shabani

To identify factors affecting the use of query suggestions in information search tools and proposing a model.

The factors were identified through the review of the literature, based on which a self-interaction questionnaire was designed and circulated among 10 experts to determine relationships between the factors.

Among the 13 factors identified through the review of the literature, demographic characteristics, search experience, domain knowledge and expertise, linguistic features, user's query, creativity, psychological and cognitional, the source of creation of query suggestions, contextual factors, semantic features of query suggestions, and structural characteristics of the query suggestions could increase the ease of use and improve the userperformance. The model presented “the source of generation of the query suggestion" was identified as the most influential factor.

Findings of this study could use when examining the performance, as well as in the design of query suggestion systems.

Shortage of irrigation water is a major problem constraining in agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. Deficit irrigation is one way to cope with water scarcity and increase water use efficiency. Determining the optimum applied water based on economic analysis is a major key to the deficit irrigation strategy. In this study, the required equations were derived to determine the optimum applied water for sugar beet when crop price is a function of the applied water. The results showed that the optimum applied water under land limiting conditions (144.98 cm) resulted in the maximum net benefit per unit area (2089741 Rials ha-1). Applying the optimum water depth under land limiting resulted in 17.48% decrease in the applied water and 15.05% increase in the total net benefit, in comparison with the maximum yield condition. In water limiting conditions (land is not limiting), the total net benefit was maximized by applying the saved water to put larger areas of land under irrigation. Applying the optimum water depth under water limit condition resulted in 31.2% decrease in applied water and 45 and 52.36% increase in the planting area and the total net benefit, in comparison with the maximum yield condition, respectively. Sugar beet planting can be, therefore, profitable if the applied water depth is greater than 67.53 cm in this study area.

Soil water retention curve (SWRC) reflects different states of soil moisture and describes quantitative characteristics of the unsaturated parts of the soil. Direct measurement of SWRC is time-consuming, difficult and costly. Therefore, many indirect attempts have been made to estimate SWRC from other soil properties. Using pedotransfer functions is one of the indirect methods for estimating SWRC. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of using soil particles percentage in comparison with the geometric characteristics of soil particles on the accuracy of the pedotransfer equations of SWRC and the critical point of it. Accordingly, 54 soil samples of Isfahan province from seven texture classes were used. The most suitable functions for estimating SWRC, parameters of van Genuchten and Brooks-Corey equations, and the critical point of SWRC were selected based on statistical indices. The results indicated that the pedotransfer equations fitted the SWRC data well and the outputs from them were in a good agreement with the independent (validation) SWRC data. The results revealed that using soil particles percentage (sand and clay), bulk density and organic matter content in the point estimation of SWRC was better than applying geometric properties of the soil particle diameter. On the other hand, in the estimation of parametric and critical point of SWRC, using the geometric properties of soil particle diameters resulted in more satisfactory results, as compared with using the soil particles percentage. The NRMSE values indicated that the accuracy of the pedotransfer equations in the lower matric head was greater than that of the higher matric head.

New bacteria that was provided from contaminated soils surrounding the coal, aluminum, salt mines and wetland separated, synthesized and characterized. The achievements show that this soils and waters have five disposed bacteria consist of Microbacterium SP, Micrococcaceae Bacterium, Planomicrobium SP, Brevndimonas Aurantiaca and Halomonas SP. Secondly, the result of the potential of removal activity study of new bacteria, with respect to basic blue 41 and disperse red 177 dyes are presented. So, in the batch system the influence of pH, bacteria dosage, temperature, dyes initial concentration and time was investigated. Finally, the study of removal mechanism show that the biodegradation is the governing mechanism. So, we can confirmed that these natural and locally available bacteria showed a great efficiency for the removal of dyes from the aqueous solution without any unsafe by-product, also can be utilized for other water pollutants.

Wheat bacterial blight disease caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringe pv. syringae (Pss) is one of the important diseases of wheat in the world. The expanding the diseases resistance to chemical compounds has led to the researches into the new antimicrobial agents finding.  Studies have shown that plant essential oils induce biological activity against plant pathogenic bacteria and can be used as an environment friendly and safe way to control the disease. These compounds have the least harm to the ecosystem and can be used as an alternative to toxic compounds for controlling plant diseases. This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Rosmarinus officinalis, Mentha spicata and Thymus daenensis, against Pss on wheat cultivars Pishtaz, Sirvan and Chamran under greenhouse conditions. In this study, all essential oil treatments significantly reduced the severity of wheat bacterial blight, especially on Pishtaz cultivar, and the percentage of necrotic area on the leaf 30 days after bacterial inoculation. The highest reduction in the severity of the disease was obtained by Mentha spicata and Thymus daenensi essential oils. The findings of the present study suggest that essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis, Mentha spicata and Thymus daenensis are capable to be used as antimicrobial agents.

To identifying and determining the attributes of the Iranian-Islamic information contexts' manuscripts from the point of information and knowledge organization. The research was considered as a developmental-applied research that done content analysis method. The attributes (data) of Iranian-Islamic information context's manuscripts were extracted by using the Delphi technique and Documentation method. 14 experts in the field of manuscripts studies, and information and knowledge organization were selected by targeted sampling. A questionnaire was also used to identifying the attributes of the Iranian-Islamic information context's manuscript. To description and organization of the Iranian-Islamic information context's manuscript are needed 19 main attributes and 224 sub-attributes. The main attributes are: title, author, type of manuscript, originality, classification, identifier, holdings, access condition, custody, content structure, transcription, subject, correction, rights, language, related objects, Certificates of transmission (Ijāzah), Physical description, and Note. The results of this research can be used to create a useful metadata application profile for describing and organizing of Iranian-Islamic information context's manuscript, especially in the electronic environment. For researchers provides appropriate access points to improve accessibility to these valuable resources, which will lead to the development of manuscriptology and the increase of relevant scientific outputs.

The present paper tends to analyze the pore structure of Organic rich carbonaceous rock in 4 samples from Upper Jurassic Sargelu and 5 samples from Lower Cretaceous Garau formation using low pressure nitrogen adsorption. TOC content of Garau samples ranged between 0.64 wt% and 5.21 wt% (mean 3.2 wt%).TOC varied between 0.12 and 10.94 for Sargelu samples. XRD results shows that carbonates are the dominant minerals, followed by quartz and clay minerals. The calculated total pore volume vary between 0.6 cm3/100g to 2.5 cm3/100g with the mean values of 1.4 cm3/100g. A positive linear correlation were found between TOC content of measured samples with pore structure parameters. Due to the larger variation of TOC content this relationship was more obvious for the Sargelu samples. The calculated fractal dimension ranged between 2.45 and 2.81 emphasizing the irregular pore surface of the measured samples. Based on the result of this study organic matter content is recognized as a controlling factor for pore structure and fractal characteristics of the Garau and Sargelu samples.

This article aims to conceptualize the folksonomies, introduce their strengths and weaknesses, and suggest deployment of the strengths to enhance the professional knowledge organization systems. A library research used and the literature of folksonomies and related works reviewed and analyzed. Folksonomies and professional knowledge organization systems (e.g. thesauri, ontologies, and classification schemes) have strengths and weaknesses which enhancement of strengths and elimination of weaknesses must be scrutinized. It must be relied on strengths of folksonomies and discovery and analysis of the latent structures and patterns embedded in folksonomies in order to enhance and update the professional knowledge organization systems.

This study was a Persian-English comparative translation investigation on the selected poems of Forough- Farrokhzad, an influential contemporary Iranian poet. Two English translations were analyzed: one by a native Persian speaker, Sholeh Wolpé, an Iranian poet and translator, and the other by a non-native Persian speaker, Jascha Kessler, an American poet, writer and translator. The translations were reviewed according to Vinay and Darbelnet’s(1995) model which identifies two general translation strategies: direct and oblique, resembling literal versus free classifications, respectively, along with their supplementary proce- dures in order to investigate the frequency of the application of each procedure by the two translators. After situating every line of the poems in the related categories, the number of times each procedure was em- ployed was examined. The findings indicated that both translators used the oblique strategy more than the direct one. The non-native translator, however, used the oblique strategy considerably more frequently com- pared to the native translator. Finally, new procedures called complementary procedures were proposed by the researchers to be added to Vinay and Darbelnet’s (1995) model in order to fill the gaps in the application of strategies and procedures to the poems of Forough Farrokhzad and probably other poems.

In the present study, IN718 super alloy was produced by selective laser melting (SLM) method and was imposed under solution heat treatment at temperature of 1040°C for 2 hours. Three different environments, such as water, air and furnaces were used to cool the samples after complete solution. The results of microstructural studies conducted by optical microscopy (OM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed that intermetallic precipitates were formed during the process, disappear after solution. In order to complete the FESEM results, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) test showed that in at all cooling rates, the only remaining phases of matrix are the austenite (γ) and carbides, which their locations are between the grains according to the microscopic images. This issue indicates the proper selection of solution parameters and proper execution of solution process. The micro hardness test showed that doing solution treatment to reduce the volume fraction or completely remove the secondary phase leads to decreased hardness. By increasing cooling rate, the hardness of samples was reduced, so that the hardness of sample chilled in 30 % water was reduced compared to the sample before the heat treatment.

Chamomile has beneficial effects on ameliorating obesity, similar to the effects of exercise training. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of eight weeks aerobic interval-resistance training combined with chamomile consumption on body Composition and glucose homeostasis in overweight and obese women. In this randomised clinical trial study conducted in Khomam city in 2018, 29 overweight and obese women (overweight=11 and obese=18) were randomly selected and divided into three groups including training (65 min aerobic interval-resistance training, three times per week; n=9), training- Chamomile (65min concurrent training, three times per week; 1.5 g Chamomile consumption, three times per day for eight weeks; n=10) and a control (no intervention; n=10) for 8 weeks. Body composition and glucose homeostasis variables were assessed at baseline and after the end of interventions. The results were analyzed using paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Training-chamomile intervention was associated with markedly decreased amount of body mass index and body fat percent (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the concurrent training and control groups (p>0.05). In addition, there were no significant changes in fasting blood sugar, insulin or homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in any groups (p>0.05). No significant difference in body composition and glucose homeostasis between the groups was detected at 8-weeks of intervention (p>0.05). Considering the results, Chamomile consumption combined with aerobic-resistance training can probably be effective in improving body mass index and body fat percent in overweight and obese women.

In recent years, most of the loads and distributed generations are connected to the AC grid through the power electronic converters. Using the DC grid beside the AC grid can reduce the conversion stages and power losses. Protection of the DC grids is a challenging issue because of the new structures of DC grids and fast transients of the DC faults. This paper studies the protection of the low voltage DC (LVDC) system in the presence of the photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage systems (ESS). An LVDC system consisting of a DC microgrid is considered and Different operating modes are analyzed. DC faults behavior and protection challenges are discussed for each mode through simulations employing MATLAB software. Finally, some methods are presented to solve the protection challenges. The results show that changing the protection arrangement of the system and choosing suitable control logics for the ESS and the PV prevent the unwanted outage of the loads and provide the possibility of the microgrid operation in islanded mode.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of chemical (calcium, (Ca2+), sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+)) of the canopy and litter leaching of Velvet maple (Acer velutinum Boiss) during a year against those nutrients in rainfall (RF). Measurements were carried out in mixed stands, located in district one offorest research station of Gorgan University, the eastern Caspian forests of Iran. In order to perform the research, three Velvet mapletrees were selected in 0.5 ha stand and throughfall (TF) (405 samples) and litterflow (LF) (243 samples) were sampled after each RF within a year from (2012/02/03) to (2013/02/03). The nutrients amounts in TF, LF and RF as well as monthly nutrient dynamics of TF and LF, were compared using t-test analysis and one way variance analysis at the 95 of confidence level. Results showed that the amounts of K+ and Ca2+ in TF were 134.83 and 0.19 kg ha-1 year-1, respectively, significantly higher than those in RF, however, the amount of Na+ was 52.27 kg ha-1 year-1, significantly lower than RF (p<0.05). Also, amounts of Na+ and Ca2+ in LF were 91.9 and 1.68 kg ha-1 year-1, respectively, significantly lower than those in RF. We found out that nutrient leaching of TF and LF was significantly different in several months. Velvet mapletrees can usefully improve the potassium contained in the soils. In order to select suitable species for afforestation, soil fertility improvement and forest management, we need to know more about leaching process information along with other characteristics of trees.

There are some uncertainties among the risk factors of vascular calcification in the hemodialysis patients. This study was planned to examine the association between abdominal aortic calcification and concerned biochemical parameters in hemodialysis patients. In this cross- sectional study, 84 stable hemodialysis patients admitted on hemodialysis section of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in 2013 were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. Pre-dialysis venous blood samples were taken from patients to determine the amount of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), alkaline phosphatase (Alk.P), C - reactive protein (CRP), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). Patients underwent abdominal CT scanning and ACI (ACI) was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 20. Chi-square, Kruskal Wallis and One Way ANOVA tests were used. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. The average age of participants was 50.15±17.03 years (18-83 y/o).A statistically significant correlation was observed between ACI and ALK-P serum levels (p=0.01). It was found that ACI had a significant relationship with phosphorus in women (p=0.01). ALK-P serum levels in men also had a significant relationship with ACI (p=0.02). In addition, there was a significant correlation between ACI and history of cerebro-cardiovascular disease and also duration of dialysis (p=0.004 and 0.0001, respectively). In patients with longer duration of dialysis, and patients with a history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, ACI levels were significantly higher. ALK-P and phosphorus were correlated with aortic calcification in males and females respectively. No significant correlation was found between iPTH serum levels and aortic calcification.

Protein hydrolysates are compounds with low molecular weight that after entering the body are easily absorbed and play important biological roles in cellular levels. The most important functions of bioactive compounds are antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer activities and enhance the immune system. The main objective of this study was to produce cotton seed protein hydrolysate using pepsin enzyme that was optimized by response surface methodology. The factors investigated in this study were temperature (30-40◦C), time (2-5h) and enzyme/substrate ratio (0.5-2%) in order to obtain maximum antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activities were investigated using 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity, total antioxidant capacity, reducing power and chelating activity. All of the experiments were designed according to the central composite design. Each of the studied variables had a significant effect on the responses (p<0/05). The optimal conditions to achieve maximum antioxidant activity were temperature of 31.1◦C, time of 5h and enzyme/substrate ratio of 1.75%, respectively. Under these conditions, (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity, reducing power, chelating activity, total antioxidant capacity and degree of hydrolysis were 83%, 0.158 Å, 70%, 1.99 mmol α- tocopherol/mL and 31.75%, respectively. Cotton seed protein hydrolysates have exhibited good antioxidant activity and might be employed as a natural antioxidant in food products and formulations.

An anti-tumor compound as N3-{phenyl [(4-pyridylcarbonyl) amino] methyl} weresynthesized and identified (NPPA). Fe (III), Co(II) and Pd(II) metal complexes of this ligand preparedby reaction of chloride salt of Fe (III), Co(II) and Pd(II) with NPPA in dry acetonitrile. Identification andCharacterization of the ligand was performed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysisand all complexes were characterized by several techniques using elemental analyze (C, H, N), FTIR,1H-NMR (except Co complex), electronic spectroscopy and molar conductance measurements.These new compounds were used to biological studies; and its anticancer properties against the twotypes of cancer cells such as k562 (human chronic myeloid leukemia) and Jurkat (human T lymphocytecarcinoma) was revealed. The results of in vitro activities were very interesting and promising. Theseresults showed that complexes offer a new outlook for chemotherapy. It should be noted that the resultssuggest that complex showed greater effects than ligand.

Significant effects of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles on the potentiometric behavior of carbon paste electrode for bio determination of Isoniazid aromatic drug (INH) were studied. The electrochemical performance of modified Fe3O4/CPE was investigated. The constructed Fe3O4/CPE showed high precision, sensitivity and selectivity, for successfully determination of ultra-trace concentration of INH samples. In this research, pH effects, optimal condition for electrode and interfering Ions, on electrode response were investigated. The best potential response for Fe3O4/CPE was obtained with electrode composition of 0.012 g magnetic NPs, 0.006 g silicon oil and 0.060 g graphite powder at pH 6.5 and showed such a low detection limit as 3.09×10−13 mol L−1 INH

Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is an advanced method for delivery of three dimensional therapies, which provides optimal dose distribution with giving multiple nonuniform fluency to the patient. The complex dose distribution of IMRT should be checked to ensure that the accurate dose is delivered. Today, film dosimetry is a powerful tool for radiotherapy treatment Quality Assurance (QA) and a good method to verify dose distribution in phantoms.
This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of IMRT treatment planning system, Prowess Panther® software, with Gafchromic EBT3 films in a inhomogeneity phantom
The IMRT plan was generated by Prowess Panther® treatment planning system (TPS) version 5.2 on a inhomogeneity phantom, then it was irradiated by ONCOR linear accelerator (Linac) with 6 (MV) photon beam energy. The Gafchromic EBT3 film located between the phantom has measured the dose distribution.­ To compare between TPS calculated doses and film measured doses, Gamma criteria 3%/3 mm, 4%/4 mm, 5%/5 mm, 6%/6 mm and 7%/7 mm Dose Difference (DD) and Distance to Agreement (DTA), respectively were used.
Gammas passing rates for PTV are obtained 67.5% for 3%/3mm, 78.8% for 4%/4mm, 86.3% for 5%/5mm, 91.2% for 6%/6mm and 94.3% for 7%/7mm and for organs at risk is 72.4% for 3%/3mm, 82.8% for 4%/4mm, 89.8% for 5%/5mm, 93.3% for 6%/6mm and 95.4% for 7%/7mm (respectively DD/DTA). By increasing the range of criteria the capability increased.
The results show that the use of EBT3 film in a inhomogeneity phantoms allows us to evaluate the dose differences between the EBT3 measured dose distribution and TPS calculated dose distribution .Hence, a result Prowess Panther® TPS can be used for IMRT technique treatment.

Fish is known as a perishable food because of its high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids and neutral pH. Accordingly, natural preservatives are employed to delay the spoilage and increase the shelf life of fish. The aim of this research is to study the antibacterial and antioxidative effects of Chlorella vulgaris algae extract on the quality of rainbow trout during storage at 4 °C.
In this study, trout fillets were treated with 4 concentrations of algae extract (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 %), then they were subjected to chemical (PV, TBA, TVB-N, pH), microbial tests (total count, psychrotrophs count) and sensory evaluation during 9 days of storage at 4 °C at 0, 3, 6 and 9 day intervals.
Based on the results obtained, the levels of lipid oxidation and microbial degradation were significantly lower in the fish treated with algae extract than the control sample. According to sensory analysis results, treatments with algae extract had better quality as compared to other treatments at the last day of storage.
The findings indicated that Chlorella vulgaris extract exerted antioxidant and antibacterial effects on rainbow trout during storage and increased the shelf life.

In this study, five infiltration models including Kostiakov, Kostiakov-Lewis, Philip, Soil Conservation Service (SCS) and Horton were fitted to the experimental data using the double rings, and the empirical coefficients of these models were determined. Infiltration experiments were conducted in the gravelly sandy loam soil under and between the olive and orange trees in Fasa city, Fars Province, Iran. The results showed that all five models were fitted accurately to the measured data. The accumulated infiltration under the trees was higher than those measured between two trees. Higher infiltration under the tree canopies was probably due to the higher soil organic matter, the lower soil bulk density, and the tree root channeling, which were more pronounced when compared to the small pores in these soils. Despite the positive effect of sand particles on soil infiltration, the big gravel occurrence in soil would decrease the cross section area of water flow path, thereby reducing the infiltration. Therefore, changing the land use and planting olive and orange trees in the gravel soils would increase the infiltration rate and consequently, decrease runoff and erosion rates in such soils.

In the present study, an in vitro brain cell culture was developed from neural cells of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus). The tissue samples collected from the anterior, middle and posterior regions of the brain were cultivated separately in DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum, antibiotic and antimycotic. The medium was refreshed every 3 days. The cells became confluent after about 3 weeks from the initial time of seeding. The cultured cells from the posterior part of the brain showed high potential of proliferation as they had been passaged 16 times in more than 11 months. To determine optimal temperature, the brain cells were incubated at four temperatures including; 20, 22, 25 and 28°C. The best cultivation temperature was obtained at 25°C. The cultured cells from posterior part of the brain were cryopreserved successfully and the survival rate was 70% after thawing. Immunocytochemistry using antibody against nesting showed that some cells were immunopositive for nesting. Finally, these results suggested that cell cultures from posterior part of the Persian sturgeon brain with high proliferation capacity can be useful for research on brain cells in A. persicus in the future.

To describe theory of integrative levels and apply it in knowledge organization and design of information retrieval tools.
Integrative levels in knowledge organization are organized by entities and phenomena. World phenomena in this classification scheme are organized by natural order of integrative levels. It is also possible to recognize new hierarchical relations between terms based on theory of integrative levels in thesauri in addition to basic relationships (NT, BT, and RT).
Knowledge levels can be explained and described by the theory of integrated levels. The field of knowledge organization suffers from lack of theoretical foundations thus applying scientific and philosophical theories provides opportunities for further research and opens new horizons in knowledge organizations’ studies.

Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses, which has the most contribution for declining crop production under dryland condition. Large seed size in chickpea is one of major factors for high market acceptance. Sameen cultivar (ILC1799) was received through Chickpea International Drought Tolerance Nursery (CIDTN) from ICARDA in 2002. Cultivar Sameen along with other lines and checks was evaluated in different experiments in moderate cold and cold regions during 2002- 2014 cropping seasons. The results showed that Sameen cultivar had 32 percent higher yield than checks during several years of evaluations. Average grain yield and 100-seed weight of Sameen cultivar during evaluations were 919 kgha-1 and 36 g, respectively. This cultivar is also resistant to fusarium wilt disease compared with checks. Therefore, spring planting of Sameen cultivar in Hamadan, Maragheh, Kordestan, Zanjan, Kermanshah, Oromieyeh and Northern Khorasan is recommended.

The main purpose of this paper is to explain Churchland's radical embodied approach to cognition and learning. This Research is conducted by using concept analysis and critical method. This paper illustrates that how the physicalists account of cognition and learning is problematic. As an alternative, the neurophenomenological approach of Varela and Mathurana is introduced. They reject physicalism on the bases of the enactive learning and introduce a situated embodied learning. Varela and Mathurana argue that the mind is not in the head and so learning should be considered as an embodied (more than brain), embedded (functioning in a related wider context), enactive (involving things organisms do) and extended (into the environment). Therefore organism and environment are intertwined in the circularity.

The aim of this study is to model the structural equation of schemas and attachment styles with addiction potential through the mediation of stress coping strategies, cognitive emotion regulation, and loneliness among the addicts undergoing abstinence.
For this purpose, a descriptive-correlational research design was used. The research population included all the addicts under treatment of Golestan Province in 2016. Through Loehlin's sampling method (2004), 300 addicts under recovery were selected as the sample. Addiction Potential Scale, Hazan & Shaver Attachment Styles Questionnaire, Endler and Parker's Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), Garnefski's Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2001), Russell UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-SF) were used for data collection. Generally, the five variables could explain 74 percent of addiction potential variance.
Considering the predictive power of the variables, the findings can be used in interventions and training in addiction treatment clinics.