فهرست مطالب shohreh ghorban shiroodi

The family is the first and most unique social institution and the health and well-being of a society is owed to the health and satisfaction of its members (1). The most prominent factor in the collapse of the family is the damage called divorce, which has devastating effects on the individual, the family and the community. Divorce may take place formally or legally or informally when the couple cohabites without intimacy and interest (2). Divorce is no longer an individual problem. Rather, it is a multi-stage process that is significant not only in terms of its effects on spouses and their children, but also because of its negative effects on society and the economy in general (7). In fact, emotional divorce is "the last step in a marriage." The rate of emotional divorces in the country is twice that of formal divorces. No action has been taken in relation to emotional divorce at home and abroad, and usually most actions are based on the emotional and emotional pressures of couples after divorce. The most important cause of divorce is the irresponsibility of the spouse (husband and wife) and the lack of adaptive skills (12). One of the factors that can affect general health and consequently the stability of married life is cognitive fusion (14). Cognitive fusion with misinterpretation and misinterpretation of couples can be a hidden factor for the expansion of married life. Cognitive fusion is a cognitive and social concept and confuses the person so much that after a while it is considered as a correct interpretation of personal experiences and can be distinguished from the real experiences of the person (15). One of the most important ways to form a cohesive family is family education, and if the teachings are appropriate to the knowledge of individuals and attractive, it can provide the necessary information transfer (21). Imagotherapy (communication imagery) is a paradigm that enhances couples' communication, corrects developmental stabilization, improves childhood injuries, increases differentiation from the other side, and also restores contact between them. Imago is a communication model of couple therapy in which behavioral and emotional interventions And uses cognition to facilitate understanding and inner change in couples. The goal is to revive the spiritual and emotional connection between couples to create a new goal for their marriage (22). Imagotherapy perspective believes that developmental stages in childhood, especially the child's early relationship with parents, affect their marital relationship during marriage (23). Other theorists have also attempted to explain family functioning. One of the most famous theorists in this field is schema therapy. Schema is a concept in cognitive psychology that examines how people think, perceive and process, and how they remember information (26). Schema therapy emphasizes cognition, emotion, behavior, parenting styles, parental message, attachment styles and unmet needs and the basic family system of the couple in the onset and continuation of marital problems and the role of the individual on the continuation of these problems in the present time. Emphasis on the relationships that exist in the present and its relationship to childhood and the emotions we have experienced in the past.Among the factors affecting the mental health of human beings, the family has a very important role, many mental and behavioral abnormalities of human beings are rooted in the family. Emotional divorce makes the couple sick and the children of the family suffer the most. Prolonged coldness of the relationship can cause depression and isolation of couples and mental disorders in them or lead to a series of infidelities that will cause serious harm to the family and society. Recognizing the symptoms and problems that lead to emotional divorce can be the first step to change. And identifying therapeutic interventions that improve couples' interpersonal relationships is clinically and theoretically important.
The main purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and imago therapy training on cognitive fusion in emotional divorce.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest and follow-up (quarterly) design with a control group. The statistical population of this study was the people who referred to Shahid Mofteh Judicial Complex in the west of Tehran in 2019. Purposeful sampling was used in this study. 137 clients who had referred to this branch to file a marriage complaint or request for divorce were selected according to the inclusion criteria and willingness to participate in the study. Then 101 people were initially evaluated according to Cochran's formula by the Emotional Divorce Questionnaire. After the number of clients reached the desired volume based on experimental theories, at least 15 people were considered for each group, and 45 people were randomly assigned to one of three groups: schema therapy, imago therapy, or control group. Interventions in two groups of schema therapy and imago therapy were held in parallel during 12 sessions of 90 minutes in groups and weekly. In order to analyze the hypotheses, multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test with repeated measures were used. In these analyzes, the effect of the control variable was removed from the dependent variable and then the groups were compared with each other. Data collection tools were demographic data sheet, Guttman (1997) Emotional Divorce Scale and Cognitive Fusion Scale (CFQ).

The results showed that no significant difference was observed between the groups in the pretest. But in post-test and follow-up, there was a significant difference between cognitive fusion in the schema therapy and imago therapy groups with the control group at the level of p <0.01. There was no significant difference between the two treatments and schema therapy. The results were stable at the stage.

According to the results, I can use two types of schema therapy and imago therapy on cognitive fusion in people involved in emotional divorce.We believe that the effectiveness of schema therapy is due to structural changes in the patient's personality, which is the goal of any schema therapist, and not only because of symptom improvements as a result of structural changes, but also due to initial emotional irregularity due to maladaptive regulatory strategy. Pathologies), gives way to emotional regulation (adults). Schema therapy and the need for new therapies, which can bring complete recovery to patients, will be a powerful boost to the study of new clinical applications of this model (34). Imago therapy training promotes dialogue between spouses, increases self-understanding and understanding of spouses, understanding of one's own childhood and spouse's childhood, as well as self-confidence (46).The present study, like other researches in the field of behavioral sciences, has faced limitations. Available sampling method Instead of non-random sampling, use self-reporting tool that can be considered as an internal interfering variable. schema therapy and imago therapy can be used to reduce the effect of rejection sensitivity and imago therapy can be used to reduce the variable of love addiction in people involved in emotional divorce.

The family is the first and most unique social institution and the health and well-being of a society is owed to the health and satisfaction of its members (1). The most prominent factor in the collapse of the family is the damage called divorce, which has devastating effects on the individual, the family and the community. Divorce may take place formally or legally or informally when the couple cohabites without intimacy and interest (2). Divorce is no longer an individual problem. Rather, it is a multi-stage process that is significant not only in terms of its effects on spouses and their children, but also because of its negative effects on society and the economy in general (7). In fact, emotional divorce is "the last step in a marriage." The rate of emotional divorces in the country is twice that of formal divorces. No action has been taken in relation to emotional divorce at home and abroad, and usually most actions are based on the emotional and emotional pressures of couples after divorce. The most important cause of divorce is the irresponsibility of the spouse (husband and wife) and the lack of adaptive skills. One of the barriers to marital problems and incompatibility, such as emotional divorce, is love addiction (10,11). Although, at present, love addiction has not yet found its place in psychiatry, there is now a greater understanding of behavioral addiction in the mental health literature (14). What is a missing link in the effects of emotional divorce can be a spouse with a high sensitivity to rejection that leads to marital bondage. Sensitivity to rejection is defined as anxious expectations of rejection, a state of defensive expectation. For quick understanding, it is a strong reaction to rejection that can be a potential barrier to conflicts in intimate marital relationships between spouses. Sensitivity to high rejection in one or both spouses can lead to personal discomfort as well as maladaptive behaviors that can damage the marital bond (15).
One of the most important ways to form a cohesive family is family education, and if the teachings are appropriate to the knowledge of individuals and attractive, it can provide the necessary information transfer (17). Imago is a couple therapy approach, developed by Hendrix to improve the quality of a couple's relationship (18). Schema therapy is also a relatively new treatment method for the treatment of chronic and persistent disorders (22). Schema examines how people think, how they perceive and process, and how they remember information. Inconsistent schemas lead to bias in the interpretation of events (23). Among the factors affecting the mental health of human beings, the family has a very important role, many mental and behavioral abnormalities of human beings are rooted in the family. Emotional divorce makes the couple sick and the children of the family suffer the most. Prolonged coldness of the relationship can cause depression and isolation of couples and mental disorders in them or lead to a series of infidelities that will cause serious harm to the family and society. Recognizing the symptoms and problems that lead to emotional divorce can be the first step to change. And identifying therapeutic interventions that improve couples' interpersonal relationships is clinically and theoretically important. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the comparison of the effectiveness of schema therapy and imago therapy approaches on sensitivity to rejection and love addiction in emotional divorce.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest and follow-up (quarterly) design with a control group. The statistical population of this study was the people who referred to Shahid Mofteh Judicial Complex in the west of Tehran in 2019. Purposeful sampling was used in this study. 137 clients who had referred to this branch to file a marriage complaint or request for divorce were selected according to the inclusion criteria and willingness to participate in the study. Then 101 people were initially evaluated according to Cochran's formula by the Emotional Divorce Questionnaire. After the number of clients reached the desired volume based on experimental theories, at least 15 people were considered for each group, and 45 people were randomly assigned to one of three groups: schema therapy, imago therapy, or control group. Interventions in two groups of schema therapy and imago therapy were held in parallel during 12 sessions of 90 minutes in groups and weekly. In order to analyze the hypotheses, multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test with repeated measures were used. In these analyzes, the effect of the control variable was removed from the dependent variable and then the groups were compared with each other.

The results showed that no significant difference was observed between the groups in the pretest. But in the post-test and follow-up, there was a significant difference between the mean of love addiction and rejection sensitivity in schema therapy and imago therapy with the mean of the control group at the level of p <0.01. Imago therapy approach was more effective in the love addiction variable than the rejection sensitivity variable in the schema therapy approach.

The results showed that schema therapy and imago therapy have a significant effect on sensitivity to rejection and love addiction compared to the control group in people involved in emotional divorce. Comparison of the two treatments showed that there was no significant difference between the mean of the rejection sensitivity variable by schema therapy and the mean of the imago group. It also showed that there is a difference between the effectiveness of schema therapy and imago therapy in reducing the variable of love addiction and this difference was in favor of the imago therapy group. The results in the follow-up phase are stable. We believe that the effectiveness of schema therapy is due to structural changes in the patient's personality, which is the goal of any schema therapist, and not only because of symptom improvements as a result of structural changes, but also due to initial emotional irregularity due to maladaptive regulatory strategy. Pathologies), gives way to emotional regulation (adults). Schema therapy and the need for new therapies, which can bring complete recovery to patients, will be a powerful boost to the study of new clinical applications of this model (34). Imago therapy training promotes dialogue between spouses, increases self-understanding and understanding of spouses, understanding of one's own childhood and spouse's childhood, as well as self-confidence (46).  According to research, love addiction seems to be abundant in people who have an insecure attachment style as a child and have a dependent personality and abandonment-instability schema. In fact, it is the prominent role of childhood that can have a significant impact on the creation of early maladaptive schemas as well as the creation of dependent characters and as a result addiction to love and emotional relationships in adulthood. Sensitivity to rejection often leads to distortions and misinterpretations of one's spouse's actions. Rejected children are also more likely to behave aggressively. People who experience high levels of rejection sensitivity experience greater levels of psychological anxiety if rejected. In fact, people addicted to love typically lose interest in activities outside of romantic relationships such as close friends, hobbies, and sports. And experience academic or work difficulties due to lack of focus on other areas of life (47). The present study, like other researches in the field of behavioral sciences, has faced limitations. Available sampling method Instead of non-random sampling, use self-reporting tool that can be considered as an internal interfering variable. schema therapy and imago therapy can be used to reduce the effect of rejection sensitivity and imago therapy can be used to reduce the variable of love addiction in people involved in emotional divorce.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of commitment-based education and acceptance on blood sugar levels and health-related quality of life in women with type II diabetes. The statistical population included all diabetic women referred to the endocrinology department of Imam Hossein Hospital located in Tehran in the fall of 1400. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre- and post-test and follow-up with the control group. The available sampling method (30 diabetic women) was selected and randomly divided into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The pre-test stage, the Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire Scale and the fasting blood sugar test were performed. Then the experimental group was trained for 8 sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention and at the end both groups underwent post-test and follow-up period (3 months). Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis of covariance for health-related quality of life and repeated measures analysis of variance was used to measure fasting blood sugar. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups after the training. Thus, the mean score of health-related quality of life in the experimental group increased compared to the control group and the fasting blood sugar level decreased (P <0.001).

Cancer is associated with psychological pressure and negative emotions. Therefore, identification and application of psychological therapies can be effective in the prevention and improvement of psychological pressure and problems in the patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on cancer-related fatigue and self-care behaviors in patients with breast cancer. 

This was a pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental study with a control group, and its statistical population included all women with breast cancer referring to nongovernmental oncology center of Urmia in 2020. 30 women with breast cancer (15 in the experimental group - 15 in the control group) were selected by convenient sampling method. Our inclusion criteria included female patients with breast cancer, , minimum age 40 and maximum age 60 years, in the phase 1 and 2 of the disease, undergoing chemotherapy, and disease duration of at least 6 months and having diploma as minimum certificate in education. The patients randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Okoyama Cancer Fatigue Questionnaire (2000) and researcher-made self-care behaviors questionnaire were used to collect data. The experimental group received 12 sessions of Leahy's emotional schema therapy (2002). Every session lasted 90 minutes. Data analysis was performed using multivariate covariance test.

The mean age of the participants was (56.36) with standard deviation (8.09). The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that the mean scores of cancer-related fatigue and self-care behaviors after implementation of emotional schema therapy were significantly different in the experimental group compared to those in the control group. This means that emotional schema therapy reduced cancer-related fatigue and improved self-care behaviors.

  According to the results of this study, emotional schema therapy is effective in reducing cancer-related fatigue and improvement of self-care behaviors in the women with breast cancer.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders that reduce the quality of life of patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment to disease severity, quality of life, and psychological well-being of patients with IBS.

The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and 4-month follow-up. The statistical population included 160 patients with IBS referred to a subspecialty gastroenterology clinic in Rasht from September 2019 to February 2020. Using purposeful sampling method, 60 patients were selected based on the diagnostic criteria of Rome III and the opinion of the treating physician. They were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control, each including 30 people. Data collection tools were Rome III diagnostic criterion, Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms Severity Questionnaire, Quality of Life Short Scale, and Psychological Well-Being Scale. Also, the acceptance and commitment group therapy intervention was performed in 8 sessions of 90 minutes (one session per week) according to Hayes and Strosahl instructions. Data were analyzed using a univariate analysis of covariance by SPSS software version 22.

The mean (SD) age of participants in the experimental group was 38.5 (7.7) and in the control group was 39.6 (8.1). The results showed that the mean (SD) severity of symptoms in the experimental group was 183.4 (4.1) in the pre-test, which decreased to 171.4 (1.4) in post-test and 171.3 (1.5) in follow-up (P<0.001). However, the mean (SD) of the control group in the pre-test (1.8) was 179.8, which was 178.8 (1.6) in the post-test and 178.6 (1.4) in follow-up, which was not statistically significant. Also, the mean (SD) of quality of life in the experimental group was 78 (1.5) in the pre-test, which increased to 87.1 (2.6) in post-test and 86.5 (2.2) in follow-up. However, the mean (SD) score of the control group in the pre-test (1.7) was 77.7, which was 78.7 (1.7) in post-test and 78.5 (1.6) in follow-up, which was not statistically significant. The mean (SD) of psychological well-being in the experimental group was 55.7 (2.2), which increased to 69.6 (2.3) in post-test and 68.4 (2.1) in follow-up (P<0.001). However, the mean (SD) score of the control group in the pre-test was 57.2 (1.7) which was 58.8 (2.1) in post-test and 58.5 (1.8) in follow-up, which was not statistically significant.

The study showed that acceptance and commitment group therapy was effective in reducing disease severity, increasing psychological well-being, and improving the quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Therefore, this therapeutic approach can be used in the physical and mental health of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

The aim of this research was determine the relationship of academic engagement, school engagement and school belonging with academic achievement by mediated the academic achievement motivation in male students.

This study was a descriptive from type of correlation. The study population was senior male students of districts 2 and 5 of Tehran city in the academic years of 2018-19. The sample size was estimated 604 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research tools were included the academic engagement questionnaire (Fredericks et al, 2004), school engagement scale (Viga, 2016), school belonging scale (Arslan & Duru, 2017), academic achievement motivation questionnaire (Hermans, 1970) and average of the previous semester as an indicator of academic achievement. Data were analyzed with using Pearson correlation coefficients and path analysis methods in SPSS and AMOS software.

The findings showed that the mode of academic engagement, school engagement and school belonging with academic achievement by mediated the academic achievement motivation had a good fit. Also, all three variables of academic engagement, school engagement and school belonging on academic achievement motivation and academic achievement and the variable of academic achievement motivation on academic achievement had a direct and significant effect (P<0.05). In addition, academic engagement, school engagement and school belonging by mediated the academic achievement motivation had an indirect and significant effect on academic achievement (P<0.05).

According to the results to increase and promote academic achievement, it is possible to provide the basis for improving the academic engagement, school engagement, school belonging and academic achievement motivation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on self-control and flexibility of body image in obese patients. The method of this study was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of the study included all obese patients who volunteered for the sleeve and gastric bypass surgery referred to Tehran Obesity Treatment Center in 2020 from January to February. The sample of the present study included 30 patients (15 in the experimental group, 15 in the control group) that were selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The research tools included the self-control questionnaire (Tanji et al, 2004) and the body image flexibility questionnaire (Sands et al, 2013). Acceptance and commitment therapy was performed for the experimental group for 10 90-minutes sessions two days a week. The results of the multivariate analysis of covariance showed that acceptance and commitment therapy significantly increased self-control and flexibility of mental image in obese patients. It is recommended to use acceptance and commitment therapy along with other interventions to promote self-control and flexibility of mental image in obese patients.

Obesity is a complex problem that can be caused by a large number of biological, psychological and social factors. The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on self-control and flexibility of body image in obese patients volunteering for sleeve and gastric bypass surgery.

Methods and Materials: 

The method of the study was semi-experimental with pretest, posttest, and follow-up with control group design. The research population included all obese patients who volunteered for sleeve and gastric bypass surgery referred to Tehran Obesity Treatment Center in 2020 and in the period from January to February. Among them, a 30-subject sample was selected by convenience sampling and were assigned randomly in tow groups (15 subjects in each group). The experimental group received eight 90-minute sessions two days a week of compassion-focused treatment intervention, and the control group were on the waiting list. Collecting the data were gathered Tanji et al.chr('39')s self-control questionnaire (2004) and Sands et al.chr('39')s body image flexibility questionnaire (2013). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and statistical test of analysis of variance with repeated measures.

The results of repeated measure ANOVA showed the subjects of experimental group, after receiving intervention, had better self-control and flexibility of body image than subjects of control group.

Therefore, it seems that compassion-focused therapy significantly increased self-control and flexibility of body image of obese patients. Theoretical and practical implications have been discussed in this article.

Choosing an emotional partner is an important occasion that profoundly affects various aspects of life; however, many relationships fail, and people face a vicious cycle of unhealthy and harmful relationships.

This study aimed to explain the concept of re-experiencing harmful relationships.

This research is a qualitative study done with the Grounded Theory (GT) approach done using the purposive sampling method until data saturation. Data collection methods included semi-structured interviews, observations, and field notes. In this study, 8 victims of harmful relationships and 8 psychologists were interviewed. Each interview lasted 25 to 55 minutes and was digitally recorded. Data analysis was performed along with data collection by Strauss and Corbin’s constant comparative analysis. Using Lincoln and Guba criteria, the accuracy and strength of this research were confirmed.

The open coding results indicated that 47 concepts could effectively frame the pattern of re-experiencing unhealthy relationships. In the axial coding stage, the concepts were classified into 8 general categories. Finally, in the selective coding stage, the phenomenon of “harmful relationships” was extracted as a significant category. The central coding paradigm consisted of 8 key features: perceived violence, psychological symptoms, unhealthy relationship strategies, dark personality traits, emotion regulation problems, retention factors, family harms, self-breaking behaviors. Each includes subclasses with specific characteristics.

The results showed that harmful relationships are complex, dynamic, continuous, and intervened with the contextual conditions, retention factors, causal conditions, and intervening conditions. So it is necessary to develop and present psychological programs and interventions based on these problems.

The purpose of this study was to compare metacognitive therapy and its techniques (attention training, Situational attention refocusing), and acceptance and commitment therapy on the mind wandering adolescents. The research method was experimental and the statistical population included 20837 adolescent girls in second grade secondary schools of Karaj in the academic year 1396-1397. A randomized multistage cluster sampling method was used to select 70 people who had the lowest score in the amount of wandering mindedness based on the measurement tool of the wandering minds of Marazik et al. (2013). They were randomly assigned to five groups based on the criteria of the research. they got. Metacognitive Therapies, Attention training, Situational attention refocusing, (Mohamad KHani, 2013) and Acceptance and Commitment therapy (Bond, Hayes, 2014) During 10 Sessions A weekly, 90-Minute test was performed individually for experimental groups. Data were analyzed using one-way covariance analysis. The results showed that all four treatments are effective in decreasing the amount of mentally minded adolescents, and the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy is more than other treatments. This effect was also sustained in the 3-month follow-up phase.

Marital burnout and dissatisfaction and reduced intimacy is a serious threat to the survival of the marital relationship. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of group counseling based on transactional analysis on marital burnout and intimacy. The research method is semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all couples in district 2 of Tehran city in 2016 selected using the simple random sampling. A total of 40 people (20 couples) were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The subjects responded to Pines Marital Burnout Questionnaire (MBQ) (1996), Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) (1976) and Walker and Thompson's Marital Intimacy Scale (1983). Group counseling was weekly conducted with Stewart and Jones’ transactional analysis approach (2011) within 10 sessions of 60 minutes in one of the counseling centers of Tehran. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis using SPSS-22 software. Results show that there is a difference between the experimental and control groups in the scores of marital intimacy (P

Background and The theoretical foundations of hope therapy have rarely been used to improve the psychological symptoms among adolescent girls, and there are few data available about the effectiveness of group hope therapy. Present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of group hope therapy on the treatment of depression, loneliness, and self-efficacy in girl students.
The present research was experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group. The study population consisted of all tenth and eleventh grade female students who were studying in the district one schools of Rasht in 2014-2015 academic year. 200 female students were selected using random cluster sampling method and filled out Beck depression inventory  (1971), Asher loneliness (1983), and Sherer and Adams self-efficacy scale (1985) as their pretest. After scoring and screening the questionnaires, 30 students with the lowest scores were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n =15) or control groups (n =15). The control group received no intervention, while the experimental group received an eight-session (90 min/ per session) group hope therapy.
the results of univariate analysis of covariance showed that comparing to control group, experimental group scored significantly lower on depressed mood and loneliness (p .05).
Group hope therapy is an effective way to decrease depression and loneliness in female high school students. Based on these results, it is suggested that educational counselors use group hope therapy in working with students with mood disorder or loneliness.

Women  as  the  basic   and  original elements  of  society , have very determine  roles  in motivation   , jumpings  and personality  formation  and  social  behavior   in  their  own society. The search  has  been  done  for  studing  the  relation  between exciting  intelligence, understanding  sress and  satisfaction of  marriage  with the  quality  of  life and  the obstinacy  of married women  in tonekaboon small province  .  Present  search  is  a correlation  study  and 120 members  of  married  women  have  been  selected with the method  of  multi – stage  random  duster sampling.  The  instruments  of  seach consist  of  shrink ’s  exciting  intelligence questionnaires ,  kohn’s  understanding  stress  and  Intich’s  satisfaction  of   marriage. These  ins  truments  are used  for  assessing  the   quality  of  life  with  assessment  scale , the quality   of  life  in  universal  health  organization  ad  obstinacy  of   log  and  Goust  and  they  all  are  analyzed  cvith statistical  method  of pearsonioan  correlation – focal correlation  with  Spss statistical  softwares ,  and final result  is  shown  that  there is  a relationship  between  exciting  intelligence, understanding  sress  and  obstinacy  of  married women.