siamak moayedi

Adherence of emergency medical technicians (EMTs) to a professional code of ethics is one of the most important aspects of their occupation. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of adherence to the professional code of ethics from the perspective of EMTs and their patients. This was a cross-sectional study. The inclusion criteria for patients were age between 18-65 years, willingness to participate in the study, normal mental status, being medically stable and absence of any chronic mental or psychiatric disorder. The inclusion criteria for EMTs were willingness to participate in the study, having an associate or bachelor’s degree in the medical emergency, working at medical emergency departments and management centers. The exclusion criteria were refusal to continue the study and the necessity of therapeutic intervention while completing the questionnaire. The patients were recruited by cluster sampling. For this reason, first, two hospitals were randomly selected among six hospitals in Arak, Markazi province (Arak, Iran). Then, the list of missions at each shift was extracted by referring to the emergency departments of these hospitals. Afterward, one of the missions in each shift was randomly selected. In this study, a two-part questionnaire was used for data gathering. In this first part, the demographic information of the participants was collected. In the second part, a professional code of ethics for EMTs' questionnaire, including 26 statements in 5 dimensions was used. Finally, the questionnaires were given and completed by the pre-hospital emergency personnel and the transferred patients. A total of 105 EMTs and 109 patients were randomly selected as they transported patients to the studied hospitals. From the viewpoint of patients, adherence to the professional code of ethics was rated 2% as highly desirable, 39% as desirable, 58% as moderate, and 1% as undesirable. On the other hand, the EMTs rated themselves as 59.8% highly desirable, 37.1% as desirable, and 3.1% as moderate. There was a statistically significant difference between the average score of adherence to a professional code of ethics from the viewpoint of patients versus that of the EMTs (p <0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the degrees of adherence to the professional code of ethics by EMTs from their own viewpoint versus that of the patients.

Firefighters are exposed to many different chemicals and physical hazards and experience a significant number of accidents and injuries. They are exposed to high-risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of PTSD among Iranian firefighters.

This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Valid Persian and English keywords were searched in data resources, including SID, Magiran, Irandoc, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to retrieve articles on the prevalence of PTSD among Iranian firefighters. The STROBE checklist was used to assess the quality of the articles. Heterogeneity among the studies was assessed by I2 index. The data were analyzed using Stata14 software.

Of the 316 articles selected in the initial search, 3 articles the inclusion criteria and were used for the meta-analysis. A total of 274 firefighters were studied. The prevalence of PTSD was 23.17% among Iranian firefighters (I2 = 92.4%, 95% CI = 6.71-39.62, p < 0.001).

The prevalence of PTSD is among Iranian firefighters relatively high and has been on the rise over the recent years.