0.115). Education level (OR=1.181, 95% CI; 1.022, 1.364, P=0.024) and a positive family history of cervical cancer (OR=3.591, 95% CI; 1.811, 7.120, P=0.001) had significant impacts on regular PS uptake.

A person’s level of education and family history of cervical cancer were the most critical factors for getting regular PS test uptake. Furthermore, the concentration index showed that the frequency of PS test uptake was slightly higher in the rich group. Focusing interventions on less educated and disadvantaged women may provide useful insights to promote PS test uptake, thereby reducing inequalities. Moreover, using fear appeal strategies to promote PS test uptake may be beneficial.

Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is influenced by lifestyle. The aim of this research was to determine the predictors of treatment adherence behaviors among T2DM based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT).

This descriptive-analytical research was done among 500 T2DM patients in Tehran during 2021. Simple random sampling was performed among patients based their medical records in the Diabetes Control Clinic of Tehran's District Five. The data collection tools were written questionnaire based on the SCT determinants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and analytical statistics (Pearson's correlation and linear regression) in SPSS software version 16.

The mean score of treatment adherence behaviors was 56.34 [SD: 10.41], ranged from 16 to 80. The outcome expectations, perceived self-efficacy, and social support accounted for 43% of the variation in the outcome measure of the treatment adherence behaviors. Self-efficacy was the strongest predictor (Beta = 0.430 and P<0.001). Increasing age (ß= -0.126 and P= 0.004), insulin treatment (ß= -0.250 and P<0.001) and smoking (ß= -0.146 and P= 0.001) conversely and having health insurance (ß= 0.181 and P<0.001) were positively predictive of treatment adherence behaviors.

The development, implementation and evaluation of educational interventions based on SCT with emphasis on promoting perceived self-efficacy can lead to useful findings in promoting treatment adherence behaviors among T2DM patients.

 Hepatitis B (HB) is one of the important common occupational diseases, and health care workers are one of the most at-risk groups. The current study aimed to investigate the best psycho-social predictors of HB preventive behaviors among nurses by using the theory of planned behavior (TPB).

 The current research was a cross-sectional study. An anonymous self-reported scale according to the TPB determinants was distributed among 330 nurses in Kermanshah, and 299 (90.6%) questionnaires were returned. Nurses were randomly selected among different teaching hospitals in Kermanshah in 2016. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using Pearson correlation, one-way analysis of variance, independent samples t test, and linear regression tests.

 The mean score for the HB preventive behaviors was 3.14±1.45 ranging from 1 to 5. The TPB determinants accounted for 21% of the variance in nurses’ HB preventive behaviors. Attitude and perceived behavior control (PBC) were the best determinants of performing HB preventive behaviors. Furthermore, higher education level, gender (female), and family history of HB were effective in the higher score of HB prevention behaviors (P<0.001).

 In developing programs and policies to prevent HB among nurses in Iran, attitude and PBC should be considered. These findings may guide HB interventions to improve the capacity to seek HB preventive behaviors.

Spiritual intelligence (SI) is a combination of many factors such as the capacity for transcendence, transcendental awareness, recognition of spiritual beings, and the use of spiritual resources to solve problems. This study aims to determine the SI of students in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS) and its relationship with demographic and educational factors.

This descriptive-analytical study that was conducted on 318 students of KUMS in Kermanshah, Iran in 2017 who were selected using a random sampling method. The data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 16.

The Mean±SD of SI was 102.53±22.53. The students obtained 70.7% of the maximum obtainable score for SI. In overall, 75 students (25.3%) had low SI, 213(72%) had moderate SI, and 8(2.7%) had high SI. Older age had a significant relationship with SI (P=0.033).

Most of students in KUMS have moderate SI. It can be improved by educational interventions.

Sleep quality and quantity disorders are among the most important problems in old age. Healthy sleep behaviors are among the best ways to deal with sleep disorders among the elderly. This study aimed to determine the socio-cognitive determinants predicting healthy sleep behaviors among the elderly who had been referred to the retirement centers in Hamadan, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was performed among 288 elderly people who had been referred to the retirement centers in Hamadan, Iran in 2020, and were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected online using a self-administered questionnaire with items on demographic characteristics and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) using Pearson correlation, independent t test, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression tests at the significance level of 0.05.

The mean (±standard deviation) age of respondents in this study was 67.2 (±6.3) years. Perceived behavior control (β=0.409), attitude (β=0.251), and subjective norms (β=0.205) were stronger predictors of healthy sleep behavior intention among the elderly, respectively; collectively, they accounted for 28.5% of the variation in sleep health behavior intention. Behavioral intention (β=0.429) and perceived behavioral control (β=0.167) were also predictors of healthy sleep behaviors among the elderly. There was a statistically significant relationship between the educational level and healthy sleep behaviors (P<0.05).

It seems that the development and implementation of educational programs based on the TPB for the improvement of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control can play an effective role in promoting healthy sleep behaviors and sleep quality among the elderly.

Motivation is defined as the development of an individual’s desire to succeed and participate in the activities in which success depends on personal effort and ability.

The present study aimed to evaluate the status of achievement motivation in university students.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 182 medical, dentistry, and pharmacology students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Iran in 2018. The participants were selected via simple random sampling with a probability appropriate to the selected sample size. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using chi-square and t-test at the significance level of 95%.

The mean age of the participants was 21.14 ± 1.68 years (age range: 19 - 25 years). The mean score of achievement motivation was 77.64 ± 7.35, which indicated that the participants obtained 66.93% of the maximum score. In addition, 89.5% and 10.5% of the students had moderate and favorable achievement motivation, respectively. Achievement motivation was significantly correlated with age (P = 0.031), male gender (P = 0.022), and maternal education level (P = 0.018).

According to the results, the achievement motivation of the majority of the KUMS students was moderate. Therefore, proper planning is required to improve the achievement motivation of these students.

Pediculosis is still recognized as a worldwide infestation and is a major public health concern. The aim of this study was to determine the cognitive determinants Predicting Pediculosis Preventive Behaviors (PPB) based on the Health Belief Model (HBM).

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 193 female high school students in the west of Iran, during 2019. The participants were selected by random sampling method. They filled out a self-administered questionnaire including the Background variables, PPB questionnaire, and HBM determinants. Data were analyzed by SPSS-22 software using Pearson correlation test and linear regression analysis.

The mean age of the students was 12.72 years [SD: 0.60], ranging from 12 to 14 years.  The mean score of PPB was 7.72 [SD: 2.23], ranging from 0 to 10. HBM determinants accounted for 20% of the variation in PPB.  The best predictors of PPB were perceived susceptibility (Beta: 0.303, P<0.001), perceived barriers (Beta: -0.217, P=0.004) and perceived self-efficacy (Beta: 0.158, P=0.040), respectively.

It seems that the development and implementation of health promotion programs to increase susceptibility toward the risk of pediculosis, improve self-efficacy toward performing PPB, and reduce the barriers in adopting PPB among the students. These results may be useful in preventing pediculosis

High blood pressure is one of the common main preventable risk factors for many diseases. This study aimed to psychometric properties of the cognitive determinants of hypertension self-management questionnaire among Iranian hypertensive patients based on the Intervention Mapping approach.

This psychometric study was conducted in Abadan in 2019. Content Validity Ratio and Content Validity Index of the questionnaire were calculated by ten hypertensive patients and 12 experts. Construct validity was investigated using Classical Item Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis by the participation of 315 hypertensive patients. The internal consistency was measured by using Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha of the various cognitive determinants of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16.

The mean age of patients was 57.53±11.30 years, ranging from 30 to 70 years. Five factors (attitude, outcome expectation, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and barriers) and behavior were confirmed. The Kaiser-Meyer Olkin test was generally satisfactory (calculated: 0.817). The factors explained 61.86% of the variance of the hypothesized model. Estimated reliability using alpha Cronbach coefficient for each cognitive determinants were as follows: attitude (α=0.75), outcome expectations (α=0.79), self-efficacy (α=0.80), subjective norms (α=0.85), barriers (α=0.88), behavior (α=0.82).

The application of the intervention mapping approach in questionnaire development offers a useful questionnaire to measurement self-management hypertension behaviors, and psychometric analysis shows that it could be useful for related planning programs.

In this study, post-mortem changes, including chemical, physical, microbial and sensorial changes, were performed in “Gatan” during ice storage. For this purpose, 18 fishes with Average weight 251.4 ± 4.24 g were transferred to the wet laboratory of Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, and in order to adapt to the laboratory conditions and to remove the stress caused by displacement, They were kept under favorable conditions for a week. Samples were catch immediately stored in ice for 72 hours, and meat quality indices were measured at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after death. The results showed that pH, TBA, FFA indices increased during storage period, TVBN initially decreased and then increased Microbiological studies also showed that the Cyrophile bacteria had no growth during the maintenance period. The amount of mesophilic bacteria at time zero was 2.53 ± 1.53 and then at 6, 12, and 24, it was descending process towards the zero hour. It then gradually increased and maintained at 1.72 ± 0.72 at the Seventy second hour of storage. Sensory evaluation of the fish showed that they had a suitable and acceptable condition for up to 24 hours after storage at the ice. During the maintenance period, the gradual decrease in acceptability was reduced and at 72 hours, most of the sensory analysis indexes obtained lower scores, and samples at that hour were the lowest quality during the maintenance period. Therefore, the use of ice to maintain long-term fish is not an appropriate method.

 Flourishing is a psychological construct that refers to the type of living together with permanent happiness in human functions. Individuals with high levels of flourishing are aware of their abilities, keen on progress, and considered beneficial community members.

 The present study aimed to determine the flourishing status and its association with academic achievement in the students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

 This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 295 students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The students were selected via simple random sampling with proportional probability to size. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation-coefficient at the significance of 95%.

 The mean age of the students was 22.92 ± 2.47 years (range: 18 - 30 years). The mean score of flourishing was 39.93 ± 8.73 (score range: 8 - 56), which indicated that the participants received 71.3% of the maximum score of flourishing. In addition, the score of flourishing was significantly higher in the female students compared to the males (P = 0.046) and had a positive, significant correlation with academic achievement (r = 0.197; P = 0.002).

 Considering the more favorable status of flourishing in the female students, it is recommended that educational programs be developed and implemented for the promotion of flourishing by focusing on male students.
 

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common lung problem in neonates born before 28 weeks of pregnancy. The current study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (NCPAP), as compared to humidified high flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) in the treatment of premature neonates with RDS.

This randomized control trial was conducted on 60 preterm neonates (gestation

There were no significant differences in primary and secondary outcomes, including pneumothorax, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), chronic lung disease, surfactant injection, tracheal intubation, death, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), days of delay in establishing full enteral feeds, duration of hospitalization, and the number of the days for oxygen requirement between NCPAP and HHFNC groups.

HHFNC and NCPAP techniques have the same efficacy in the treatment of RDS in neonates, and there was no difference between the two techniques in terms of treatment failure and clinical outcomes. Since HHFNC is less invasive with the same efficacy compared to CPAP, we recommend that it can be used as a primary modality in preterm neonates with RDS.

Intrauterine growth restriction is a multifaceted problem and is associated with a significant increase in the level of morbidity and perinatal mortality.According to some studies, failure of the placenta is responsible for the most cases of intrauterine growth restriction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the placentalpathologic changes in the intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) samples and compare them with normal cases.

A study population consisted of 60 intrauterine growth restriction neonates and 60 normalized neonates born at Tehran Imam Khomeini Hospital between June 2016 and July 2017. The placentawas weighed, immediately after delivery, and the umbilical cord was separated, then stored in 10% formalin and sent for pathological examination as soon as possible. Data collection was performed according to the following items: the pathologist's report,the results of the infants' examination, and the data in the neonatal cases.

The intrauterine growth restriction group showed a high frequency of placenta infarction (P < 0.001), inflammation of the villous (P < 0.001), villous fibrosis (P = 0.044), villous vascularization disorder (P = 0.001), prevalence of chorioamnionitis (P = 0.027), prevalence of Syncytiotrophoblastic knots (P < 0.001) and placental necrosis (P = 0.048) than normal group. However, the mean weight of the placenta (P < 0.001),the length and width of the macroscopic placenta changes was less (P < 0.001).

The results of the current study showed that a major part of the macroscopic and histological changes are detectable in the intrauterine growth restriction samples,which are considerably more common than normal, although they are not pathognomonic, but in the future, more accurate results can be obtained from more extensive studies.

Job involvement is one of the psychological constructs of organizational behavior and is considered as an important variable in organizational productivity. Understanding the status and the determinants affecting job involvement may enhance organizational efficiency.

The purpose of this study was to determine job involvement status of faculty members of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and its relationship with some professional variables.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed among 150 faculty members of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences who were selected by simple random sampling with probability proportional to the size of each faculty. Data were collected using Lodahl and Kejnar job involvement, demographic and professional characteristics questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS-16 software using descriptive and analytical tests such as independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation at significance level of 0.05.

Job involvement mean score was 65.11 ± 7.84, of which 81.25% was obtained from the maximum achievable score (high job involvement). Job involvement had a positive and significant correlation with age (r = 0.213) and job history (r = 0.170), but not with sex (P = 0.272, academic rank (P = 0.400), employment status (r = 902), and place of work (r = 0.141).

It is suggested that job involvement and promotion conditions be improved for young faculty members with patience and some bylaws be passed specific to working conditions of clinical faculty members.

Background Parental caregiver burden is an important priority in children's oncology researches. The present study aimed to determine care burden among parents of children with leukemia. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 209 parents of children with leukemia who referred to Dr. Mohammad Kermanshahi Hospital, Kermanshah city, in the West of Iran, in 2018. Parents were surveyed with the caregiver burden scale and baseline characteristics items based on interview. Pearson correlation, t-test, and ANOVA analysis at 95% significant level were used in data analysis with SPSS software version16.0. Results The mean of care burden score was 56.43+9.32 and ranged from 0 to 88. 10.7%, 79.7%, and 9.6% of parents had low, moderate and high care burden, respectively.The higher care burden score was associated with the lower age of parents (r= -0.255, P < 0.001), higher educational level (P=0.028), and better economic status (P=0.001). Conclusion Our findings indicated that most of the parents of children with leukemia had moderate-to-high levels of care burden. Thus, health care providers are expected to be more available to respond to their requests and pay more attention to planning educational programs.

Faculty members are one of the important elements of the education system, and their work quality is affected by their job satisfaction more than anything else. The objective of the present study was to determine the job satisfaction among the faculty members of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and its relationship with some professional variables.
This descriptive, analytical study was conducted among 150 faculty members of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The participants were selected using the simple random classification method with a probability proportional to the volume of each of the faculties. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 statistical software using Pearson correlation, two group independent t-test, and linear regression analysis.
The age domain of the faculty members was 26 to 60 years, with the mean age of 40.16 ± 8.12 years. The job history of the faculty members was in the range of 1 to 34 years, and its mean was 11.75 ± 9.53 years. The mean score for job satisfaction was 12.34 ± 2.32, and the participants achieved 82.2% of the maximum obtainable score for job satisfaction. Overall, the professional variables predicted 8% of the job satisfaction variance. Job history was the strongest factor for predicting job satisfaction.
Given the findings of the present study, it seems that more attention should be paid to the needs of the faculty members with shorter job history for designing interventions to promote job satisfaction.

BackgroundSkin cancer is the most common type of cancer, and its prevalence continues to increase. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence and psychological determinants of sunscreen use in order to prevent skin cancer among Iranian students based on the health belief model (HBM).
Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 550 high school students in Abadan city, Southern Iran, during 2017, which were randomly selected to participate voluntarily, in the Southern of Iran. Data collection was carried out using self-made questionnaire and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 software.
ResultsThe mean age of participants was 16.40 0.93 years, ranging from 15 to 19 years. Prevalence of using daily sunscreen was almost 15.5%. There was a significant relationship between using daily sunscreen with sex (female) and higher economic status (PConclusionWe found that girl students compare than boy students were more daily use of sunscreen. Furthermore, comprehensive sunscreen use promotion programs focus on psychological determinants such as perceived barrier, perceived benefits and cues to action may be usefulness of the results in order to promotion of sunscreen.

Academic self-efficacy defined as perception of ability to do the tasks necessary to achieve the educational goals. Students with higher academic self-efficacy have better educational adaptability and more beneficial learning strategies. The aim of this study was to determine the academic self-efficacy and its relationship with academic variables among Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences students.
This cross-sectional study conducted among 370 of student Kermanshah University of medical sciences in 2016. Students selected in random simple sampling with probability proportional to size, and data were collected by self-report with using academic self-efficacy of McElroy questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 using Pearson correlation, t-test and linear regression analyses.
The age range of the students was 18 to 29 and the mean was 22.99 ± 3.35 years. The mean of academic self-efficacy was 53.10±7.40. The student gained 75.8% of the maximum score of academic self-efficacy. Higher age, married, not living in dormitory and educational level (MD students) were significant predictors of higher level of academic self-efficacy.
The planning an effective intervention to promote self-academic, especially for undergraduate students are necessity.

Improving the learner's academic performance is the basis of their achievement and progress. Study habits are skills that increase motivation for study and learning in learners and bring about increased efficiency and effectiveness, thereby promoting learning. This study aimed to determine the status of study habits among students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences.
This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out among 300 students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Samples were selected using probability proportional to size method in each faculty. Data were collected by Palsane and Sharma Study Habits Inventory. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS.21 software using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient); P Study habits of 6.6%, 82.2% and 11.2% of students were found to be unfavorable, relatively favorable and favorable, respectively. Students with favorable study habits had a significantly higher GPA (P Our finding indicated only 11.2% of the students had favorable study habits. These results can be warning to educational policy makers in university; and should be the focus of special attention.

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric diseases that are not limited to a specific time and place and impact all groups in the society. Aim of this study explores the relationship between depression and academic self-efficacy, and achievement among college student in Kermanshah University of medical sciences. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 373 students, in the west of Iran. Samples classified with the appropriate assignment done and gathering information from standard questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory Test & Academic Selfefficacy Scale). The data were analyzed by the SPSS-21 using t-test and logistic regression statistical tests at 95% significant level. Based on beck depression inventory, 73.5%, 13.4%, 9.8%, and 3.3% of the respondents were normal, mild depression, moderate depression, and severe depression, respectively. Logistic regression showed; higher than 25 year and female students were the most influential predictors for depression. Academic achievement was significant correlation with academic self-efficacy (r=0.216), inversely and significantly associated with the depression (r=-0.469). Finally, academic self-efficacy, and depression were accounted for 24% of the variation in academic achievement (Adjusted R squared=0.24, F=49.270 & P

Patient education is an important nurse’s tasks and considered one of the standards of quality which play an important role in patients’ health promotion. This study amid to determine the predictors of behavioral intention to patient education among nurses based on theory of planned behavior.
this cross-sectional study was done among 300 nurses in Kermanshah educational hospitals affiliated to Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Participants simple were selected by cluster randomize sampling with probability proportional to size and data were collected by questionnaire in self-report. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; demographic and theory of planned behavior items regarding intention of patient education. The data were analyzed by SPSS-16 in using linear regression, chi square, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation 0.05 at a significance level.
Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control Determinants accounted 35% of the variance in patient education behavioral intention among nurses (R2=0.35); attitude was stronger predictor (ß=0.287). Behavioral intention correlated with subjective norms (r=0.470, p It seems attitude determinant have a greater impact on behavioral intention of patient education therefore suggestion to carry out related interventions, pay more attention to attitude determinant of patient education.

Studies have shown the high prevalence rate of behavioral disorders in primary school students, which can underlie many complications and problems for the students as well as their families.
The aim of this study was determined by prevalence and socio-demographic factors related with behavioral disorders among primary school students.
This is a cross-sectional study, which has been done among 350 primary school students in the city of Abadan, in the southwest of Iran. Samples have been selected based on simple random sampling among the teachers, and the Rutter behavioural disorder questionnaire (teacher form) was used for the data collection self-questionnaire. Data were analysed by SPSS version 21 using appropriate statistical tests including logistic regression at a 95% significant level.
Our findings indicated 15.8% of participants have behavioral disorders. Males, parents’ divorce, lower number of family members, as well as mothers’ educational level lower were the best predictive factors of behavioral disorders among participants.
Based on our finding, the prevalence of behavioral disorders was 15.8 %, it seems that designing and implementation of a behavioral disorders prevention program among primary school student is necessary.

Self-esteem and behavioral consequences, which are due to external or internal locus of control, are effective on academic achievement of students.
The aim of this study was to determine the prediction of locus of control and self-esteem in academic achievement among the students.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 college students in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Data collection tools were in three sections: demographic, Rotter internal-external locus of control scale and Coopersmith self-esteem inventory. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 21.
Results showed that 29.8% and 76.2% of the participants had internal locus of control, and high self-esteem, respectively. There was a significant correlation between self-esteem, locus of control and academic achievement of the students. Self-esteem accounted for 39.5% of the variation in academic achievement.
It seems that interventions to increase self-esteem among student can help improve academic achievement among them.

Fitness is a very important goal among young adults that may lead to eating disorders.
The aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing fitness intention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and its relationship to eating attitudes.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 231 female college students during the winter of 2012. Participants were randomly selected in proportion to their distribution among the different faculties at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. A structured questionnaire was applied for collecting data and data was analyzed by SPSS version 21 using a T-test, ANOVA, bivariate correlations, and linear regression at a 95% significant level.
Nearly 21.6% of the participants had abnormal eating attitudes. The TPB variables accounted for 40% of the variation in fitness intention. Bivariate correlations indicated a positive correlation between fitness intention and eating attitude (r = 0.417, P Based on our results, it seems that designing and implementing educational programs to reduce positive attitudes and encourage subjective norms toward fitness may be useful for preventing abnormal eating attitudes.

E-Learning could be increases efficiency of teaching process and higher quality of education. The aim of this study was to determine the factors related to eLearning intention based on the Adoption Technology Model (ATM). This cross-sectional study, conducted among 150 faculty members of Kermanshah University of medical science. Participants were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in study and filled out a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS-21 using appropriate statistical tests including t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and linear regression at 95% significant level. The ATM predictor variables, accounted for 46% of the variation in the outcome measure of the eLearning intention. Furthermore, eLearning intention have a correlation with attitude (r=0.464), perceived ease of use (r=0.353) and external variables (r=0.308). Based on our findings, it seems in designing intervention for encouraging faculty members to E- Learning teaching should be more attention to attitude, perceived ease of use, and external variables.

Shahid Motahari Annual Educational Festival aims to improve the quality of medical education in the Islamic Republic of Iran, and has held since 2008. The present study was performed to determine the satisfaction level of Iranian medical universities’ faculty members about holding Shahid Motahari Annual Educational Festival during the past six years, from 2008 to 2014. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 473 faculty members (FMs) including deputies and educational administrators, managers, and faculty members of medical education development centers, members of scientific committees, and faculty members who participated in Shahid Motahari Festival from 42 medical sciences universities in Iran. Data collection instruments were two reliable and valid questionnaires on the background and also participants’ satisfaction towards Shahid Motahari Educational Festival. Data were analyzed using SPSS Software, version 14. Among all participants, 30 FMs (6.3%) were educational deputies, 36 FMs (7.6%) managers of medical education development centers, 226 FMs (56.2%) members of scientific committees, 29 FMs (6.1%) members of the national committees, 343 FMs (27.5%) attendees, and 264 FMs (55.8%) had participated for retraining. The total satisfaction level of the participants was 73.3% which shows a good satisfaction level. The results identified the main important strength points such as “proposals’ review process at the country level” and weakness points such as “organizing the festival”.