فهرست مطالب shima aghaei

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This review summarizes the pathogenesis and significance of serological and molecular-based assays and new methods in the diagnosis and management of HCV infection after reading this article, readers should be able to describe laboratory tests used in the diagnosis and management of HCV infection. They should also be able to describe the general principles for selecting the most appropriate laboratory test for diagnosis, therapeutic decision making, and assessment of virologic response to therapy. New methods for diagnosis of HCV virus infection could help for HCV detection and virus Genotypes in patient. Molecular methods are very sensitive and specific for RNA diagnosis and uses of this test for HCV genotypes Because HCV genotypes different response to druges.HCV genotypes detection could help for follow up treatment by interferon of patient. Keywords: hepatitis C virus, hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, molecular diagnostics

The present work was designed to determine alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity level in Fasciola hepatica parasite and Fasciola infected livers to evaluate the effects of liver infection on enzyme activity and to compare enzyme activity in liver and parasite. The sheep livers were collected and adult Fasciola hepatica parasites were isolated and washed with PBS buffer. Collected healthy and infected livers and parasite were homogenized and extract solutions were centrifuged and stored at -20°C. ALP enzymes activity was measured in the extract solution of samples. Proteins of the samples were measured and protein bands were detected through using Bradford and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) methods respectively. Independent two samples t-test was performed to determine significant difference between different groups. The mean values of the assayed ALP specific activities of infected and healthy livers and Fasciola hepatica parasite were estimated 0.163,0.133,0.048 U/mg protein/ml correspondingly. Gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of Fasciola hepatica and liver extract solution samples displayed different protein bands, including ALP enzyme. Statistical analysis did not show significant difference between enzyme’s activity in infected and healthy livers (P>0.05). However, the liver demonstrated more than ALP activity level to parasite (P