shahram ghasem baglou

The aim of this study was to investigate the relative changes in the expression levels of these genes in melanoma tumor samples.

During this study, 40 tumor samples and 40 samples of marginal tissue around the tumor were collected as control samples. After collecting RNA, the samples were extracted and the expression of the desired gene was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Differences in the expression levels of the three groups were assessed by appropriate statistical tests. In statistical tests, P<0.05 was considered significant.

The expression level of all three genes in the tumor samples was significantly different from marginal samples. In addition, the genes were significantly associated with patients’ clinical features such as metastasis and lymph node involvement.

Our findings revealed that microRNA expression can be used as a pathological biomarker in melanoma. However, it is better to perform more research in this regard among different communities with larger sample sizes.

This biomarker is effective in the early diagnosis of melanoma, causing higher survival rates in patients.

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is recognized as an essential controller of gene expression and other activities of the cells. Additionally, lncRNAs have a critical role in the progression and growth of human malignancies, like melanoma. Among lncRNAs, thymopoietin (TMPO)-antisense RNA 1 (TMPO AS- 1) has a significant role in melanoma. The current study aimed to determine the expression level of TMPO AS-1 in melanoma patients. In this case-control research, 50 pairs of tumor and non-tumor tissues of melanoma patients were separated by the surgeon. Subsequently, TMPO AS-1 expression level in the tissues was evaluated. We used TRIzol to extract total RNA from the tumor and non-tumor tissues, following which complementary DNA was synthesized. The TMPO AS-1 expression level of TMPO AS-1 was evaluated via quantitative reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technique. Moreover, clinicopathological features of the melanoma patients were evaluated. Our findings revealed that TMPO AS-1 expression level was upregulated in the melanoma tissues in comparison with the non-tumor ones. Remarkably, the TMPO AS-1 expression level was considerably correlated to the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients, including lymph nodes and distant metastasis. Upregulation of TMPO AS-1 in melanoma indicated that TMPO AS- 1 and its downstream signal pathways could be used as a new target treatment option and prognostic tumor marker for melanoma.

Statistical study of neck masses and their evaluation and treatment methods have received much attention in journals and reference books. However, due to differences in the range of diseases and diagnostic-therapeutic facilities between different countries, it is necessary to achieve differential diagnoses of neck masses in Iran through regional studies. This study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted during 2018-2019 with the participation of 203 patients referred to the ENT clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Patients with suspected neck masses underwent sampling and imaging after examination and their results were reported. In neoplastic lesions, the most involvement was in the jugulodysgastric lymphatic chain. In non-neoplastic lesions, the most common site of involvement was the anterior-middle part of the neck. In both sexes, the most common site of neck mass was in the jugulodigastric lymphatic chain, with a prevalence of 20% in men and 22% in women, respectively, with the difference that the percentage of neoplastic lesions in the area in both males and females was 36.86%, respectively and 55%. A complete and frequent clinical examination is necessary in adults who are in their fourth decade of life. FNA is the best method after the examination if the cause of the mass is not known. After eliminating the inflammatory causes, SCC is the most common pathology in men and tuberculosis in women, which is often seen in the jugulodigastric lymph chain and posterior triangle of the neck, respectively.

The main indications for tonsillectomy are recurrent infection, pre-tonsillar abscess, and obstructive sleep apnea and suspected malignancy. Incisional biopsy or Excisional biopsy is needed when a tonsillectomy is examined for suspected malignancy. According to the above, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical results and pathological findings of tonsillectomy samples in people 16 years and younger. This case control study was performed with the participation of 305 patients under 18 years of age who were candidates for tonsillectomy surgery; Samples obtained after surgery were measured using Brodsky criteria and their results were evaluated and compared with pathology results. Surgical indications for 102 patients with symmetrical tonsils, including 46 cases with chronic tonsillitis (1.45%), hypertrophy of the tonsils with obstruction in 24 cases (23.5%), and recurrent infections of the tonsils with hypertrophic palate in 32 patients (4.31). %) Was. Pathologically studied samples in the control group were reactivemphoid hyperplasia in 56 cases (9.54%), lymphoidhyperplasia with fibrosis in 24 cases (23.5%) and chronic tonsillitis in 22 cases (21.5%). Tonsillectomy with indication of chronic tonsillitis and recurrent tonsillitis in patients who are otherwise normal examination is secondary to benign hyperplasia or anatomical factors. Therefore, the presence of asymmetry without suspicious appearance factors and significant signs and symptoms and progressive enlargement of the tonsils and concomitant adenopathy and a history of malignancy or immunodeficiency do not suggest malignancy and have no diagnostic value.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the causes of death wherein thyroid hormone concentrations are abnormally altered. This study aimed to assess thyroid function tests and the effect of levothyroxine on TBI and its outcome.

In this randomized clinical trial study, the TBI group Levothyroxine (50 mg) was administered twice daily for three days; the control group received a placebo in a similar pattern. The serum levels of T3, T4, and TSH were evaluated in 100 TBI patients on days 1 and 7. A questionnaire related to Disability was assessed using both Disability Rating Scale (DRS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS version 20.

The mean levels of T3 and TSH in both groups were not significantly different. T4 levels of the patients receiving levothyroxine were significantly higher than the control group. The mean DRS scores at the time of discharge were lower in the levothyroxine group compared to the placebo group.

Our results showed that levothyroxine is effective in improving patients suffering moderate head trauma. Furthermore, the T4 serum level can be used as a prognostic factor in these patients.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed during the two years 2018-19 with the participation of 100 patients who were candidates for septoplasty surgery in the hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Some patients were given tizanidine tablets two hours before surgery and others were not given any medication; Pain intensity was compared between the two groups using t-test using visual acuity scale during the first 24 hours. Comparison of pain intensity during the first six hours after the study showed that pain intensity in patients taking tizanidine was significantly lower than in the group who did not use the drug; Comparison of pain intensity from 6 hours to 24 hours after surgery showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups participating in the study. The use of acetaminophen tablets to control pain after surgery also showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups participating in the study. Pain after septoplasty surgery is known as moderate pain; Its control and management is very important for patients and the health team. In this study, it was found that the use of tizanidine tablets can be useful in controlling pain in the early hours after surgery; But long-term rejection has no beneficial effect.

Depth monitoring of anesthesia is one of the lesser-known components of patient monitoring. In the field of limited field surgery and depth anesthesia control to evaluate the transparency of the field, no study has been done so far. Accordingly, in this study, the relationship between anesthesia depth and field transparency in limited field surgeries (nose, ears and sinuses) was considered. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted in 2018 with the participation of 91 patients who were candidates for ENT surgery at Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz. Depth of anesthesia in these patients with BSI criteria by DK-5000 Odense C device made by Danmeter-Goalwick Co. Denmark and the results were reported. In limited field surgeries such as sinus endoscopy, rhinoplasty, tympanoplasty and mastoectomy, in order to create a transparent field by monitoring the depth of anesthesia using the BSI criterion, the maximum frequency in the first and second hours of surgery to achieve this goal is 40 to 50%. BSI criterion is a suitable method for determining the depth of anesthesia in ENT surgeries that have been operated with the help of anesthetic gases (isoflurane, etc.).

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in parallel with the participation of 90 rhinoplasty patients at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Dexamethasone was injected intravenously for patients before surgery; For group B, dexamethasone was injected every eight hours after surgery, and for group A, it was injected only before surgery. Finally, the amount of ecchymosis and edema and the amount of bleeding between the study groups were compared with Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and T-tests. The degree of lower eyelid edema on the first day after surgery was significantly different in comparison with groups A and B and group C (P=0.001). On the second day after surgery, the degree of lower eyelid edema was higher in group C compared to groups A and B (P=0.001). The degree of upper eyelid ecchymosis was equal between groups A and B on the first day after surgery. And group C patients had significantly more upper eyelid ecchymosis (P=0.001). Use of a single dose of dexamethasone (8 mg) before rhinoplasty reduces edema and ecchymosis of the upper eyelid and edema of the lower eyelid in the first 48 hours after surgery and reduces ecchymosis of the lower eyelid in the first 24 hours after surgery. There is no improvement in reducing the volume of bleeding during the operation and the length of the period.

The present study was performed with the aim of Comparison of headache severity before and after rhinosinusitis surgery in patients referred to clinics in Tabriz. This prospective descriptive study was performed with the participation of 47 patients with headache due to rhinosinusitis. All patients underwent medication due to severe headache and underwent surgery due to non-response to treatment. The severity of preoperative and postoperative headache in patients was assessed. Response to overall treatment was statistically significant (P=0.005). The overall success rate of pain reduction in our study was 83%, with a complete recovery rate of 11% and a significant reduction in symptoms of 72%. 17% of cases did not show a clear change. In the first group, only half of the cases had reduced symptoms (P=0.041). In the second group, 100% reduction of symptoms, in the third group, 93% results (86% reduction of symptoms and 7% complete recovery) and in the fourth group, 100% response to treatment (60% complete improvement and 40% reduction of symptoms) Was seen (P=0.005).

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 with the participation of 120 children under the age of 15 who were candidates for tonsillectomy. Two methods were used to control the patients. One group was injected with bupivacaine at the surgical site and the other group was injected with dexamethasone. Pain intensity after surgery was compared between the two groups. Comparison of pain intensity between d. The study group rejected the study for the first 12 hours after the study and found that the pain intensity during the first 4 hours was significantly lower in the bupivacaine group than in the dexamethasone group; On the other hand, in the hours of 5 to 12 hours, the comparison of pain intensity between the two groups showed that there was no statistically significant difference; It should be noted that in both groups, the severity of pain was controllable as pain, so there was no need to prescribe another drug to control pain. The different results obtained in various researches in this field indicate that the method of injection of drugs (topical, intravenous, intramuscular) or the dose of drugs used, as well as the average age of the study groups (in children and Adults) as well as different methods of measuring pain are among the factors that can affect the results.

Since the Laryngeal polyp counts as one of the most prevalent laryngeal disorders which could burden the individual and society and lack of evidence with regard to its risk factors especially in Iran present study was carried out to determine Frequency and clinical presentations of laryngeal polyps.

In this cross-sectional analytic study, 150 patients diagnosed with laryngeal polyps who sought care at Emam Reza hospital of Tabriz from 1390 to 1396 were included. Collected data consisted of Age, Gender, Occupation, Living area, chief complaint, History of other diseases, history of vocal abuse, history of polyp in first degree relatives and habit history of patients.

Majority of participants (84.7%) were male. Thirty percent of Laryngeal polyp were in fifth decade of life. Only 30 percent of individuals declared a history of vocal abuse at some point. Hoarseness was the main complaint and one-third of patients mentioned a history of GERD. One -third of them consumed cigarettes.

Male Gender could increase the risk of developing laryngeal polyp. Age of 40-60 years and living in an urban setting could as well considered as a risk factor.

Nasal obstruction is one of the common problems of patients. The most common structural cause of it is septal deviation. Septoplasty is the third common head and neck procedure. Splint is one of the most commonly used surgical devices for septal support, prevent adhesion and accelerate mucus healing. However, some studies have shown increased incidence of epistaxis, sleep disturbances, discomfort, PND, infection and perforation in patients using splint. This study was designed to compare the complications of septoplasty with and without nasal splint.

In this study, 48 septoplasty candidates which admitted to Imam Reza Hospital during the second half of 2015 were enrolled. They were divided into two equal groups of intervention (suture) and control (splint). The two groups were evaluated for perforation, hematoma and pain, 2 weeks after surgery. All data was collected and analyzed.

The mean age of the patients was 27.65 ± 6.7 years and the sex ratio was 1:1.4. The severity of pain was lower in the intervention group (without splint) based on VAS and VRS (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of headache, sleep disturbances, epistaxis and epiphora after surgery in the two groups. Infection, hematoma and perforation of the nasal wall were not recorded in any of the studied groups.

The complications due to septoplasty in patients without splint are not more common and the amount of postoperative pain is significantly lower in these patients. Therefore, splint shouldn’t be used in patients who have septoplasty alone.