فهرست مطالب shohreh taj

Housing has always been a fundamental issue in rural areas. It is the most important element of the physical structure of villages, playing a key role in shaping the spatial-physical structure and construction identity of rural communities. Housing reflects how people interact with their surroundings and is shaped by the specific historical, cultural, and socio-economic conditions of each region. It represents the various economic activities, social and cultural mindsets of rural residents, the development and use of technology, and ultimately, the income and livelihoods of the population. Rural housing naturally embodies the way of life of different groups, with its patterns and functions offering insight into the spatial-temporal dynamics and prevailing trends in rural life and activities. Ardakan is one of the counties in Yazd Province, located in the northern part of the province. Administratively, it comprises three districts (Markazi, Kharanaq, and Aqda), three cities (Ardakan, Ahmadabad, and Aqda), and five rural districts (Mohammadieh, Robat, Zarrin, Aqda, and Narestan). The county seat is the city of Ardakan. According to 2019 statistics, the population of Ardakan was 97,960, making it the third most populous county in Yazd. Approximately 84% of the population lives in urban areas, with the remainder residing in rural areas. The county has 478 villages, of which 143 are inhabited and 335 are uninhabited. In recent years, through the provision of bank loans, there has been significant improvement both in terms of quantity and in the qualitative-technical aspects (such as structural reinforcement) towards sustainable development. This study aims to evaluate the impacts of rural housing improvement on the rural structure, including physical, economic, social, cultural, and environmental aspects.

The research method used in this study is descriptive-analytical, and the data was collected through surveys. The reliability of the data was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population consists of residents of rural areas (6,378 people) where the rural housing improvement plan has been implemented. A simple random sampling method was employed. To determine the sample size, Bartlett and colleagues' table was used, resulting in a selection of 209 participants as the sample population. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, correlation techniques, and multiple regression analysis.

The index of policies and programs for rural housing improvement has been analyzed based on 6 indicators. The overall mean score is 3.09, with a standard deviation of 0.728. Among the components of the index for housing improvement policies and programs, the highest average is related to the indicator of attention to rural cultural and architectural patterns (3.67), while the lowest average is related to the indicator of attention to energy consumption patterns (heating and cooling of homes) in the housing sector (2.87).The rural housing structure was analyzed across four dimensions as follows:Physical Dimension: This dimension includes 5 indicators, with an average score of 2.83. The scores range from a minimum of 2.61 for the indicator related to essential attention to water and electricity in housing to a maximum of 3.08 for the indicator concerning the selection of residential land with consideration of natural hazards (earthquakes and floods).

Economic Dimension: 

The 5 indicators selected for the economic dimension have an average rank of 2.74. Among these indicators, the highest average is for the indicator related to job creation for residents as labor in the construction process (average 3.04, standard deviation 0.979), while the lowest average is for the indicator related to access to financial and credit facilities for housing construction (e.g., obtaining loans) (average 2.57, standard deviation 1.03).

Environmental Dimension:

 For the environmental dimension, 5 indicators were used. The average rank for this dimension is 2.51. Among the indicators, the one concerning attention to productive spaces (e.g., weaving workshops, cooperatives) in housing construction has the lowest average, while the indicator related to changes in land use and encroachment on agricultural land for housing has the highest average.

Social Dimension:

 The average rank for the social dimension is 2.76. Among the 5 selected indicators, the highest average is for the indicator of life expectancy in rural areas (average 3.16, standard deviation 1.02), while the lowest average is for the indicator related to increasing motivation for staying in rural areas, thereby reducing rural-to-urban migration (average 2.39, standard deviation).

Today, housing is recognized as one of the fundamental challenges impacting rural structures. Housing is important from various dimensions, including physical, environmental, social, cultural, and economic aspects, and the effects it has on the life of rural communities. Undoubtedly, any change or development in the world quickly influences society, and one such development is the change in the type of housing. Since structures in any community serve different functions, these changes in housing structures must align with the economic, social, cultural, and environmental needs of rural communities. According to the study, among the dimensions of rural structure, the physical dimension has relatively better conditions. Pearson correlation tests revealed a significant relationship between housing improvement policies and programs and the dimensions of rural structure. This means that enhancing the quality of these policies and programs will lead to tangible improvements in the rural housing structure. The impact of the examined dimensions on the policies and programs for housing improvement is not uniform or unidirectional. There is a direct relationship between all physical, economic, environmental, and social dimensions of rural structure and the policies and programs for improvement. Among these dimensions, the physical dimension has a higher explanatory power and impact coefficient of 0.514 compared to the others in predicting policies and programs for improvement. The economic dimension ranks second with an impact coefficient of 0.160, showing greater explanatory power than other dimensions.The findings of this research are consistent with the study by Mikaniki et al. (2017) in the economic and physical dimensions, while differing in the social and environmental dimensions. Additionally, the results align with the research by Sartipipour et al. (2019) in the physical dimension. The findings also resemble the study by Giannetti et al. (2018) regarding the use of modern technologies in construction and attention to the heating and cooling of rural housing.

In order to achieve development, it is necessary for women to participate in the development process like men. One of the important points in the empowerment of individuals is income.Aim of the research: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of empowerment of women heads of households on sustainable livelihoods in rural areas of Rey city.

The present study is a descriptive-correlational study. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a group of professors and experts. The reliability of the research instrument was determined by performing a preliminary test using SPSS software and Cronbach's alpha value of 89%.Statistical population and chassis method of research: The statistical population of female-headed households is covered by the Rey County Relief Committee. Using appropriate stratified random sampling method, 313 people were selected as the sample size.

Variables whose impact on sustainable livelihood was measured; The obtained correlation coefficient (0.520) also indicates a strong and positive correlation between the two variables. This means that the higher the social empowerment of women heads of households, the higher the level of sustainable household livelihoods, and vice versa. The obtained correlation coefficient (0.557) also indicates a strong and positive correlation between the two variables.

This means that the higher the economic capacity of women heads of households, the higher the status of sustainable household livelihoods, and vice versa.

Diversifying the economy of rural settlements in developing countries has improved non-agricultural opportunities for villagers that affect the welfare of rural households. Today, the development of non-agricultural sectors and diversification of activities in villages is the solution of rural development in many societies.

Investigating the effect of diversification of economic activities on the sustainable livelihood of rural households in Malekshahi city, Ilam province.

The current research is descriptive-analytical, and applied in terms of nature. The method of data collection in this research includes library method and cross-sectional survey method. The size of the selected sample of local people in this research is 308 people, which was determined using Cochran's formula. One-sample and two-sample T-tests, Wilcoxon, regression and path analysis were used to test the hypotheses. Research data was analyzed with the help of SPSS software.

Geographical Context:

 The geographical territory of the present research is the villages of Malekshahi County, Ilam Province.

According to Friedman's non-parametric test, there is a significance level of 95% for the indicators of the role of animal husbandry and household livelihood. Through a sample T-Tech test and taking into account the outputs, he argued that from the point of view of the authorities, the development of animal husbandry was able to affect the economic situation.

The results indicate that according to the statistical tests taken from the components of the two hypotheses, both hypotheses are confirmed and these structures were able to provide sustainable livelihoods for rural households in the region, which indicates the need for re-planning in this direction.

Iran's villages have unique environmental and social contexts, and each is a treasure trove of the country's diverse cultural heritage. The village is a culturally traditional community dominated by simple culture. Habitat and climate are two man-made and natural systems that have a profound influence on each other. Climate is one of the determinants of the structure of rural housing in which patterns and activities of an area are influenced. Rural life, too, is a type of production-based and indigenous structure whose inhabitants often provide for their needs in the rural area. One of the most important is the need for shelter and a place to live. Rural buildings, especially in the past, have been a symbol of identity and represent social, cultural, economic, and climatic structures of the region. Rural housing, with its simplicity and simplicity, intuitive patterns and adaptation to the natural environment, has formed a living and social biological function that gives it a distinct identity. Rural housing by exploring the factors discussed will help to explain the structure of housing according to the needs of the people and appropriate climatic, social, economic, etc. factors.

Housing has a history of several thousand years, which has always been considered by humans to deal with atmospheric factors, nature and adaptation to it, and villages are the result of reflection between natural and human factors.Rural housing has been affected by natural factors from the past to the present, our ancestors have tried to cause the least damage to the land, but today, due to the decrease in the quality of settlements, the most damage is done to the natural environment. The purpose of this study is the effect of these natural factors on rural housing and to create an interaction between these factors and housing, to create comfort for residents.importance and place of natural factors such as humidity, temperature, wind and housing is not a new issue and rural housing should not lose its importance due to its simplicity, and become a forgotten issue, today with the advancement of technology and the attention of its predecessors, the importance and impact of this We will reveal the issue and if we do not pay attention, we will witness anonymity, reduction of the quality of physical physical spaces and irreparable damage to the natural environment in rural housing. The effect of natural factors on the formation of components, comfort and stability of rural housing is the aim of this study. Indigenous housing and construction conditions have a favorable perspective on the choice of form and architecture of sustainable rural housing that will bring comfort to residents.

communication technologies have made it possible to extract knowledge from the minds of knowledge holders, which has led to the transfer of this knowledge to rural areas and territories. Using these types of technologies, it can be considered for the villagers by prioritizing the needs, activating them, investing in infrastructure, and providing social services as an effective process in sustainable rural development. Also, if the technology is used correctly and in accordance with the needs of the community, it will have significant effects on rural social development. The problem of the present study is how information and communication technology has the necessary capability for social development in rural areas? Accordingly, the statistical population of the study includes 25 villages in the Rudbar Qasran area. The sample size of this research is 267 people. The research method in this study is descriptive-survey and the research is applied type. Also the research tools is questionnaire and observation. In descriptive and inferential methods, SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. The research indicators include reduced migration, virtual education, tendency to use the Internet and computers, increased awareness in the field of participation, and family solidarity. The results show that the development of information technology has not had a significant relationship with the social development of the village. research findings, executive solutions such as providing institutional and administrative services, increasing facilities and equipment through ICT offices in the village, communication between officials and villagers through ICT offices for social information are suggested.

Todays, communication technologies making it possible to extract knowledge from the minds of knowledge owners, which leads to the transfer it to rural areas and territories. By using of these technologies, it can be provide the knowledge of rural communities, improve and increase employment, and income of villagers in a structural framework. Also it can enable the creation of new economic knowledge by villagers. Now, the question is how information and communication technology has the necessary potential for economic development in rural areas? The statistical population of this study includes 25 villages in Rudbar Qasran area. The statistical sample was randomly selected using stratified sampling method based on the demographic traits of 5 villages (Imameh Bala, Rudak, Zaygan, Aminabad and Zardband). The sample size is 267 people. The research method of this study is descriptive-survey and the research is in applied type. Also the investigation tool is the questionnaire and observation. In both descriptive and inferential methods, SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. The results show that the development of information technology has not a significant relationship with the economic development of the village. According to the research findings, executive solutions such as providing institutional, administrative and economic services in the rural environment through ICT offices in the village, communication between officials and villagers through ICT offices for economic information are proposed.

The strategy of the creation and development of conversion industries Due to the continuous relationship between the agricultural sector, the main activities of the villagers on the one hand, and the existing facilities in the village, on the other hand, plays an important role in rural development.By using agricultural raw materials and creating employment, they increase income in rural areas. In this regard, the present study is aimed at investigating the role of conversion and complementary industries on the economic indicators of the marginal villages of industrial towns in Gorgan.Accordingly, 100 household caregivers from 20 villages were selected as sample size and randomly selected. The instrument of measurement in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was based on the experts' opinions and its reliability was calculated by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The findings of the research showed that the conversion and complementary industries have been affected by a moderate increase in the economic index of the marginalized villages in industrial towns.The results also indicated that the creation and expansion of conversion industries by increasing investment, creating new employment opportunities, providing job diversification, increasing rural incomes, increasing agricultural productivity, exporting agricultural products, increasing savings and rising prices Real estate land and real estate stock market growth has had a positive and significant relationship in the level of 99% confidence (P <0.01).

The sidewalk has a lot of social role that today, these paved passages with no car have become the best platform for spending leisure time in modern countries with outdoor restaurants and lots of benches. Therefore, as a case study, the Tehran Bazaar sidewalk, which is in the 12th district of Tehran Municipality with a daily floating population between 1-1.5 million people is studied here. The present research is applied in terms of its objective and descriptive-analytical survey. The statistical population is 380 using Cochran formula. In this regard, 260 pedestrians and 120 employees working in this area have completed the questionnaires. Data are analyzed using SPSS software. The t-test of all indices is significance with 95% confidence and less than 0.01% level. Because in all indices the value of correlation coefficient r (Pearson) is between (1 and -1), the intensity of the relationship between independent and dependent variables is positive and moderate. Results show that 72% of employees considered the activities to be appropriate and 28% of them did not consider the sidewalk space suitable for the activities due to disruption of the business. However, 93% of pedestrians considered the activities to be appropriate and only 7% of them did not want to hold any activity and use this sidewalk only because of shopping in Tehran bazaar. According to these results, it is proved that in the sidewalk with valuable texture, there is a possibility or opportunity to create facilities and activities that create a collective and public space. From the citizens' point of view, a suitable collective space has been created on the existing sidewalk, and the Bazaar sidewalk has the opportunity to create a collective and public space.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to identify ways to organize land in the southeast of the Ahar city of Varghan. This study was applied in a practical and surveyal way. The statistical population of the study area was 2868 people and among them, using the Cochran formula, 200 individuals were randomly selected and their responses were analyzed. The main tool was the questionnaire. The findings show that the average age of the exploiter in the investigated region is about 56 years old, which has mostly reached the age of adulthood. 43.5 percent of the agricultural land is less than 5 kilometers to the village center and an average of 10.5 kilometers away from the agricultural Jihad Agriculture Services. Solutions to selling scattered land around a farmer have the highest priority for organizing and preventing land fragmentation, and in the next priority, the transfer of parts to the herd is carried out jointly without permission of the plot and the transfer of land to the eldest son In order to maintain the integrity and distribution of profits among the heirs

Establishment of industrial settlements in villages has been considered by planners as a way to achieve development goals. Accordingly, industrialization can play an important role in rural development by increasing rural productivity, productivity, creating job opportunities, meeting basic needs and connecting with other sectors of the economy. Therefore, the present research seeks to answer the question that the creation and expansion of conversion and complementary industries in industrial towns of Gorgan has been able to improve the social indicators of rural areas. Accordingly, 100 household caregivers from 20 villages were selected as sample size and randomly selected. The instrument of measurement in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was based on the experts' opinions and its reliability was calculated by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. As the results showed, the creation and expansion of conversion industries in industrial cities has been largely evaluated on the social components of rural areas so, factor of increasing the migration from city to village with a correlation coefficient of 0.319 at 99% confidence level with the creation and expansion of conversion industries in the study area has a significant relationship. the creation and expansion of conversion industries in rural areas by providing job opportunities has increased the migration from the city to the villages. In other words, according to the adjusted coefficient of determination, 9.3 percent of the impact of the creation and expansion of conversion industries is on the increase of migration from city to village and is explained accordingly.

In rural areas, the language of the architectural model is more in keeping with the architectural dimensions of the native architecture. In his opinion, all the structures that have been made so far, whether they are traditional or new, all of them take shape from the languages that their makers make; this language is a structure of meaning and concept. And it will save it from the evil that comes from it. The determinants of native architecture can be considered to be the same factors (generators) of sustainable development: nature, people (society), construction and patterns. Therefore, in the present paper, it is attempted to analyze the patterns affecting the language of the rural indigenous architectural model and its impact on the sustainable development of villages. In other words, in this paper, rural housing is examined from an architectural point of view, and it comes to the point where there is a special aspect of subscription and disintegration, and there is no distinction between them. Indeed, the discovery of a direct relationship between the two (architectural look and pattern language in rural geography) is one of the purposes of this paper. The variables of this research are inherently qualitative, they do not take numerical values, but take qualitative values. However, they can be measured by methods such as ranking (a range of value ranges: the Likert spectrum against each questionnaire), and can be statistically analyzed (Hypothesis Test) - Independent Test Attributes.

Spatial justice is one of the topics that has become especially important in recent years among planners and geographers. Since urban public services are the constructs of the physical, social, and spatial nature of the city, its unfairness in its distribution has an irreversible impact on the structure, nature of the city, and the class separation of city neighborhoods and challenges urban management. Jedi has faced. By examining the inequalities in the distribution of services and identifying the spatial pattern of injustice at the city level, one can find out which services are in a more inappropriate situation, and which inequalities are more concentrated in the urban areas through this urban management. By consciously acting on the spatial distribution of public services and social benefits, reduce spatial inequality and improve driving quality. The growing population of Qarchak city is growing and the need for public utilities is increasing. Therefore, the present study, using descriptive-analytical method, using library documents and inference of field findings in the form of questionnaire compilation and distribution, has investigated the status of citizens' services and their distribution in rural areas at the study area. The findings were analyzed using Moran test and Gini method as well as T-test.

Health is one of the most important aspects of human life. Health is the pivot of development. According to the sixteenth part of the teaching of education duties, efforts to provide and improve the health of students in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Medical Education have been emphasized. The method of this research is to use the research in the form of the nature of a descriptive-analytic study. In this research, 30 elementary schools of Ahwaz were studied. These schools belong to 3 districts 1, 2 and 4 of Ahwaz, including 10 study areas in the region of 1, 6 villages in the 2nd district and 14 schools in 4th district of Ahwaz. Sampling was done by census method. The data collection tool was included in this questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed using Excel software. According to the results of this research, it can be said that perhaps the most important issue is the health and safety of the school, the increase in school budgets and the improvement of management in education, education for the health and the rural environment and increased monitoring of the health center in the form of policies Established and coordinated between the two Ministries of Health and Medical Education.

Aim of this research is to have a conceptual perception of the success rate in smartening of schools and to study consequences in the grounds of educational improvement and effectiveness of learning and teaching in individual decision making and group work skill achievements. Studied variables through this research are of independent (smartening methods) and dependent (smartening fulfillment) which literally studies the overlap of target educational centers with smartening provision. This also is in to evaluating the success rate of school smartening in motives creation for students.In this research the entire smart schools in Solegan have been studied through which the overall five school managers and fifty five instructors were questioned by interviews and questioners and the gathered information has been processed by adapting attributive and deductive statistics with the assistance of k-square distribution technique and the rest of the data processing was done through conceptual model of smart schools. The exploited results indicate that educational centers are strikingly deviated from smartening provision conducted by government and there is not elaborating relation between what has been done and improvement of tutors’ skills but fortunately at last a defining relation between smartening infrastructures and motives creations in students was found as if the existing facilities have generated attraction and lifted the education level and durability of the knowledge inculcation into students minds. It has to be mentioned that students are supposed to participate the team works, ad hoc and apprentice conferences so as to update themselves to the latest achievements.

This paper is discussing the effect of industrialization of rural areas by establishing industrial parks. most scholars believe industrial parks can create jobs and there for by increasing income level and job security decreases level of immigration to metropolitan areas. the mayami of shahrood is chosen for the field study of this paper to verify the validity of the above assumptions the research is done by co-relational or associational method using field observation and questioners handed. For analyzing the data gathered the x2 method is used and chopper of rate shows the importance of assumption and results derived from it. This research shows the industrial park had positive effect on income level of rural occupants by creating better job payments and job security. Most of working force in industrial park are from rural background

The lack of a comprehensive evaluation of the enjoyment of and relative level of rural society infrastructures of the contry based on scientific methods and relying on precise information and statistics is the most important barrier on and problem of rural plans. Science some information and statistics needed for the rural society is not subject to censuses in the demography and housing general censuses made by the Iranian center for statistics all over the contry , the indices of this research are provided based on the plan for the census of rural housing specifications made for the 1st time by the Iranian center for statistics and hosing foundation of the Islamic republic of Iran for 28 provinces of the country in summer 2003 .
208 compound indices are identified in the 1st phase of the research , then , with the objective of crediting indices by CV method, the most proper indices are classified under two behavioral and non-behavioral understanding senses, then ,using numerical Taxonomy method and Morris method and through a final combination of these two methods , the rural society of the contry has been classified under three levels: a-Combination of infrastructural , welfare, and development indices infrastructural indices, and c-welfare and development indices, in order to find out opportunities and foreign threads, then, in order to find out domestic factors, including weak and power points, the amount of the distribution of services was verified through denim method. Then, information was combined in swat method and twelve strategies were chosen. Finally, strategies were evaluated and priorities were determined based on strategy of Qualitative programming matrix (SQPM). Seven strategies were given priority one and crash program in view of thought, education, technology, and production.