shoaib bahman

The Ukraine crisis is considered a reflection of systematic and organized conflicts that have accumulated between Russia and the West during the years after the collapse of the Soviet Union. At the same time, the war in Ukraine can be seen as the manifestation of the conflict between the great powers over the formation of the future world order. Despite the fact that Western countries tried to put the Kremlin under severe pressure by using the option of sanctions after Russia's military attack on Ukraine, they ultimately failed to change Russia's attitude. In the meantime, the passage of time has shown that the imposition of economic sanctions against Russia can act as a boomerang whose consequences will also affect the western countries themselves. The great economic dependence between Russia and European countries on the one hand, and at the same time Russia's potential reaction and the imposition of reciprocal sanctions that can emerge in areas such as energy, will confront Western countries with greater risks, which will bring the world to the worst point of It is time to end the Cold War. Therefore, it is very important to check the effectiveness of sanctions and also the status of sanctions in the scenarios facing the war in Ukraine.

Especially by taking the conflicts between Iran and Israel in to account, Russia's return to the Near East and its acts on the Syrian crisis has raised serious questions about regional role-playing of this country. Actually, having appropriate relations both with Iran and Israel at the same time is one of the most complicated issues in Moscow’s foreign relations. Therefore, the present discussion is to answer the question that “how has Russia managed the issue of Iran-Israel conflict in its regional acts?” The findings as mentioned some below assert that Russia has not paid much attention to Israeli’s demands toward following issues: continuing the relation and cooperation with Iran, positive attitude toward Iran’s regional influence, cooperation with Hezbollah, and military presence in Syria in favor of Assad's government.

Russia has embraced different ideas and perspectives regarding the world. Some of these ideas have been practiced over the past years and others have not been tested yet. Meanwhile, it sounds that in recent years, the idea of “ Eurasian Orientation” which takes a balanced view of East and West, has become the dominant approach and tendency in Russian foreign policy. This sentiment has grown so fast that nowadays one can bring up “New Eurasian Orientation” along with the traditional and classic Eurasian Orientation. New Eurasian Orientation that holds some differences with the classical Eurasian orientation has managed to design different perspectives for the Russian foreign policy that each perspective can be influential on the Future of Russia, regional developments and even on the international system. Consequently, the researcher in this paper intends to evaluate different aspects and dimensions of New Eurasian Orientation and how it links with Russian foreign policy.

Russia and Turkey relations have undergone an increasing development and growth; and contrary to the cold war era, in which Turkey and Soviet Union relations were defined by ideologic principles, in recent years, economical, political and geopolitical interests, as well as globalization requirements, play the major role in these relations; to an extent that the relations of Russia and Turkey can be divided into two phases of before and after supremacy of Putin in Russia and the AKP Party in Turkey. Undoubtedly, taking the turn and different direction in the two countrie's foreign policies has been due to several important and fundamental reasons; and the current article sets out to present and evaluate the factors causing expansion of such relations.

Relations between Iran and the Russian Federation in the contemporary have been under the in Fluence of international system, especially by the great powers of the system; so that relations between the two countries after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Regardless of the United States is not possible. Although some argue that America has no effect on relation between Tehran and Moscow defined on the basis of geographical factories and bilateral cooperation. But from the perspective of others America has decisive role in Iran and Russia relations but historical record show that united states wants reduction and destruction this relationship. however; this article wants analyses the subject above and answering this fundamental question that “what is the America’s role in the convergence and divergence between Iran and Russia?"Have an important role in relations between Iran and Russia. America’s action sometimes is causes converge and diverge between Tehran and Moscow.

Syria's crisis has created an international terrorism type and present are there jihadists from Eurasian countries. These terrorists with salafi-wahabi trend have gone to Syria from Russia and Central Asia Caucasus, and are supporter of the policy of al-Qaeda. It is likely that these international terrorists and organized, after Syria go to another country or region and in there also carry out terrorist acts. This issue has become to potential danger for Russia and Central Asia and the Caucasus countries. So this paper seeks to answer to this fundamental question is that "given to future of Syria crisis what are the challenges and security implications for Eurasia?" The results of this study indicate that the Syrian crisis will face Eurasia region with insecurity challenges due to the return of militants to their countries, transport chaos and separatist tendencies, increasing influence of international terrorism sponsors and the American military presence in Central Asia and the Caucasus.

Schools play strong role in the process of political sociology and the transition of cultural values to the next generations. This function of school could lead to the reproduction of existing political system and internalization of nation’s values، principles and goals. Schools also play significant role in the public participation، higher legitimacy of political system، the preservation of public and individual identity and the social capital for the support of political system. Hence، it is tried in this article to study the role of school in the reproduction of existing political system.