shabnam abedin dargoush

 The Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) COVID-19 vaccine is one of the approved vaccines which has been used in Iran.

 In the present retrospective study, we evaluated the short-term efficacy and side effects of the Sputnik V vaccine against COVID-19 in Iranian healthcare providers.

 Healthcare workers referred to Firoozgar Hospital affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, between March 2021 and December 2021 were assessed. Humoral immunity was evaluated against S-RBD IgG of SARS-CoV2 after Sputnik V vaccination at three phases, including days 60 (phase I), 120 (phase II), and 210 (phase III) by an anti-S RBD IgG ELISA kit. Vaccine recipients were divided into two groups based on the history of SARS-CoV2 infection. The vaccine side effects were obtained from each participant after the first and second doses.

 A total of 65 vaccine recipients (41.5% male (27/65)) with a mean age of 35 ± 8.5 years were enrolled, of whom 41.5% had a history of COVID-19 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were significantly higher in vaccine recipients compared to those without a history of COVID-19 infection a month (4 vs. 6.6), three months (4.5 vs. 7.2), and six months (3.8 vs. 5.9) after vaccination (P = 0.001). Our study had 18 patients (27.7%) with vaccination breakthroughs.

 Sputnik V seems to induce high antibody levels after the second dose; however, protective antibodies declined six months after the second dose. A booster dose is highly recommended for at-risk individuals.

Graphene-based nanomaterials are being investigated for their biocompatibility and bioactivity, as well as their ability to improve osteogenic differentiation. In this research, the base material, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets, were decorated with hydroxyapatite and strontium (rGO / HAp-Sr) to induce osteogenic differentiation in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Different techniques were used to determine the properties of the nanocomposite such as diffraction analysis techniques (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (to evaluate the size and morphology of HAp-Sr on rGO plates), FT-IR (to analyze the nanocomposite functional group), Raman spectroscopy (to investigate possible disorders in nanocomposite structure and number of layers), induced dual plasma emission spectroscopy (to assess atomic concentration of Ca and Sr), zeta potential(electrical potential of the nanocomposite) and MTT (nanocomposite cytotoxicity assessment) were used. The ossification potential of the synthesized nanocomposite was investigated and confirmed using the calcium deposition test in dipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. According to the obtained results, osteogenic differentiation induction is possible using synthesized nanocomposites without the need for chemical inducers.

Graphene based nanocomposites have been used to improve the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. In this research study, the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets were used as the base material while decorated with strontium doped hydroxyapatite (rGO/HAP/Sr). X-ray differentiation (XRD) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to evaluate the size and morphology of the HAP/Sr decorated rGO. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) was used to analyze the nanocomposites’functional groups.Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the possible disorders in rGO/HAP/Sr structure and the number of layers. Ion-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used for evaluating the atomic concentrations of the elements (Ca and Sr) in nanocomposites. Likewise, zeta potential of thenanocomposite was determined to be -18.9 mV. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of the nanocomposites, MTT assay was performed. The osteo-inductive potential of the synthesized rGO/HAP/Sr nanocomposites was investigated using the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADCs). Osteogenic differentiation was confirmed by measuring the calcium content. The results revealed that the nanocomposites concentrations induce calcium deposition by cells, indicating that the bone differentiation was done successfully. Lastly, it can be concluded that, this nanocomposite, alone, can be used for bone differentiation induction without using any chemical inducers.