فهرست مطالب seyyedeh fātemeh emāmi

Today, the quality of services, especially in government organizations, has become an important issue in satisfying the stakeholders. On the other hand, home businesses are vital in advanced activities. The present study was conducted to measure the quality of services of the Gilan Province Agricultural Jihad Organization and its effect on the satisfaction of home business owners. The method of this research was practical in terms of purpose and field in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this research is all the people working in the home occupations of the Gilan Province Agricultural Jihad Organization in 1402. The sample size is 220 people, and the sampling method was simply random; the data collection tool was a standard questionnaire. Descriptive analysis of research data was conducted using SPSS26 software. SmartPLS3 software was used to investigate the research hypotheses using structural equation modeling using the partial least squares method. The results showed that the average variables of customer satisfaction and service quality and its dimensions, including physical (tangible) factors, reliability, responsiveness, reassurance, and empathy, are lower than average, according to the respondents. The results indicate that all aspects of the organization's service quality impact the service quality, and the organization's service quality has a positive and direct effect on customer satisfaction. Considering the effect of the organization's service quality on customer satisfaction, suggestions were made to improve the service quality level of the Gilan Province Agricultural Jihad Organization and also to improve the satisfaction of home business owners with the service quality of this organization.

The present study aims to plan land use - land allocation - to determine the optimal spaces to develop sustainable rural employment in East Guilan. in this research, the effective and affected variables are first identified, and their general perspective is drawn by compiling optimal maps with the help of future research methods. In the next step, based on the effective and affected variables, the most important descriptors of the research problem are identified, and three possible states are developed for each of the variables obtained from MICMAC software in the Scenario Wizard environment. Then, each state was ranked using the expert opinion, and the scenario was compiled. Based on this, three possible final states are obtained, including the most desirable, middle, and most undesirable. Finally, the status of effective variables in three states of future scenarios was examined and identified. The exploration of the three scenarios indicates that in the first scenario, homogenous employment compatible and incompatible with nature has attempted land allocation so that conflicts between different stakeholders are resolved, and natural resources are not harmed. By weighing and determining the competency, it is found that the second scenario, namely the environmentally friendly employment scenario, such as creating small conversion and complementary workshops, developing tourism and ecotourism jobs, and similar jobs, are more adaptable to the environment and have higher sustainability. In the third scenario, the employment situation and the extent of its damage to natural resources is worse than in the previous two scenarios. In this scenario, the threat of environmental degradation is higher, and with the expansion of jobs, the rate of erosion, damage to natural resources, and the change of use of farms will be evident

The purpose of this research is to identify business obstacles and challenges in rural and peri-urban areas and provide an optimal model. The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical method in nature

Data analysis was carried out using content analysis and open and Axial coding, in the Maxqda software.

The results of the research showed that the main small business obstacles are divided into four categories: financing factors and production inputs, cultural and social factors, skill training factors, and support and influential factors. the main obstacles include inflation and market fluctuations, high prices raw materials, insufficient financial support for farmers, low motivation for people to continue working due to existing problems and obstacles, weak sales market due to lack of proper advertising, weak demand and lack of appropriate training and advice for sales marketing, redundant administrative bureaucracy and insufficient supervision. It depends on the work process of the executive and administrative bodies and the long process of obtaining a permit from health.

 to facilitate the path of business development in the rural and peri-urban areas of this province, an integrated business ecosystem model is needed, which can remove the challenges and obstacles of workers and producers from the beginning on the path to the sale of the product and provide them with the necessary specialized training and advice.

The participatory issue of urban development plans goes back to the reform of the structure of the current planning system of the country and the implementation of sustainable urban management. The current structure of the planning system of Iran is not very participatory and needs to be changed, and create non-governmental institutions in the process of preparing, approving, and implementing urban development plans. This study aimed to explain the spatial structure of urban areas of Guilan province to create a landscape with a participation-based approach based on understanding the performance system and the city's role to investigate the difference or no difference in the landscape of cities in the province. The research method was qualitative. Relying on a combined participatory approach (top-down and bottom-up) and referring to the above documents, such as comprehensive urban plans, development plans, etc., general knowledge of the city was obtained. The studied geographical area is the three cities of Otāghvar in the east, Someh-Sara in the center, and Chubar in the west of the province, and the analysis unit was the citizens, managers, and urban elites. To better understand the urban space and adapt the findings of documentary studies to tangible facts, a survey study of the cities was performed; then, to create a landscape using the SWOT method, the most important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of each city were identified, and the most important strategies were identified and prioritized using the QSPM method. The results indicated that despite the significant distance among these three cities in three different geographical locations and each city's specific capabilities, there is no significant difference in terms of landscape and functional future among them. Because each of their functional nature and aspirations are generally centered around the service activities, especially tourism, in such a way that the perspective of the city of Otāghvar is "the eco-centric city of nature tourism," the city of Chubar is the city of Kiwi with an agriculture tourism approach, and the city of Someh-Sarā is a tourism-transit city with an alternative tourism approach." Extended Abstract Introduction Due to its geographical location and place on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea, Guilan province has formed a net of human settlements in which the spatial organization of its urban settlement system, concerning its population density and activities, requires continuous study, control, and monitoring.Field studies and the results of existing documentary reports show that, at present, the urban network of Guilan province is not as dynamic as it should be. The cities of this province are in economic, social, political, environmental, and physical isolation. The hierarchy of the urban system of this province has a lot of ruptures. This province, with 52 urban points, has only one urban point with a regional function (Rasht city with 43% of the province's urban population), which has increased the density of housing and activities in the center of the province with these interpretations. Therefore, if the urban network of Guilan province can be strengthened and suitable functional plans can be defined for small and medium-sized cities, it will undoubtedly reduce the burden of severe congestion in the center of the province. Also, the demand for housing and activity in the entire urban network would be more balanced. In the meantime, it seems that attention to the sustainable urban management system in the form of urban vision, strategic plans, and preparation of long-term, medium-term, and short-term plans with the presence of all citizens with appropriate executive guarantees in the form of participatory approach in Guilan province can guarantee the improvement and development of the urban network of this province. In this regard, the main question of this research can be posed in this way: what is the optimal perspective of the urban network spatial organization in the three regions of east, center, and west of Guilan province, and is there a difference between them in terms of future performance perspective?MethodologyThis study used the mixed method to formulate an urban landscape for 20 years. In this way, to know the totality of cities and understand their challenges and potentials, they referred to the upstream documents such as land management, comprehensive urban plans, development documents, etc. At this stage, after recognizing the totality of cities, adopting the findings of documentary studies with concrete facts, and better understanding the spatial organization of cities, a field study with a participatory approach was on the agenda of the study team. In this way, at first, out of a total of three cities surveyed, 1200 people, on average, 400 people from each city were selected as a sample, and citizens were surveyed in the form of face-to-face and online questionnaires about the city as a whole. Then, using the method of precipitation of thoughts by forming groups including city managers, urban elites, religious and political trustees, and all stakeholders of the urban management system and based on a non-random (targeted) sampling and available people (a total of 145 people) by forming working groups and specialized committees following the management structure of municipalities and the population of that city, the information of the studied cities is collected, coded and analyzed in Excel and SPSS, and after compiling the vision of cities by a collective agreement, i.e., all stakeholders. And the relevant people of the city, using the swot and qspm methods, strategies compatible with each city's vision were developed and then reviewed and exchanged views with the members of the working groups.Results and discussionTo create a vision for each city, first, the upstream documents were studied, then interviewed with the elites and experts in each city. Next, each city's main strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities were examined in three areas. Regarding the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in these three selected cities (Someh-Sarā, Otāghvar, and Chubar), which are each located at 3 points in the center, east, and west of the province, it should be acknowledged that in many of the issues due to their location in a similar climate and geographical area, they have commonalities, including the benefits of favorable living conditions due to the temperate climate, the physical stability of urban buildings and the relatively suitable coverage of city streets. Other factors such as adequate plants, a high share of housing gardens in the city, and the supply of various agricultural and livestock products in the city due to being within the sphere of influence of the surrounding villages are strengths in the cities of Otāghvar and Chubar.ConclusionIn this study, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were first examined to achieve an optimal perspective in each of these three cities. According to the findings, these three cities have a lot in common. Also, to achieve these perspectives, the strategies of each of these three cities have been prioritized. According to the results obtained in the city of Otāghvar, these strategies include supporting natural tourism, establishing accommodation centers and commercial and recreational complexes, providing facilities to citizens, providing welfare facilities for tourists in the field of ecotourism and health, redefining or modifying the intersection areas or squares for proper access of travelers to the city, etc. Regarding the strategies in the city of Chubar, we can include such things as attracting investors and benefiting from the existing potential of the city, explaining the plan and urban landscape according to the local architecture of the region, directing the expansion of the city towards the vertical development due to limitations of horizontal development, organizing, and improving the urban infrastructure, etc. Also, the strategies developed in the city of Someh-Sarā are: directing and smoothing the traffic load of the central city thoroughfares with the help of bypass axes and spaces around the city, improving inter-organizational coordination regarding traffic management, locating parking around the main axes, strengthening social capital to deal with social harm, developing regular educational programs aimed at promoting students' culture, using new methods of urban advertising in informing citizens, creating opportunities for social participation for citizens, supporting the non-governmental organizations in the field of cultural affairs and women, strengthening the sense of belonging of citizens by building urban elements, etc. Also, after these steps, studies were selected to accelerate the achievement of the desired perspective.FundingThere is no funding support.Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest.Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the persons for scientific consulting in this paper.

 Accordingly, it can be considered an important element with negative and positive effects. One form of tourism currently considered is community-based tourism, which significantly emphasizes the local community for tourism development. Th is study aims to investigate the factors affecting community-based rural tourism in Gilan province.

This is applied research in terms of purpose, it is quantitative in terms of approach, and it has been conducted with a sample including 770 people from rural people in Gilan province. Data collection tools include library studies, and field surveys have been carried out through observation and questionnaires. The statistical population consists of the villagers of Gilan province. Three hundred eighty-four people were selected using the Morgan table to determine the number of samples. Samples were increased in order to improve the level of reliability and reduce errors in the data, and 770 questionnaires were completed. According to the estimation, the reliability of the questionnaire was 0.921.

The path analysis model in SPSS software has also been used to analyze the indicators. The results suggest that economic benefits, organizational mechanism, product diversification, increasing investment, business motivation, environmental protection, reducing waste dissemination, innovative planning, evaluation and monitoring, social participation, social cohesion, social skills and knowledge, the sense of belonging to the place, tourist acceptance culture, poverty reduction, safety, government support, announcements, recreational tours, economic benefits, local market, local investment and profitability affect the development of community-based tourism in the case study area.

Land use planning in conditions of uncertainty requires the optimal allocation of land homogeneous, compatible, and incompatible with natural and human environments. The purpose of this study is to determine the range of rural and natural areas in the east of Guilan province to diversify sustainable rural employment. Geographical level of this research is the whole area of rural geography of East Gilan and the statistical population includes experts and implementers in the field of rural planning in Gilan province, among whom 83 people were interviewed in a purposeful manner. Sample volume adequacy was also considered based on repetition or saturation.For this purpose, first, using Mic Mac software, the most effective and impressible factors involved in rural employment were identified, and then, with the help of forming a balanced cross-matrix in Scenario Wizard software, possible scenarios for job creation were designed. In this study, the three scenarios of job creation consist of activities heterogeneous with the environment, activities consistent with the environment, and activities incompatible with the environment. In order to allocate land, first, the variables were weighted using the AHP method and then the competence zone for each strategy was obtained using the MCE method. Finally, in order to allocate land to each of these three strategies, using MOLA modeling techniques, the most suitable areas were identified by delimitation. The results showed that plains to the foothills areas have the highest potential for creating homogeneous and nature-related jobs , mountainous areas deserve to develop compatible jobs with nature and activities that are not compatible with nature can be developed as scattered spots throughout the area.

One of the most important plans of the government to organize the country's villages in the last two decades has been the rural conducting plan. It seems necessary to evaluate the consequences of the implementation of these plans in different dimensions in order to know the results and also to identify their strengths and weaknesses. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and analyze the level of satisfaction of villagers with the economic, social and physical performance of the implementation of the rural conducting plans in Divshal rural district. The research is descriptive and survey type. The statistical population of the study was 2671 rural households and the sample size according to Cochran's formula was 336. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient test, regression test and path analysis using Amos software. According to the research findings, the correlation coefficient was 0.708, according to which there is a direct and positive relationship between the implementation of the rural conducting plans and the realization of villagers' satisfaction with the rural environment. Based on the adjustment coefficient (0.63), more than 63% of the satisfaction indicators can be explained. The results of one-sample t-test showed that the performance of the rural conducting plans in different dimensions was higher than the theoretical median of the research objectives. According to the results of route analysis, the highest impact belongs to the variables of housing and environment and the least impact belongs to the variables of participation and employment in the non-agricultural sector. As a result, the physical dimension of the project implementation had the most and the social dimension had the least impact on the level of villagers' satisfaction with the implementation of the rural conducting plans.

The present research is applied in terms of research method and in terms of descriptive-analytical nature. In order to better investigate this study, security dimensions were divided into four dimensions: honor, financial, and social dimensions, and related relics were designed and developed in terms of Likert spectrum. Then, 20 indicators were used to measure the impact of the villagers' sense of security and analysis. Independent variable of research, physical design of the village and its dependent variable is the sense of security of the villagers. The method of collecting information was library (checking of book, article and internet resources) and field (questionnaire and direct observation and interview with household heads). One of these methods was used in each stage of research, as needed. . Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency) and inferential statistics (correlation coefficient, single sample T test and analysis of variance). The statistical population of the study is the villagers in the villages of Rasht city. In the studied area, there are 299 inhabited villages. The results of the research indicate that the indicators of physical characteristics in the sense of security of the villagers have been affected by the fact that the villagers did not have any issues such as proximity to highways or urban roads, proximity to factories, proximity to ruined monuments, and the location of houses on the margins of the village. Light enough, narrow alleys, deserted buildings, and ... are considered important factors in reducing security

Eliminate deprivation and rural development, one of the programs on the agenda is the implementation of the rural master plan to provide equitable facilities through physical transformation of the village, creating facilities it has been social-productive, providing public services and improving the housing of the villagers. The effects of conductor designs are limited to changes in physical texture and less attention is paid to the economic factor in its implementation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of pilot projects in the development of physical development and identification of living space from the perspective of residents. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical approach, which has been done with a sample of 250 people from rural areas in Rasht. Data collection tools in this study included: library studies to collect information related to research literature and then field research through observation and questionnaires. The statistical population of the study is the villagers living in the villages of Rasht city. In this study, the correlation method by Kiiging method has been used for physical identity. In other words, the data analysis method is based on spatial statistics. The results indicate that the pattern of spatial distribution of physical identity variables in the villages of Rasht city is linear (north-south), which means that the villages located in the south, center and north are in a more favorable situation.

Community-based tourism is a tool for preserving natural and cultural resources, developing local community through empowering people. In this study, the role of macro variables in the development of community-based rural tourism in Guilan province is investigated. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical approach, which has been done with a sample of 770 rural people in Gilan province. Data collection tools in this research include: library studies and field research through observation and questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is the villagers living in the villages of Gilan province. In order to increase the number of samples using Morgan table, 384 people were selected and in order to increase the level of reliability and reduce errors in the data, the number of samples was increased and 770 questionnaires were completed. According to the estimation, the reliability of the questionnaire was 0.921. Also, in order to analyze the indicators, the path analysis model in SPSS software has been used. According to the research results, four economic indicators 0.380, environmental 0.348, social 0.207 and managerial 0.178 have the greatest impact on the community-based tourism development index, respectively.

Rural growth and development, has a close relationship with the rural participatory, Because participatory increases the performance of economic, social and cultural plans, and the quality of decision making for the rural areas.

Goal: 

The target of this research, is to check the relationship between the participatory and the level of area development.

The research type, is practical development and the way of the attributive study, is analytical. The statistical society is the whole Saravan village rural households. We've selected 370 samples by the Morgan Table. To analyze the information of the area development conditions, 20 indexes in different social, economical and physical dimensions, have been selected. We've tested these indexes according to Morris Model. In addition, to test its relationship with the participatory, Croscal Valis Nonparametric in SPSS Software have been used.

Geographical area of research: 

The statistical population of the study is the whole rural household of Saravan rural district, which was selected using 370 Morgan table.

On the other hand, having a high population by itself can not be an indicator of development and greater participation of villagers in development-related matters; As in this study, villages such as Golsarak, Kacha and Moushanga, which have a smaller population than Imamzadeh Hashem village, but the residents of these villages have a higher rank in participation in the development of the village.

The results of the study indicate the relationship between these two variables. In fact, the highest participation is in the villages of Saravan, Ghazian, Golsark, Kacha, Moushanga, Imamzadeh Hashem and finally Jokulbandan, respectively.

In terms of practical purpose and nature, the present study is based on new methods of future science, research, analysis and exploration, which has been done by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative models. It is also a way of collecting documentary and library information. Qualitative data were prepared by open questionnaire and through interviews and review of documents and quantitative data used in this study numerically and by weighting Delphi questionnaires. Accordingly, in the first step, the influential indicators and components in this field were collected in different dimensions (economic, socio-cultural, environmental, spatial-physical, physical and historical-ancient). After collecting the data and identifying the initial variables within the Delphi model, 37 questionnaires were distributed exclusively between the executive elites of Gilan province and the academic (statistical population of the research), who had sufficient expertise and experience on tourism issues. According to the results of Mikmak's output, based on the quantitative results of experts, the physical physical condition in Gilan province is somewhat stable in Gilan province, and the current situation in the community-based physical system may not change in the near future. Finally, considering the high score of direct and indirect impact, the ten key key factors in the future of rural physical development of Gilan province can be considered as such, based on this, the existence of welfare factors, facilities, income, climate, antiquity and weaving the most. Direct impact and the presence of climate, markets, roughness, tourism, proper use have had the most indirect impact.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the development of socio-cultural, educational, economic, and health indicators in the cities of Guilan province separately and in combination. The research is applied research and its method is descriptive and analytical and the method of data collection is library studies. In order to rank the cities of Gilan province in terms of development of socio-cultural, educational, economic, and health indicators, from the TOPSIS and VICOR leveling model and to draw and prepare maps from the GIS Also, Kriging method has been used to determine the spatial distribution of cities and finally ANOVA test has been used to analyze the variance between two communities of Caspian littoral cities and other cities. The results showed that among the cities of Gilan province in terms of combined indicators, Bandar Anzali is the most developed city and Talesh city is in the lowest development rank. In terms of socio-cultural and educational indicators, Bandar Anzali is the most developed city and Talesh city is the most underdeveloped city. Also in the section of economic indicators, Bandar Anzali is the most developed and Rudsar is the most underdeveloped and finally in the section of health indicators, Lahijan is the most developed and Rezvanshahr is the least developed city of Gilan province in terms of access to health indicators.

Purpose: Place attachment is not just dependent on the place of birth and, as phenomenologists have acknowledged, "experience," is the most significant element of the perception of concepts and meaning of a place; accordingly, meaning in a place is directly related to the way of human perception and its related categories. The main objective of the present study is to investigate and analyze the spatial-geographic factors affecting place attachment of the Kurdish immigrants in Rudbar, Guilan province. Design/methodology/approach: This study is quantitative in terms of the nature of the research and is descriptive-analytical in terms of data analysis. Data collection was done using library and documentary as well as field and survey methods. The statistical population of the study consisted of the Kurdish villages of Guilan province in Rudbar with 12 villages and a total population of 2,955 people. Using Morgan's table, the number of samples was determined as 340 people. To increase the level of confidence and reduce the error in data, the number of samples was increased and 355 questionnaires were finally completed. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a number of professors in the geography department of Guilan University. Moreover, to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was run. The value of 0.874 was obtained for the coefficient.
Findings: The results of the study showed that there was a negative relationship between the location of the villages and the level of education and place attachment of the villagers in the way that the more the distance between the villages and districts, towns, and cities, the lower the sense of place attachment of the villagers would be. Based on the coefficient of determination (R2), 4.5% of the variance of place in the rural households under study was explained by these indicators. Also, with the increase in the education level of the villagers, place attachment is reduced. On the other hand, there was a direct and positive relationship between the duration of residence in the village and place attachment to the village, which means that people who had lived longer in the village had also more sense of place. The obtained results showed the effect of spatial-geographic factors on place attachment of rural households. Based on the coefficient of determination (R2), 99.1% of the variance of place attachment was explained by spatial, economic, and socio-political factors.
Research limitations/implications: A limitation of this study was the lack of easy access to the Kurdish villagers in the above-mentioned villages. Originality/value: By providing the ideal conditions for living in different spatial (geographical) dimensions, one can strengthen place attachment in the villagers and significantly reduce its harmful consequences. For instance, despite the great ethnic and cultural differences with the host society within a long period of residence, the immigrant Kurds in Rudbar have been able to have pleasant feelings towards their place of life and somehow attach to it due to the existence of certain desirable spatial, social, and economic features and potentials such as proper and safe physical environment, intergroup and intragroup interactions, as well as desirable areas for earning money and employment.

This study aimed at measuring the indicators of environmental sustainability in sub-district of Saravan of Rasht county of Iran. It was conducted in a survey method through a structural equation modeling, by using Lisrel software to provide a model of poverty. Some 351 households living in the studied rural areas were determined by using Morgan table, which was increased to 370 to get more accurate results. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the five factors including implementation of environmental projects in the village, participation and cooperation of all residents of the village as well as the environment-support local institutions and governmental organizations, the environmental beliefs, the necessary training on the consequences of destructive acts against the environment, and previous experience and knowledge of local environment in the village were effective in measuring environmental sustainability. In fact, the designed models for measuring environmental sustainability were confirmed according to the achieved data in this study.

At present paper study rice economic status and also two traditional and mechanize methods and their effects. This research independent variable is credit rate and dependent variable is economic effects (produce increasing, revenue increases, yield extra decreasing, and produce cost decreasing…). Operation method including traditional, mechanize and semi- mechanize is research mediatory variable. (Each person tendency to loan for rice planting evaluated). In this research has used descriptive- analytical method and to collect data has used questionnaire for 400 rural householders. To analyze data and research final model in the main hypothesis has used 3d crossing table model by using IBM SPSS statistics 20 SPSS. Research result indicate 95% reliability about this subject that as increases credit rate increases rice planting economic effects.

1. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between rural partnership and poverty condition with regard to different social, economic and political aspects in the rural district of Saravan, located in Rasht in Gilan province. Predictor variables in this sturdy include partnership, which has different social, political and physical service aspects, attitude towards partnership, and the approach to partnership while the criterion variable is poverty from social, economic and political aspects. This research is an applied-developmental one, and the study method is documentary and analytical. In order to gather data, a questionnaire was used. In an analytical method, each desired component is introduced according to the proposed theory. Accordingly, each component with multi-reagents identify the degree of partnership and its role in rural development; then, components of poverty in political, economic and social aspects and the relationship between the two variables of partnership and poverty is investigated using multiple regression model in SPSS software. The statistical population of the study is all rural households in Saravan. 370 samples were chosen using Morgan table. The results indicate that there is a relationship between the issue of poverty in different dimensions and levels of partnership. It means that as each unit increases in partnership, 649.0, 756.0, and 728.0 units reduce in social, economic, and political dimensions of poverty, respectively. In other words, by increasing each of the partnership indexes, the partnership approach and attitude towards partnership in social, political and economic dimensions of poverty is reduced.
2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: Partnership is multi-lateral and vague concept as conceptual development is; thus, there can be different commentaries about this issue. But generally, we can define partnership as a process of involving people in determining their fate and being responsible for it. Partnership refers to a group of attitudes, methods, and behaviors that enable people to check and discuss the fact of life and their life conditions. This helps them to plan and know what to do and to evaluate and observe its results. Saravan village, located in Sangar in Rasht, has seven villages. This study aims to check the development level of this area using Morris Model. It has been done using 20 indexes and a questionnaire which was distributed among rural families in this rural district. Its relationship with development will be checked. In fact, based on the aims of the study, the following hypothesis is presented: H: There is a relationship between partnership and development in Saravan Villages.
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between rural partnership and poverty condition with regard to different social, economic and political aspects in the rural district of Saravan, located in city of Rasht in Gilan province. Predictor variables in this sturdy include partnership that has different social, political and physical aspects, attitude towards partnership, and the approach to partnership while the criterion variable is poverty from social, economic and political aspects. This research is an applied-developmental one and the study method is documentary and analytical. In order to gather data, a questionnaire was used. In an analytical method, each desired component is introduced according to the proposed theory.
3. This study is an applied-developmental one and the method used is documentary and analytical. In order to gather data a questionnaire was used. The households living in rural areas of Saravan constitute the units for analysis in this research. Hence, our sample includes all of rural households of Saravan. According to 2011 census, there are seven villages and 4283 households in this region. To analyze the data, the SPSS Software was used, to determine the number of headmen in each household, the Morgan Table was used that eventually, at first, 351 questionnaires, and then in order to get better results 370 questionnaires were used to determine the number of headmen
4. The results showed that the stability, effectiveness, and coverage of participatory projects targeting rural poverty is more than a top-down project and that projects aimed at reducing rural poverty gradually get away from the firm's non-cooperative; even if in appearance or in early steps go faster than collaborative projects. Show and take steps to develop the area. Political and economic life in rural poverty reduction stems and approved the screw.
5. In fact, with increased participation of villagers in the district can be of educational facilities and proper extension, good schools, good teachers, good health care for rural health. Projects could also participate in the waste separation at home to improve your village and be diligent environmental health. Also, with increasing political participation in villages of the district poverty reduction stems. In fact, this poverty to factors such as increased security due to the police station, a high level of security, lack of conflict with neighbors, would like to participate in elections and participate in determining their own destiny, and so it comes down.