shahnaz sargazi

The two main causes of indoor air pollution (IAP) are cooking and smoking. Toxic substances, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), recognized as human carcinogens, are present in cooking and tobacco smoke. This study aims to determine the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of PAHs collected from the indoor air of coffee shops on human cell line (KB/C152) in vitro approach.

Sampling pumps at a 2 l/min flow rate for 5 hours were applied to collect indoor air samples. Next, KB cells in cell culture medium were exposed to different concentrations of extracted PAHs using Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium (MTT) test. Finally, terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) test and cell cycle assessments were both examined using flow cytometry.

The MTT test revealed a significant cytotoxic effect on KB cells depending on the PAHs concentrationas compared to the control cell line. The lethal concentration 50 (LC50) value against KB cells was 100 ± 3.09 µg/ml. Accordingly, exposure to extracted PAHs resulted in an arrest in the cell cycle at the sub-G1 checkpoint. The extracted PAHs suppressed the cell cycle in the sub-G1 phase, damaged DNA, and arrested KB cells from proliferating. Additionally, a statistically significant increase in DNA cleavage percentages (p ≤ 0.05) was seen in the TUNEL test, which also showed a dose-dependent increase in DNA damage.

Extracted PAHs caused DNA damage and arrested in the cell cycle in epidermoid carcinoma of the mouth cells (KB/C152) in vitro mechanisms. This evaluation highlights mechanisms of exposure to extracted PAHs and their detrimental health effects.

Water quality is essential for industries because they play an important role in countries’ economic development. Groundwater is one of the most widely used resources, and when the ionic constituents were increasing higher than the allowable limit, it increases the cost of maintenance and production in the industries.

In order to evaluate groundwater corrosiveness and scaling potential in Zahedan City,  29 groundwater wells and GIS-based geostatistical mapping techniques were analyzed clemically. The physicochemical parameters were invetsiagted and the most popular corrosion and scaling indices were determined as Langelier Index (LI), Aggressive Index (AI), Ryznar Index (RI), Puckorius Index (PI), and Larson–Skold Index (LS). Using ArcGIS 10.6.1 software, the zoning maps were plotted for LI, AI, RI, PI, and LS indices.

The results showed that total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) values in all of the samples exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standard. AI values of 58.62% samples showing moderate corrosiveness, and the remaining 17 samples have a scaling nature with very less corrosivity. Based on the LI values, 55.2% of samples have a corrosive nature. Concerning RI values, 59% of the samples have a corrosive tendency. According to the PI values, the entire groundwater of this region has a significant corrosive tendency, and 96% of samples exceeded the LS > 1.2, showing a high rate of localized corrosion.

The zoning and spatial analysis of water quality showed that water quality was treated for industrial purposes in the entire studied region.

2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) is a widely used herbicide known to be moderately toxic. Extensive use and poor biodegradability of 2, 4-D has resulted in its ubiquitous presence in the environment, and has led to contamination of surface and ground waters.. At present study, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were used for the sorption of 2, 4-D from aqueous solutions.. The effect of various operating parameters such as initial concentration of 2, 4-D, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and pH were investigated. Equilibrium isotherms were used to identify the possible mechanism of the adsorption process.. Maximum adsorption capacity of the SWCNTs was 979.6 mg/g at pH5, contact time 45 min, initial concentration of 5000 µg/L, and 23 ± 2 ◦C temperatures, when 97.96% of 2, 4-D herbicide were removed. The adsorption equilibriums were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. It was found that the data fitted to Langmuir (R2 = 0.9987) better than Freundlich (R2 = 0.9727) model.. According to achieved results, it was defined that SWCNTs is a quite effective adsorbent in removal of 2, 4-D from aqueous environments..