فهرست مطالب shima poorabolghasem hosseini

Physiological process of sleep is considered as one of the influential factors of human’s health and mental functions, especially in the elderly. This research aimed at studying the association between sleep quality and the cognitive functions in the elderly population.

A total of 200 elderly people (65 years and older) who were the members of retirees associa-tion in Mashhad, Iran, participated in this cross-sectional study. The participants were asked to answer the questionnaire of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Correlation between the total scores of PSQI and MoCA was evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient. In order to predict the cognitive func-tion based on different aspects of PSQI, multiple regression analysis by hierarchical method was used after removing confounding variables.

A significant association was found between PSQI and MoCA (P < 0.001, r = -0.55) suggesting that the com-ponents of use of sleeping medication (P < 0.001, r = -0.47), sleep disorders (P < 0.001, r = -0.37), sleep latency (P < 0.001, r = -0.34), subjective sleep quality (P < 0.001, r = -0.32), sleep duration (P < 0.001, r = -0.27), sleep effi-ciency (P < 0.001, r = -0.26), and daytime dysfunction (P < 0.001, r = -0.15) had significant negative correlation with cognitive function, and the four components of subjective sleep quality (P = 0.010, β = -0.15), sleep latency (P = 0.040, β = -0.13), sleep disorders (P = 0.010, β = -0.26), and use of sleeping medication (P = 0.010, β = -0.26) played a role in prediction of cognitive function in regression analysis.

Poor sleep quality, sleep latency, insomnia, sleep breathing disorder, and use of sleeping medication play a determining role in cognitive function of the elderly. Thus, taking care of the sleep health is necessary for the elderly.

  Old age is associated with the physical and psychological problems that affect the Quality of Life (QoL). This study aimed to investigate the effect of Laughter Therapy (LT) on the QoL of elderly people in nursing homes. This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with the control and experimental group and one-month follow-up conducted in 2017. The statistical population consisted of 44 elderly people in the Mehr Aein nursing home in Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh City, Iran. Based on the inclusion criteria, 32 old people were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n=16) and control (n=16) groups. The experimental group received an interventional program consisting of Madan Kataria Laughter Therapy, showing comic films, and reading comic books for one month, over 12 sessions of 100 minutes. After the end of laughter intervention, the elderly of both groups responded to the elderly quality of life questionnaire (LIPAD). The obtained data were analyzed using covariance analysis of repeated measures. There was a significant difference between the two groups with regard to their QoL (P<0.01). That is, the adjusted mean of the experimental group in the QoL was significantly higher than the mean of the control group (P<0.01). Also, in the experimental group, the mean follow-up score was higher than the mean score of the pre-test, which indicates the stability of the intervention effects after one month (P<0.01). Laughter Therapy intervention has a positive effect on improving the QoL of the elderly. Therefore, it is necessary that authorities consider this program at nursing home centers as a complementary method besides the existing treatments for reducing the mental health problems and improving the QoL of the elderly.

Old age is accompanied by impaired musculoskeletal and nervous system, which may result in low mobility and cognitive problems. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between Physical Activity (PA) and Cognitive Function (CF) among the elderly population. ?? This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 200 old people who were members of retirement clubs in Mashhad City, Iran in 2017. They were selected using purposeful sampling method. To collect data, International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tools were employed. The Pearson correlation test and hierarchical regression analysis were used to determine the relationship and predictability of CF with PA, respectively after controlling intervening variable (age). Moreover, 1-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) analysis was used to examine difference between CF scores in different PA levels. There was a positive and significant relationship between PA and CF in the elderly (r=0.63, P<0.0001). After controlling the age factor, PA was able to explain 42% of CF variance (F2,197=72.17, P<0.0001). Moreover, ANCOVA results indicated that cognitive impairment was higher in the elderly with low PA (F2,197=54.40, P<0.0001). This study showed that lower PA was associated with higher cognitive impairment and older people with moderate and high PA had better CF than elderly with low PA. Therefore, suitable physical activity should be planned for the elderly to improve their ability in performing cognitive tasks.

The results of previous research in indicated that training of increasing attention and concentration plays an important role in the learning and academic progress of students. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of focus and attention training on problem-solving skills and anxiety-exams in students.
This study is an experimental that designed as pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of this research includes the all-girl students of seventh grade of governmental schools in 2 area of Rasht city during the educational year of 2015-2016, which 30 of them where selected by randomized multistage sampling. Attention and concentration training was taught to the 15 students in experimental group in ten sessions of one month period, while 15 students of control group did not receive any special training. Both groups of control and experiment have assessed in pre-test and post-test with Cassidy and long problem solving scale and Sarason test anxiety questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the covariance method in SPSS software.
There were significant difference between two groups about problem solving skills (P=0.001) and test anxiety (P=0.001). This means that attention and focus training has been able to improve problem-solving skills and reduce test anxiety in students of experimental group.
Strengthening attention and focus as one of the main aspects of reducing student's stress and increasing their mental efficiency should be seriously addressed by psychologists and educational instructors.

Pain associated with undesirable health status and can reduce the hope in the elderly’s life appears to be one of the most abundant symptoms reported by the aged. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of laughter therapy on the hope and pain intensity in residents of the nursing homes in Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, Iran. This research was a quasi-experimental of pretest-posttest and control group with a one-month follow-up design. The statistical population consisted of all the aged who resided in nursing homes in Astaneh Ashrafieh. Selected among 44 residents in the MehrAein nursing home were statistical samples. Based on the inclusion criteria, 32 elderly were selected and randomly assigned into experimental (n=16) and control (n=16) groups as participants. The experimental group received an interventional program consisting of Madan Kataria's laughter therapy, playing comic movies, and reading comic books for one month, in twelve 100-minute sessions. Filled out by participants in pre-test post-test phases were General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier), Adult Hope Scale (Snyder) and Visual Analogue Scale (Woodforde & Merskey). The follow-up phase was conducted one month after the end of intervention. Having been processed through the Repeated Measures Analysis of Covariance, the results demonstrated that there is a significant difference between experimental and control groups in the post-test and follow-up phases in terms of the adjusted mean of hope and pain intensity scores ‌(P<0.05). Concerning the results, it can be mentioned that laughter therapy seems to be effective on the hope and pain intensity. Therefore, laughter therapy is necessary to be considered as one of the non-pharmacological complementary therapies to reduce the pain and increase the hope which, in turn, will improve the living conditions and purposefulness of the elderly

Dngerous behaviors in adolscents, increase the negative consequence of psychological and social. Since emotional intelligence as a set of skills can help to individual adaptability so the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence training on risk taking in the rasht city adolscent girls.
This study was quasi experimental design with experimental and control group. The statistical population of this research include adolscent girls of rasht city during the year of 2015-2016 which 54 of students from one school through rasht areas schools where selected randomly. Then, into classes of that school two class selected randomly, for providing of homogenize hypothesis. Then a group as the control group and the other group were considered as experimental. In the experimental group, the emotional intelligence training workshop was held for 12 sessions and control group did not receive any intervention. Participants before and after training responded to risk taking scale that has agreeble validity and reliability. Then, analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.
The results of covariance analysis showed that the risk-taking score of experimental group in two stages, before and after emotional intelligence training, were significant differences. The risk taking of experimental group decreased in posttest stage compared with control group (P So, emotional intelligence training can be effective in reduction of dngerous behaviors.

Test anxiety threats mental health of students and has negative effect on their educational performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of attention reinforcement training on test anxiety of girl students.
This study is as experimental that designed as pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of this research includs the all girl students of seventh grade of governmental schools in 2 area of rasht city during the educational year of 1394-1395, which 30 of them where selected by randomized multistage sampeling and placed in two group of experimental and control. Participants before and after training responded to test anxiety questionnaire that is self report instrumentation for survey of mental states and physiological experiences of person while exam, before and after it. This questionnaire has delectability validity and reliability. Attention reinforcement training was taught for 10 sessions in experimental group. One way analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.
The results of covariance analysis showed that there is significant difference in experimental group (18/73±4/68) comparing to control group (26/21±4/75) in test anxiety questionnaire after implementation of attention reinforcement training (P The results showed that attention reinforcement training influence on reduce of test anxiety. Due to influence of test anxiety on educational performance, mental health and educational progress of students and role of attention on teaching and learning, presentation of this program is necessary.