فهرست مطالب shahrouz ghayebzadeh

Non-invasive brain stimulation has been used as a tool to boost the performance in different areas of sports, however; it seems that its effectiveness depends on several variables such as individual differences and the stimulation modalities. Accordingly, 24 male Football, Futsal, Volleyball, Basketball, and Handball referees including 12 with transformational leadership styles and 12 with non-transformational leadership styles voluntarily participated in this study. Each subject visited the laboratory on 3 different occasions interspersed with 72 hours of rest in between. In each session, the impulsivity was first measured by the Go/ No Go impulsivity test and then, subjects were exposed to one of the three models of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) including Anodal, Cathodal, and Sham stimulation for 20 minutes at 2 mA intensity. After the cessation of the stimulation, the impulsivity was again measured under a similar condition. Two-way mixed ANOVA was used for statistical analysis and the results showed that there were significant differences between Anodal and sham, and Cathodal and sham stimulations on impulsivity (p=0.001; p=0.02, respectively) while, no significant differences were seen between the leadership styles on different types of stimulation. As a novel finding, these results indicated the possibility of using tDCS intervention to enhance the performance of sports referees.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different models of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on risky decision-making in male team sports referees. Twenty four Football, Futsal, Vollyball, Basketball, and Hanbal referees aged 19-38 at level 3 to national level with 2-18 years of experience voluntarily took part in this study. After the familiarization session, in a double-blind, sham-controlled crossover design, each subject visited the laboratory on three different occasions separated by at least 72 hours in between and was exposed to anodal, cathodal, and sham stimulation types over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC). Before and after each stimulation type, Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Impulsivity (IMP) Go/No Go psychological tasks were performed. The difference between the mean values of the variables (Delta) at pre and post-intervention were calculated and used for statistical analyses. The results showed that delta IGT was significantly higher in Anodal and Cathodal stimulation compared to sham stimulation (p=0.003, p=0.01, respectively). On the other hand, a significantly higher delta IMP was observed in anodal and sham stimulation in comparison with cathodal stimulation (p=0.0001, p=0.002, respectively). As a novel finding, these results indicated the positive effects of anodal stimulations over the right DLPFC in factors associated with risky decision-making in male sports referees. To conclude, these results pave the path for using tDCS as a possible strategy to boost risky decision-making in male sport referees. However, more research is needed to ascertain this conjecture.

sports facilities on various aspects of sport for all and championship sport in Kermanshah province. Methodology based on collecting data and purpose was respectively, mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and applicable. The population was faculty members of the sports management, managers and staff of the Kermanshah Sports and Youth Department, heads of sports boards, sports elites and coaches. A Purposeful sampling was used. Finally, 150 people answered the questionnaires. The instrument was researcher-made questionnaire that developed using exploratory factor analysis, 67 items in eight outcomes, in the form of, “lack of developmental and productivity programs in different aspect of sport”, “unclear the rules and regulations in the process of assigning sports facilities”, “Non-accountability of managers of sports and youth departments and heads of sports boards”, “lack of management, planning and supervision”, “negative moral, cultural and legal consequences”, “Negative social and educational consequences”,” lack of comprehensive support for various aspect of sport” and “low sport capitation and lack of hardware facilities” were categorized. Instrument reliability using Cronbach's alpha for the eight components were between 0.85 to 0.93. Confirmatory factor analysis was also used for construct validity using LISREL software. The results of this study showed that all fitness indicators of the model related to the outcome of the privatization of sports facilities on the different dimensions of sport for all and championship sport in Kermanshah province were suitable and approved the model.

The aim of this research was recognition of some obstacles in using information technology for youth and sports offices in Ardabil Province. The purpose of the research was an applied one and in terms of data collection, descriptive-analytical method conducted in the field type. The statistical population was all of the managers, deputies and Employees at the Youth and Sport offices of Ardabil Province, that Morgan sample table and using a random sampling, 115 persons were selected as sample. The instrument which had been used for measuring data was researcher- made questionnaire that the validity of questionnaire was verified by using comments of experts in sport management and the reliability of the total questionnaire was found to be (α = 0.89) according to Chronbach’s alpha. in order to analyze the data, Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis; and factor analysis was used to determine the importance of each factor and Friedman Test (for rating) are used. The results of the research show that cultural-educational obstacles, individual obstacles, technical obstacles, organizational management and planning obstacles and economical obstacles respectively have the most effect on using IT in youth and sport offices in Ardabil. Holding meetings, attracting experts of sport management with full knowledge about using IT and encourage personals to learn and use information technology are some strategies to improve information technology in the alleged offices level.

The aim of this research was study of the the relation of information technology with organizational structure and participative management from the viewpoints of employees of the department of sport and youth in northwest of Iran. The research method was correlative-descriptive and the statistical population included all the employees of department of sport and youth in northwest of Iran (East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan and Ardabil) that total number of them were 462 persons. For sample, 214 persons were selected by using clustered and random sampling method. for collect information were used from three standard questionnaires from worker's information technology (1393), Robbin's organizational structure (1995) and theoretical-participative management questionnaire for Komishani (1384). for analyze data were used from Pearson correlation coefficient and regression tests. The results showed: there is meaningful and positive relation between information technology with organizational structure and participative management from the viewpoints of employees of the department of sport and youth in northwest of Iran. also, information technology has affect on organizational structure and participatory management from the viewpoints of employees of the department of sport and youth in northwest of Iran. the results of structural equation modeling showed that the model of the relationship between information technology, organizational structure and corporate governance of the goodness of fit is good. The total result is that using Information Technology and appropriate structure with complexity, formality and right concentration makes more active participation of staff and flourishing creativity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges of implementing Clause 88 (privatization of sport facilities) in city sports. The participants of this study were 76 sport experts working in youth sport organizations in Ardabil province, Iran, and the heads of the sport departments. The present research was an applied one and in terms of data collection, descriptive-analytical method conducted in the field type. The instrument which had been used for measuring data was researcher- made questionaries distributed in a cross-sectional way among statistical population in 2014. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis; and factor analysis was used to determine the importance of each factor. The results of the study indicated that administrative challenges of the clause 88 in city sports are managing, sociocultural and legal barriers, respectively. Each of these factors were divided into sub-categories and by using factor-analysis process, priority of each of them was determined.