فهرست مطالب shahla hojat

In the present research, the investigation of the social factors affecting the nature of gender inequalities in professional sports in Iran and the presentation of the applied model and the determined topics and axes have been examined by proposing the challenges related to each one. According to this goal, the main question of the present research is, what are the social factors affecting the nature of gender inequalities in professional sports in Iran? A qualitative research method with an exploratory design was used for its implementation. Because the number of participants is limited, the statistical sample size was selected using the purposeful snowball sampling method (theoretical saturation). In the qualitative part of the research, the grounded theory technique was based on the Strauss and Corbin model, and interviews were conducted with 18 people, and a semi-structured interview was used to collect data. The results showed that from the point of view of professional sports, it is defined based on a male and patriarchal point of view, and the type of game of winning and losing in sports fields is derived from the discriminatory demands of gender, which considers more power and championships, winning and losing, athletes and coaches applying for higher positions and increasing sports identity and strengthening it. They should strengthen the views related to gender identity and its attributes in male and female athletes.

The aim of this study was to identify and understand the stigma phenomenon of disgrace in the sports community for the disabled with a qualitative approach based on the method of basic theory and tries to provide a paradigmatic model of the hot concept based on mental perceptions and interpretations of this concept in the athlete community Provide Iranian disability . Participants in this study are 65 disabled athletes from Paralympic teams who have been selected in person and voluntarily using theoretical and judgmental sampling methods. Using open and semi-structured interviews, the research data were collected based on the three axes of the question (what and why and how). A set of initial themes was retrieved during the coding process and categories were extracted from them. Then, in the central coding stage, the link between the categories under the headings of causal conditions, pivotal phenomenon, strategic category, contextual conditions, intermediate category and consequential category was adjusted in the form of Corbyn Stern's paradigm model. The results of the study were 6 main categories and 39 sub-categories and in the selection coding stage, the components of the coding coding paradigm were described, and the theory was created . Findings show how stigma as a social construct plays a role in the norms of the sports community and social exclusion in these people and preventing their active participation in social-sports arenas.

The purpose of this article is a sociological analysis of social changes sports performance with the approach of self-acceptance and body management in female athletes in Tehran in the field of individual (bodybuilding) and to implement it, a combined research method with an exploratory design has been used. First, 49 people were interviewed in the qualitative part of the research using the grounded theory technique of Strauss and Corbin model. Then, in the quantitative section, questionnaires were prepared and distributed to 120 people. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (0.977). In this output, structural equation modeling from Smart PLS software was used and specific research paths were studied in accordance with the conceptual model. The quantitative index of the quantitative model is 0.088 and indicates the strong desirability of the model, which is considered as a criterion for the validity of the theory based on. Results of qualitative section findings in the form of 6 concepts: causal conditions including: weakness of personality traits; Axial phenomenon: self-acceptance and lack of self-confidence; Intervention conditions: the role of friends and mentors; Girl Athlete Habit; Actions and Interactions: Body Management; Consequences: A feeling of self-satisfaction and approval of others. According to the findings, the exaggeration of female bodybuilders is due to the awareness and feelings of bodybuilders, the family and society towards the phenomenon of bodybuilding, which this type of feedback behavior is obtained from a negative attitude in interactions and interpersonal relationships. .

The aim of this study was to identify and explain the phenomenon of hot stigma in the sports community of the disabled and used a combined research method with an exploratory design. A quantitative survey questionnaire was provided to 120 athletes with disabilities. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (0.971). The findings showed how hot stigma as a social construct plays a role in the norms of the sports community and social exclusion in these individuals and the prevention of their active participation in the social arena of sports, which is considered a criterion for the validity of "theory based." Leads to the phenomenon of instrumental exploitation of the disabled athlete at the level of the individual, family and sports community. This phenomenon of exploitation of the disabled athlete can simultaneously be considered as causal conditions, phenomena, action and interaction conditions. / 0, which indicates the strong desirability of the model and can be a good model with a holistic, systematic and long-term view of the sport of the disabled and tries to guide the action of managers in the distant time horizons and wider areas of implementation.

Exercise and supplementation with urtica dioica powder are usable methods for control hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to compare eight weeks of aerobic training and urtica dioica supplementation alone and combination on glycemic control and lipid profile in women with type II diabetes.
Subjects and In this semi-experimental study, 40 females (40-60 years old) with type II diabetes, were randomly divided into four equal groups (aerobic training, urtica dioica supplementation, combination of aerobic training and urtica dioica supplementation and non-treated control (n=10). Twenty four hr before and 48 hr after the intervention period, fasting blood sugar and high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) were measured. For statistical analysis paired t-test and two way ANOVA (P ≤ 0.05).
In the post-test significant difference in fasting blood sugar level and HDL-C were observed between groups (P According to these findings aerobic training and supplementation with urtica dioica powder are effective complementatry intervention methods for controlling blood glucose and lipid profile in type II diabetic patients.

The aim of the present study is to find the effect of a slow running on static and dynamic balance training to students with Down syndrome

The statistical sample consisted of 24 children with Down syndrome (mean age 19.35+3.5, Height 157.33+12, Weight 63.92+27.49) randomly divided into two groups of 12 subjects in the experimental group and control group. There were 12 sessions for 45 minutes with slow exercise on treadmill which was considered for the experimental group. Stork balance test was used to assess the static balance and walking from heel to toe test was used to assess the dynamic balance

The results showed that the difference between static and dynamic balance before and after exercise was significant.

The use of slow running on the treadmill can be used as a way to improve the dynamic and static balance in children with Down syndrome.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women before menopause. However, changing the life style is mentioned as the first line of therapeutic strategy; the researches have shown the different results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a conducted program based on diet and physical activity on clinical and laboratory characteristics of obese PCOS women.

Fifty women with PCOS randomly divided into two groups. The intervention plan consisted of a 12-week exercise and diet program for one of the group, while the other did not receive such interventions. Participant’s characteristics including demographic, menstrual status, clinical characteristics of hyper-androgenemia, as well as biochemical, hormonal and abdominal ultra-sonography data were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after intervention.

The mean (Standard deviation) of age and body mass index (BMI) were 25.9 (4.13) year, 22.11 (3.96) year and 31.4 (4.85) kg/m2 and 28.81 (3.81) kg/m2 in experimental and control groups respectively. There were significant differences between experimental and control groups for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (p=0.01), total testosterone (p=0.005), free testosterone (p=0.004), estradiol (p=0.03), sex- hormone bounding globulin (SHBG), triiodotyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and TSH (p=0.001), 17 hydroxy progesterone and triglycerides (p=0.03), total cholesterol (p=0.05), BMI (p=0.03), the ultrasound exam, oligomenorrhea, hirsutism and acne (p <0.001) and alopecia (p=0.01).

Regular exercise and dietary intervention can be recommended as non-pharmacological interventions to PCOS patients