shahnaz barat

Anemia in pregnancy is associated with psychiatric symptoms and poor psychiatric symptoms, this study investigates the 6-month trends of anxiety and birth outcomes. Considering the controversies surrounding the impact of anemia on psychiatric symptoms, this study investigates the 6-month trends of anxiety and depression in anemic pregnant women with threatened abortion (TA).

A case-control retrospective cohort study conducted among 282 participants who enrolled in a registry of pregnant women with TA in Babol city from December 2022 to October 2023. Fifty individuals with anemia (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL) who were matched with 50 without anemia based on age, pregnancies, education, and gestational age, were included. The BSI-18 (Brief Symptom Inventory) was used to assess depression, anxiety, and psychological distress at the beginning, three and six-month follow-ups.

The prevalence of anemia among women diagnosed with TA was found to be 17.7%. At the beginning, compared to normal individuals, anemic women had higher rates of depression (32% vs. 14%), anxiety (34% vs. 22%), and psychological distress (66% vs. 48%). Moreover, at 3- and 6-month follow-ups, the frequency of psychiatric symptoms in anemic women was significantly higher. The Generalized Estimating Equations model showed that although both groups had a decreasing trend of frequency anemic women experience a slower rate of decrease in psychiatric symptoms compared to non-anemic women.

Anemia in women with TA is associated with high rates of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress, as well as a slow recovery rate.

Threatened abortion (TA) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Despite the attention paidto the adverse outcomes of obstetrics, only a few studies have been conducted on the psychological status of womenwith threatened abortion. This study aimed to compare the symptoms of depression and anxiety in women with TAand those without threatened abortion. In a case-control study, 136 women with TA (the case group) and 136 women without TA(the control group), were matched with the case group in terms of gestational age, education level, age, and numberof pregnancies, were examined from Obstetric clinics of Babol University of Medical Sciences. Demographic informationand pregnancy history were obtained from all participants. Additionally, the women filled out the BSI-18questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 software. The results showed that in women with threatened abortion, the likelihood of experiencing depressionsymptoms was 1.9 times higher [odds ratio (OR)=1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13-3.23, P=0.015], anxietysymptoms were 1.8 times higher (OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.08-3.10, P=0.024), and somatization was 2.6 times higher(OR=2.65, 95% CI=1.61-4.37, P<0.001) compared to pregnant women without threatened abortion. Additionally, inwomen with threatened abortion, the risk of psychological distress was 3.3 times higher (OR=3.30, 95% CI=1.96-5.56, P<0.001) than in women without threatened abortion. This study suggests that gynecologists, midwives, and healthcare providers, in addition to providingmedical care for women threatened with abortion, should identify women at risk of experiencing symptoms of depressionand anxiety. Providing appropriate psychological support should be prioritized in the management of women withthreatened abortion.

 The over active bladder syndrome is one of the women ‘s health problem that it usually accompanied by frequency and nocturia  with or without urgency urinary incontinency.The aim of the study was to compare the effect of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation with biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle training on quality of life and frequency of urination in young women with overactive bladder.

 In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 60 females aged 18 to 45 years with overactive bladder were randomly divided into two equal groups. The first group underwent biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle training plus Kegel exercises three times a week for twelve sessions. The second group underwent percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation plus Kegel exercises, performed three times a week for twelve sessions using a two-channel stimulator with device. The frequency of daily urination was the primary outcome. Quality of life, severity of overactive bladder symptoms, severity of urinary incontinence symptoms, frequency of nocturnal urination, and urgency were secondary outcomes. The criterion for the rate of success was <0.05.

In comparison between groups, a statistically significant difference was observed in the number of daily urinations, nocturnal urinations, and urgency, in favor of the percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation group (p<0.01). Meanwhile, in terms of urinary incontinence, this advantage was in favor of the biofeedback group (p<0.01). No significant difference was observed in terms of quality of life and severity of overactive bladder symptoms between the two groups.

Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation and biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle training are two minimally invasive, easy, and cost-effective methods that can reduce the frequency of urination and increase the quality of life, and probably reduce the risk of surgery in these patients.

Prenatal and postnatal depression (PND) is associated with adverse outcomes for mother, fetus, and child. The aim of study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms.

This was a cross-sectional and hospital-based survey of 2305 pregnant women and post-partum women (18-48 years) that was registered in the Babol Pregnancy Mental Health Registry (BPMHR) database from June 2020 to March 2021. Two questionnaires, including demographics and depression, were analyzed in this study. Also, the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess the depressive symptoms. Independent t test and the analysis of variance were used to compare the means. Multiple logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors for depressive symptoms.

According to the EPDS scale, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 19.8% in the pregnant woman group in comparison with the postpartum period (11.6%). Risk factors for antenatal depressive symptoms were parity (women with parity ≥ 4 vs. 1 parity, ß=1.808, P=0.020), two groups of gestational age (gestational age ≤12 weeks vs. 28 weeks, ß=1.562 P=0.030) as well as (gestational age 21-27 weeks vs. 28 weeks (ß=1.586, P=0.033), and high-risk pregnancy (high-risk vs. low-risk pregnancy, ß=1.457, P=0.003). For postnatal depressive symptoms, none of the factors were a significant risk.

Prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms should be screened, particularly for women in the first and second trimesters, with high parity, and those with a high-risk pregnancy, as recommended by the present study.

Urinary stress incontinence occurs due to weakness of the urethral sphincter and/or weakness of the pelvic floor muscles. The purpose of this study is to investigate the complications of TOT surgery in the treatment of women with stress urinary February.

This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on women suffering from stress urinary incontinence who underwent TOT surgery in Rohani and Mehregan Hospitals of Babol between March 2010 and February 2019. In order to record early complications, the medical records available in the clinic were referred to for the examination of patients one week and two months after the operation. The late complications of the operation were also investigated at the time of entering the study. Also, satisfaction with the procedure was scored using a visual scale (score 0 to 100). SPSS version 26 software was used in this study. Also, the significance level is less than 0.05.

The study included 59 patients, the majority of whom were housewives (91.5%), had an education level below high school (74.6%), and were menopausal (71.2%). The average age of the participants is 54.92±9.40 years. The most common postoperative complications were Dyspareunia (20.3%), lower urinary symptoms (13.6%), and incontinency (10.2%). Also, the rarest complications were intraoperative injury to the urethra or bladder (1.7%), mild Vaginal erogenous (1.7%), pain at the operation site (3.4%), and need for adjuvant treatment (3.4%). In response to the question of whether you would recommend this surgery to others who have the same problem, 53 people (83.89%) responded positively. The average level of patients' satisfaction with the operation (on a scale of 0 to 100) was 88.64±23.44. According to the T-test, there is a statistically significant relationship between the incidence of postoperative complications and the level of patient satisfaction (P<0.001).

Dyspareunia is the most common and complications during surgery such as damage to the urethra are the rarest complications of TOT surgery.

A high percentage of pregnant women experience anxiety symptoms. A review of recent studies shows that current psychological interventions have not focused on pregnancy. Therefore, considering the importance of investigating anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the impact of these disorders on the mental health system, the evaluation of anxiety disorders should be considered in controlled clinical studies.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of computer-based cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (ECBT) on emotion regulation in pregnant women with anxiety.

This study was quasi-experimental. The studied population consists of pregnant women from 13 to 30 weeks pregnant, singletons, and suffering from anxiety disorders in Babol city. In a pre-test and post-test design, 84 pregnant women at 13-30 weeks of pregnancy were divided into two experimental groups (n = 42) and control (n = 42). The participants in both groups completed Garnevsky's (2002) cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire in two pre-test and post-test series. The data were analyzed using variance analysis of repeated measurements and SPSS 26 software.

The results of this study showed that ECBT is able to improve emotion regulation in pregnant women (p<0.05). The pre-test and post-test of emotion regulation showed a significant difference in repeated measurement evaluation.

The results of this study suggest the use of computer-based cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing the emotional problems of pregnant women with anxiety disorders. Furthermore, the obtained results help psychologists and specialists in the field of women's health to gain new insights in relation to online treatments.

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting postpartum urinary retention (PPUR) following vaginal delivery.

This cross-sectional analytical study measured the post-void residual (PVR) urine volume by ultrasound, at most, 15 minutes after the first urination after delivery. Women with a PVR >150 mL without urinary symptoms were assigned to the postpartum covert urinary retention group. Data were analyzed with SPSS22. The chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used for quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively.

In this study, 1120 patients had a normal delivery at Ayatollahs Rouhani hospital from 21 January 2016 to 20 January 2017. Of this number, 306 (29.4%) and 734 (70.6%) cases with and without urinary retention were allocated to the case and control groups, respectively. Women with instrumental delivery had 30.19 times (P = 0.003) higher odds of urinary retention. Instrumental delivery is one of the known risk factors of urinary retention. The linear effect of the total length of labor was also measured, and the results revealed that every one-minute increase in the total length of labor increases the odds of covert urinary retention by 1.008 times (P < 0.001).

The findings of the study showed that various factors are involved in the incidence of urinary retention. More precisely, instrumental delivery, birth weight, gestational age, and other factors can each be a risk factor for urinary retention.

Fear of childbirth may be associated with increased anxiety, cesarean section, and delayed delivery. The study aimed to screen for fear of childbirth and the factors affecting it in pregnant women from 2019 to 2020 in Babol, Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, a total of 600 pregnant women with gestation age > 20 weeks referred to antenatal care clinics of Ayatollah Rouhani, Shahid Yahya Nejad Hospital, four health centers, and three private offices of obstetricians in Babol, Iran from 2019 to 2020 were surveyed using the Wijma Fear of Childbirth Questionnaire. Considering the cut-off point of 85, women with severe fear of childbirth were identified.

The fear of childbirth prevalence in pregnant women in this study was 29.2% (175/600). Fear of childbirth in women with postgraduate education was 3.27 times higher than in women with undergraduate education (P < 0.001). Pregnancy fears were 0.42 times higher in pregnant women with self-employed spouses than in employee spouses (P < 0.001). Also, women with a history of infertility were 2.73 times more likely to fear childbirth than women without a history of infertility (P = 0.01). Women with a history of psychiatric disorders were 6.86 times more afraid of childbirth than women without a history of psychiatric disorders (P = 0.02).

Due to the high prevalence of fear of childbirth in pregnant women in Babol, Iran, the need for particular psychological interventions to reduce the fear of childbirth and identify risk factors is suggested.

Anemia increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes including preterm delivery and low birth weight. This study was performed with aim to determine the relationship between the severity of anemia with preterm delivery and low birth weight and the level of hemoglobin which causes these consequences.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019-2020 on 737 pregnant women referred to Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital in Babol who underwent delivery. Demographic information, hemoglobin level of mothers, gestational age, type of delivery, weight, height, head circumference and Apgar of the newborn were recorded in the checklist. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 25) and univariate ANOVA, t-test, Chi-square and correlation coefficient tests.

The prevalence of anemia in pregnant mothers was estimated at 24.15%. Gestational age, weight, height, head circumference, and Apgar of the newborn were significantly lower in the anemic group (p<0.001). By dividing the mothers into two groups of term and pre-term, there was no significant difference in their hemoglobin level (p=0.11); however, by dividing preterm mothers into early and late preterm groups, hemoglobin was reported to be lower in early preterm mothers (p=0.004). It was found that hemoglobin less than 11.7 g/dL in a pregnant mother increases the risk of preterm delivery (less than 34 weeks) and birth weight less than 2500 g.

It seems that despite reaching the hemoglobin to the minimum normal level, there is still a significant possibility of adverse outcomes in the newborn, so one should try to keep the hemoglobin level above the minimum normal level.

Due to the increasing application of traditional and complementary medicine methods as well as medicinal herbs and given the drug interactions during surgery, the goal of this study was to determine the awareness, attitude and performance of surgical team regarding the use of herbs by surgical candidates. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, members of surgery and anesthesia team completed a data collection form, which included personal information and specialized questions (10 awareness, 9 attitudes, and 9 performance questions). The score for each awareness question was 0-2, which was 1-5 for attitude and performance questions, respectively. Quantitative data were reported with mean ±SD, and qualitative data were reported as frequency percentage. Quantitative variables were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and qualitative variables were assessed using Chi-square test. Among 185 participants, there were 99 women (53.6%). 31.4% of participants were specialists or assistants, 87.6% of them had moderate attitude, 82.3% showed poor performance and 82.2% poor awareness. The level of awareness was not significant in terms of specialization but that of attitude (p < 0.001) and performance (p < 0.019) was significant. Considering the growing trend of medicinal plants’ consumption in people, and given the moderate attitude, as well as poor awareness and performance of surgical team members toward medicinal plants, increasing knowledge level, prevention of drug interactions and potential side effects of medicinal plants together with training planning are essential for surgical team members to increase patient safety.

Psychiatric disorders are associated with poor pregnancy outcomes both for mother and child. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and related demographic risk factors of psychiatric symptoms among the pregnant women in Babol City.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in five private and public obstetrics clinics of Babol city. During routine appointments of prenatal care, 176 pregnant women filled in three questionnaires including; sociodemographic questionnaire, Edinburg Prenatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Symptom Checklist-25 (SCL-25). Wilcoxon test, Spearman correlation, and multivariate logistic regression tests were used to interpret the data.

The prevalence of depressive disorders was 15.4%% for Edinburg scores ≥13.  The overall rate of maternal psychiatric symptoms (global severity index or GSI scores ≥ 1.75) was 48.5%. The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms was high; for 25% somatization, 258% anxiety, obsession-compulsion disorders or OCD 6.4%, 8.8% interpersonal sensitivity, 5.3% phobia, 7.6% paranoid ideation, and 1.2% psychoticism. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that pregnant women with history of abortion in previous pregnancy were at risk of depressive symptoms more (β=3.18, CI 1.28-7.93, p=0.01) than those without history of abortion. Also, the only demographic factor related to psychiatric symptoms was the age of pregnant women; younger age was associated with higher symptom levels for GSI ((r=-0.17).

The high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms, especially depressive symptoms, in pregnant women highlights the need for continued research on screening, identifying the risk factors, and developing effective treatments for mental disorders in pregnant women.

  Vitamin D is important for the muscular tone and bone metabolism. Due to the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iranian women, this study aimed to investigate the difference in vitamin D levels between patients with and without pelvic floor disorder (PFD) to assess the possible effect of vitamin D on PFD. The present case-control study examined 209 women referring to Ayatollah Rouhani hospital of Babol in 2017. Patients were explored for prolapse and those with at least one disorder or without PFD were categorized as the case (n = 104) or control (n = 105) groups, respectively. Then, the serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D was compared between the groups. The mean age and abdominal circumference of the patients were significantly higher in the case group (P < 0.001 & P = 0.046, respectively) as compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the total mean ± SD serum level of vitamin D was 20.03±17.88 ng/mL and significantly higher in the case group (24.58 ± 20.75 ng/mL) than that of the control group (15.53±13.11 ng/mL), especially in patients with stress and urgency urinary incontinence (SIU/UIU) (both with a significance level of P < 0.001). As a result of PFD, the group with UI, especially the one with SIU or UIU had the highest vitamin D level compared to the control and other groups. Nonetheless, the mean age and educational level were significantly higher and lower in this group, respectively. These results could be due to the multifactorial nature of vitamin D level, that is, it varies based on nutrition, place of residence, and other factors.

Using oral glucose for glucose challenge test (GCT) and glucose tolerance test (GTT) is problematic, especially in early pregnancy when the pregnant woman is experiencing gastrointestinal complications. This research seeks to investigate the relationship between the ratio of Triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the risk of gestational diabetes and large for gestational age (LGA) fetus for suggesting a more appropriate index for diagnosis of gestational diabetes. The present cross-sectional study investigated pregnant women visiting the Perinatal Clinic of Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital in Babol for prenatal care from September 2015-2016. The GCT was performed on these pregnant women at 24-28 weeks as a screening test and their lipid profile, including HDL-C and TG, was simultaneously assessed after eight to 14 hours of fasting. Significant differences were observed between women with and without gestational diabetes in terms of mean triglyceride, HDL, LDL/HDL ratio, triglyceride/LDL ratio and triglyceride/HDL ratio. The cut-off point of TG/HDL in the GTT was 4.254 with a sensitivity of 79.07% and specificity of 78%. According to the results obtained, lipid profile can help predict the risk of gestational diabetes, especially TG/HDL ratio that has a high sensitivity to diagnose gestational diabetes, while, lipid indices could not predict birth of a LGA neonate.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common health problem in women in reproductive age which can impact their performance and quality of life. Considering drug- related side effects and limited evidences supporting the efficacy of hypnosis in PMS, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of hypnosis and the muscle relaxation in the symptom-relief of premenstrual syndrome.
This randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) was conducted on all 38 women with diagnostic criteria of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (based on DSM IV) who were referred to the clinics of Yahyanejad and Rohani Hospital in Babol (Iran) in 2016. They were allocated into two groups randomly. The first group received muscle relaxation and the second group received hypnotherapy. The patients filled out PMS symptom severity questionnaires at baseline, the 1st and 3rd months after intervention. Eight patients lost the follow up; therefore, data related to 30 patients was analyzed
Data analysis showed that the two groups were similar in demographic characteristics (P > 0.05). Mean of symptom severity score decreased significantly in the hypnotherapy group in comparison with the muscle relaxation group (p It seems that hypnosis can be significantly effective in the treatment of PMS and can reduce its symptoms.

Background and Postoperative pain is a common problem after hysterectomy. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia on pain intensity and hemodynamic changes after abdominal hysterectomy.
This clinical trial was performed in 100 women, ASA class I and II, 35 to 70 years of age, and candidate for abdominal hysterectomy. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine and general anesthesia with isoflurane. The pain was assessed based on the visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest, after coughing at the time of recovery admission, and at 6, 24 and 48 hours after surgery. Postoperative hemodynamic changes were assessed in recovery every 5 minutes for half an hour. Data analysis was done applying T-test, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-Square tests. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
The mean scores for pain in rest and coughing at the time of recovery admission in the spinal anesthesia group were 0.10±0.46 and 0.40 ± 1.12, and in the general anesthesia group were 3.44±1.40 and 5.88±1.79, respectively (P Pain score in spinal anesthesia was lower than that in general anesthesia in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Spinal anesthesia is believed to be better than general anesthesia for abdominal hysterectomy.

Hemorrhage and drop in hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels are the major complications of hysterectomy. This study was conducted to compare the effect of different anesthetic techniques on post-operative Hb and Hct levels following abdominal hysterectomy.
This randomized clinical trial was performed on 100 women aged between 35 and 70 years old in 2013. They were classified as classes I and II according to the American Society of Anesthesiology physical status classification and were candidates for abdominal hysterectomy due to benign causes. The patients were assigned into two groups of spinal and general anesthesia (50 patients per group). The pre- and 24 h post-operative levels of Hb and Hct and systolic and diastolic blood pressure during surgery were recorded 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after the onset of general and spinal anesthesia. Data analysis was performed using t-test, Mann-Whitney U and Chi-squared tests by SPSS software, version 22. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
There was no significant different regarding age, the duration of anesthesia and surgery, mean pre-operative levels of Hb and Hct (P>0.05). The mean post-operative levels of Hb were 9.64±1.12 mg/dl and 10.24±1.11 mg/dl with general and spinal anesthesia, respectively. Moreover, the post-operative levels of Hct were 29.83±3.21% and 32.45±3.05% with the spinal and general anesthesia, respectively (P=0.009 and P The decrease in the post-operative levels of Hb and Hct in the patients who underwent general anesthesia was greater than those who underwent spinal anesthesia.

 

 
 

 

 

 



both mothers and fetuses. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of dexamethasone on the augmentation and the duration of labor in prolonged latent phase of labor.

The design of the study was a randomized double-blind clinical trial design, which was conducted in delivery center of Rouhani hospital in Babol (Iran). A total 121 nulliparrous women with a singleton pregnancy and cephalic presentation at 40–42 gestational weeks in prolonged latent phase were randomly assigned to receive 2 ml ampoule dexamethasone 4 mg/mL (the intervention group) and 2 ml ampoule of sterile water for injections (the control group), which were both intramuscularly administered. Then, the Then, the augmentation of labor with the use of intravenous oxytocin infusion (Caspian Tamin Company Iran) (2.5 m units/ per minute) began in both groups. The primary outcome was the duration of time between the onset of augmentation and the second stage of labor.

The duration of time between the onset of labor augmentation and the second stage of labor (hours) was 5.6±1.9 in the study group, whereas it was 7.7±1.5 in controls with a significant difference (p ≤ <0.001). In the study group, the duration of time between the onset of labor augmentation and the active phase of labor was lower than that of the control group (p= 0.02). In addition, the duration of the second stage of labor (p <0.001) and the third stage (p <0.001) was lower in the study group compared with that of the control group.

It is imperative that midwives administer dexamethasone to improve the prolonged latent phase in women during the labour.

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Genital warts are one of the most common viral sexually transmitted diseases in the world. They are caused by different human papilloma viruses and lesions may have benign to malignant transformation. The main purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of condyloma acuminata in the spouses of patients with genital warts.
This cross-sectional study was done on 153 patients with genital warts and their spouses who were referred to dermatology and gynecology clinics of Babol University of Medical Science (North of Iran) between 2009 and 2012. All cases were clinically examined by dermatologists and gynecologists. After obtaining consent, the data including patients’ sex and age, genital wart in the spouse, history of warts in other sites of the body, positive family history of all forms of warts, smoking, addiction, alcohol consumption, and OCP use were collected via a questionnaire and analyzed with t and chi-square tests. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
In this study, 100 (65.4%) patients were women and 53 (34.6%) were men. Genital warts were detected in 25.5% of the spouses. The mean age of the patients and their spouses was 30.2±8.7 and 31.5 ±7.4 years, respectively. There was no significant correlation between age and genital wart in the spouse.
The results showed that genital warts are a relatively highly infectious disease. Our recommendation for prevention of genital warts is education and clinical examination of the patients’ spouses.

Intrauterine fetal death is not only a tragedy for the families, but is also one of the most important complications of pregnancy. Important factors, such as mother, placenta and fetus, can lead to stillbirth. The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of and factors associated with stillbirth in Babol, north of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, all women with a diagnosis of intrauterine fetal death who referred to Shahid Yahyanejad hospital during a period of one year; were included. After reviewing the medical records of patients, information of mothers, placenta and fetus were recorded in prepared forms. SPSS 18 statistical software was used to compare variables. In total, 6979 births were performed, of which 68 cases were reported as intrauterine fetal death. In this study, the rate of intrauterine fetal death was 9.7 per 1,000 live births, more frequently seen in 20-34 years old mothers. Abnormal labor, fetal meconium and fetal abnormality were among the causes of stillbirth. Identification of the predictive causes and factors of intrauterine fetal death are difficult. However, with proper care and effective counseling, screening and early detection of problems for mother and fetus of pregnant women with a history of intrauterine fetal death, and also with accurate assessment of similar problems during pregnancy; can reduce the incidence of fetal death.

Obtaining clinical methods in order to decrease the infectious morbidity of cesarean delivery is very important. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of preoperative vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution on post-caesarean infections.
This study was conducted on 400 singleton term pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery. The samples were randomized into two groups; experimental group, including women who received an additional preoperative vaginal cleansing with 10% povidone iodine; and a control group, including women who received only the standard abdominal preparation. All subjects received a single dose of prophylactic antibiotic and were investigated after cesarean delivery until the 6th postoperative weeks for postoperative fever, wound infection, or endometritis. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and the P value The groups were similar in age, education level, body mass index, and parity. The operation variables such as the postoperative fever, wound infection, and endometritis were observed in the two groups, and the overall for these were found to be 6.0 %, 6.3%, and 6.5%, respectively. A total of 7.5% of the participants in the control group and 5.5% of the participants in the experimental group developed postoperative endometritis; but it was not statistically significant (relative risk= 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.61 –1.21; P=0.417). Also, there was no significant difference in postoperative fever, wound infection between these women with and without preoperative vaginal cleansing with povidone.
The findings of the present study indicated that vaginal cleansing with povidone iodine immediately prior to elective cesarean delivery did not decrease the post-caesarean infection rates and the incidence of endometritis in low-risk women.

Despite the fact that many studies have been published about the risk factors associated with gestational diabetes mellitus, its prevalence remains high. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the history of irregular menses and gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women.
This case-control study was conducted on 51 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus in prenatal clinics of Ayatollah Rouhani hospital in Babol, Mazandaran, from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015. At first, women with family history of diabetes mellitus, pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus, previous gestational diabetes mellitus, age >35 years, weight >110 kg were excluded from the study. Then, one random control was systematically selected for each case, which was matched for age. All statistical analyses were performed through SPSS (Version 22). P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Irregular menses was not associated with gestational diabetes. The mean menarche at age was lower among the women with gestational diabetes (p=0.03). There was a significant association between menarche at age and gestational diabetes (OR, 6.74; 95% CI, 1.41-32.17). Dysmenorrhea did not differ between subjects with and without menstrual irregularities.
We concluded that early menarche at age (

Acute abdominal pain is a medium or severe abdominal pain that can lead to a life threatening for pregnant women and frequently requires urgent investigation and management. The aim of this study was to assess the causes and the presentation of acute abdomen among pregnant women admitted at the gynecology and an obstetrics ward of the hospital.
The present study was a cross sectional hospital based study among 118 pregnant women by face to face interview using a semi structured questionnaire. This study was conducted at the gynecology and an obstetrics ward of the hospital, Babol Iran, from April 2004 to February 2009. All analysis was performed with SPSS software.
Mean age of women was 29.1±6 years. The frequencies of the most common diagnosis of the patients were ectopic pregnancy (73.7%), appendicitis (10.2%), respectively. The study found that 55.1% of respondents complained their pain lasting more than 24 hours. Besides, 81.4% of respondents felt pain in the supra pubic followed by with nausea/ vomiting. A total of 103 (83.9%) underwent with Salpingostomy and 12 (10.1%) were treated with appendectomy.
The study concludes that a large prospective study is needed in order to precise diagnosis of the acute abdomen in pregnant women by continual updating of availability of the gynecologists for the management of the acute gynecologic and obstetrics emergencies among pregnant women.

This study was designed to compare the effect of general and spinal anesthesia on hemoglobin and hematocrit values in women following cesarean section. This clinical trial study performed on 88 ASA class 1 pregnant women who were candidate for elective cesarean. Forty six patients received general anesthesia with isoflorane 0.75, N2O 50% and O2 and also 42 patients received spinal anesthesia with 12 mg of bupivacaine. The patients with a systemic disease or other causes of intraoperative excessive bleeding were excluded. All the operations were performed by same surgeon. Pre- and post-operative Hb and HCT values and Apgar score were recorded in both groups. Previous cesarean section history was the cause of surgery in 21 patients in group one and 22 patients in group two. Both groups were similar in age, weight, height and parity. The preoperative mean Hb or HCT values did not differ significantly between two groups. In both groups, postoperative mean Hb and HCT values were decreased significantly. Postoperative Hb and Hct reduction was significantly higher in general anesthesia group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between two groups regarding Apgar score. This study showed higher postoperative Hb and Hct reduction in general anesthesia than spinal anesthesia.

Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) is a kind of pelvic floor disorders that affects the quality of life of affected individuals. According to relatively high prevalence of POP in women and the need to review the impact of risk factors in different populations, the present study aimed at compareing the alignment of the spine and pelvis and pelvic floor muscles’ function between women with and without POP. A total of 60 women with sequential non-random sampling were selected to participate in this descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study. Thirty women with POP who had reffered to Ayatollah Rohani hospital, according to inclusion criteria, were set asas case group and 30 women referring to the same hospital with zero or one degree of prolapse were selected as the control group. After obtaining demographic information, clinical examination including assessment of the spinal posture, state of vaginal rest tone, pelvic floor muscle's strength, and endurance were assessed. Obtained data were analysed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test, Logistic Regression, chi-square test and Spearma. The data showed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of kyphosis (P=0.98) and pelvic tilt (p=0.06). But there is a significant differences in lumbar lordosis (P=0.04). Vaginal tone and pelvic floor muscle strength were significantly lower in patients compared with that in participants without pelvic organ prolapse (p<0.05). Loss of lumbar lordosis as one of the possible risk factors should be considered in patients with pelvic organ prolapse and, according to the results, the possibility of increase in kyphosis and posterior tilt of the pelvis in women with pelvic organ prolapse is higher in a larger population. Pelvic floor muscles are also emphasized in providing health care services for these patients.

Hirsutism is one of the major problems in women referring to skin clinics. One of the causes of hirsutism is hyperprolactinemia. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the changes in prolactin hormone in women with this disease.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 200 patients with hirsutism referring to skin clinic of Babol Yahyanejad Hospital in 2013. At the second or third day of menstruation، experiments were performed for all the patients to determine hormone levels. Finally، 200 patients without PCOS were studied. Also، a questionnaire including a careful history and physical examination was scheduled for all the patients. Data was analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 16). P

Twenty five patients (12. 5%) had Hyperprolactinemia. No significant relation was found between hyperprolactinemia with marital status، history of galactorrhea، family history of hirsutism and infertility (P>0. 05). However، significant difference was observed between hyperprolactinemia and menstrual disorders (P=0. 043).

Although hyperprolactinemia is a rare cause of hirsutism، but its prevalence was high in this study. Therefore، evaluation of blood prolactin levels should be considered in hirsute patients.