seyyed reza mahdinejad

Foreign policy refers to a set of innovative or reactive measures of a country in the external environment and international conditions, the purpose of which is to realize the goals and national interests of the country in relation to other societies, governments and international institutions. The political system of Iraq was changed from a monarchy to a republic in 1958 through a coup, and the three currents of communism, Arab nationalists, and Baath, as the main and ruling currents in the country, were able to take control of affairs until 2003. The present article answers the question that what are the main issues of Iraq's foreign policy in the period after the fall of the kingdom until the fall of the Baath Party (1958-2003)? It is assumed that despite the existence of border problems, war with two neighboring countries, water crisis, but they are not the main issues of Iraq's foreign policy, and the findings of the research conducted with the descriptive-analytical method indicate that, the Palestinian crisis, oil cartels, convergence of Arabs and projects of unity with the country of Syria are issues that have been continuously at the top of the policies of the ruling currents. Understanding these issues can be considered as a strategy for the current ruling trend (Islamism trend) and be effective in the micro and macro policy making of Iraq's foreign policy.

The relationship between religion and civilization is one of the fundamental issues that, despite its great importance, has not been examined through a theoretical approach. The present paper seeks to deal with this issue from a theoretical point of view and to answer the question via a descriptive-analytical method that the type of attitude towards the relationship between religion and civilization and its extent is subject to which key variables. According to the findings of this study, two basic variables are involved in this direction. First, the type of attitude towards religion and its domain, and second, the type of definition of civilization and its aspects. On the one hand, the type of maximal or minimal approach in determining the domain of religion is directly effective in determining its relationship with civilization. On the other hand, the one-dimensional or two-dimensional definition in defining civilization plays a role in determining the type and extent of its relationship with religion. From the conflict of these attitudes with each other, three maximum, minimum and negative views about the relationship between religion and civilization are obtained, each of which analyzes this relationship from a different perspective.

The backwardness and decline of Islamic societies is one of the important issues that many Muslim thinkers have addressed and offered solutions to overcome it. Khair al-Din al-Tunisi is one of the political thinkers who, considering the progress of Muslims and the decline of Europeans in the past on the one hand, observing the decline of Islamic societies and the progress of Europeans in his time on the other hand, has presented relatively different views on this issue. Aqum al-Masalak fi Maarefa Ahwal al-Mamalak »has been reflected, but so far these views have not been properly examined. The question is what is the way out of Islamic societies from the state of civilizational decline in the thought of Khair al-Din Tunisia? The present paper has been organized based on the above book to obtain the Tunisian solution by descriptive method. Findings show that he considers the way out of backwardness of Islamic societies to return to the legacy of Islamic civilization, practice the rule of interaction and adaptation of civilization, the establishment of a political system based on justice, freedom and salinity.

The topic of the relationship between religion and civilization and the role of religion in the process of civilization-building is one of the most important issues in the field of civilization studies. This article is about what and how is the relationship between the religion of Islam and civilization in the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA). For this purpose, through a descriptive-analytical method, it has been attempted to answer the question of what is the relationship between Islam and civilization, from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini.
The results of this study indicate that Imam Khomeini, believing in the universality, maximum realm, and the social and worldly dimensions of Islam, regards it as a civilization-builder religion in which the real civilization, the highest level of civilization, can be found. In the past, Islam has demonstrated its ability to build civilization and the main reason for the decline of Islamic civilization is the alienation from religion and the way to revive it is also to return to Islam. The dynamics of religious thought is imperative for civilization-building. The formation of a religious state is an essential step in the materializing religion in the realm of the social life of Muslims and, consequently, in the realization of Islamic civilization, and the formation of the Islamic Ummah is an indispensable necessity for the achievement of universal Islamic civilization.