فهرست مطالب sh. araghinejad

In determining the allocation of water resources, the probable conditions of water resources and water demands are considered as the water allocation scenarios in the basin scale. Then, these scenarios are evaluated in the context of integrated water resources management and from the perspective of sustainable development indicators. The best scenario is selected in order to determine the water allocations. In these evaluations, there are spatial distributions and their interactions are simultaneously the key charaterictics in the decision matrix. These features are not often considered in the evaluation process. In the present study, distributed indicators and simple and integrated multi-criteria evaluation models, including ANP and CP methods, were used to evaluate the water allocation scenarios in the Aras Basin. The results showed that modeling of the spatial distribution and interactions of water allocation impacts was not possible through any of the simple multi-criteria evaluation methods. Simplifying and discarding one or two key features in the evaluation process can lead to significant uncertainties on rankings with a Spearman coefficient of -0.1. By implementing the integrated spatial decision-making approach and applying two features simultaneously, the fourth scenario was ranked first. The proposed approach was compared with the individual models, showing more accurate, with the correlation coefficients of 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7.

Human activities and changing in land-use can affect geo-hydrological processes. This paper investigates historical land-use changes over Golestan multilayer aquifer, Northern IRAN, and their impacts on recharges of both phreatic and confined layers. To achieve this goal, three historical land-use maps of 1984, 2005 and 2013 were used. Also the effects of land-use changes on runoff generation potential and groundwater direct recharge have been evaluated using SCS method. Results show deforestation in mountainous region and urbanization in the plain are the most critical problems of the studied area. Forest and rangeland areas in the mountainous district decreased 8.7 and 4 percent, respectively, and totally added to agricultural lands. Effect of land-use changes on groundwater recharge was found to be more than runoff generation and confined layer is more impressed. In recent 30 years, land use changes caused reduction in natural recharge of confined and phreatic layers up to 18.12 and 12.40 percent, respectively. On the other hand, runoff generation potential increased by 14.14 and 4.23 percent, respectively.

The current research was conducted، to evaluate groundwater quantity and quality in two aquifers of Saveh and Arak plains، IRAN. Geographic information system software، (version 9. 2) was used for studies of spatially and temporally changes in the groundwater level fluctuations and their quality analysis. Results showed that the average drop of groundwater levels during 7 years in 57 wells at Arak plain was 3. 38 and in 63 wells at Saveh plain was 10. 19 meters. Annual average drop in groundwater level at the same area before construction of Saveh reservoir dam (1987-1994) was 0. 98 meters، which increased to 1. 47 meters after the reser voir construction (1995-2008). According to Wilcox method، several water qualities were recognized in both regions. In Saveh plain four classes of C4-S2، C4-S1، C3-S1 and C2-S1 made up، respectively، 16، 46، 30 and 16 percent of the ground water in the rogion. The C4-S1، C3-S1 and C2-S1 classes made up، respectively، 42، 56 and 2 percent of the whole ground water in the area. Regarding to the effects of wet and dry seasons، it was found that the water quality during wet seasons specially in deeper wells became better than during dry seasons.

In this study, the effects of different quality and quantity levels of irrigation water on crop yield, soil water and solute transport were simulated using SWAP model. Field experiments were conducted for the six main crops of the region such as wheat, barley, onion, sunflower and sugar beet at Rudasht drainage and soil reclamation research station. The effects of water salinity under different irrigation managements on crop yield, crop yield components and soil salinity were investigated. The SWAP model was calibrated by inverse modeling and was linked with the PEST model. The model calibration consisted of hydraulic parameters of soil layers as well as solute transport and crop parameters. In order to evaluate modeling validity, statistical indices such as coefficient of determination, root mean square error, modeling efficiency and coefficient of residual mass were calculated. Result of the model analysis showed that with precise calibration, SWAP model is able to predict soil water and solute transport and crop yield with high degree of accuracy. To determine crop-water-salinity production functions, SWAP model was linked to the SENSAN model, then by changing irrigation water depth and salinity values, the model was executed. In order to determine optimal production function for each crop, six functions including linear, cobb douglas, transcendental, translog, quadratic and the Leontief were examined and the pertinent parameters were determined with ordinary least square method using SHAZAM model. Based on statistical indices the optimal production function for wheat, barely, sugar beet, onion and cotton were adjusted Leontief and for sunflower was quadratic.