فهرست مطالب simin hosseinian

The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of compassion in the relationship between emotional intelligence and the psychological well-being of adolescent girls. The research method used was descriptive correlation using structural modeling. The statistical population included teenage girls from first to third grades (second secondary) of high schools in Melair City in the academic year of 2022-2023, and 452 people were selected as the sample size by the available sampling method. The research tools included   Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (RSPWB) Riff (1989), Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) Shot et al. (1998), and Compassion Questionnaire (CS) Nas and Sack (2020). Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed the optimal fit of the research model. The results showed that emotion regulation (P=0.002) and emotion exploitation (P=0.005) as two components of emotional intelligence as well as compassion (P=0.05) have a significant direct effect on psychological well-being. However, emotional expression did not significantly affect psychological well-being (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that emotion regulation (P=0.04) has an important indirect effect on psychological well-being, but emotion exploitation and emotion expression did not show a significant indirect effect (P<0.05). These results show that compassion, considering the role of emotion regulation as a component of emotional intelligence, can explain the psychological well-being of adolescent girls.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of acceptance-commitment therapy and spiritual intelligence training on the resilience of children with cancer. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental groups and a control group and a one-month follow-up, and its statistical population consisted of children with cancer who were hospitalized in the pediatric department of Tehran medical centers in 1402, who were within the range of They were 9-13 years old. Among these people, 30 people were randomly selected and randomly divided into three groups (20 people in two experimental groups, 10 people in the control group). To collect data, Karner-Davidson (2003) resilience questionnaire was used. The intervention method was that experimental group 1, during one period, for 8 sessions, two sessions a week and each session for 45 minutes, exposed to the independent variable (commitment and acceptance-based therapy group training) and experimental group 2, during They were exposed to the independent variable (spiritual intelligence group training) for one period, for 8 sessions, twice a week and each session lasted 45 minutes. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential (within-group analysis of variance with repeated measurement on the factor of measurement steps (pre-test-post-test-follow-up) and block multivariate analysis of variance) were used on spss-23 software. The results of the present study showed that the treatment based on acceptance-commitment and spiritual intelligence training has an effect on the resilience of children with cancer, and there is a difference between

The purpose of this study was to formulate a psychological self-care educational model and its effectiveness on emotional self-regulation of vulnerable adolescents in Tehran.Research research method was mixed of exploratory type. In the qualitative part, the narrative research method was used, and in the quantitative part, the semi-experimental design of pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group was used. The research population consisted of teenage girls . The research tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part, and in the quantitative part, excitement-seeking questionnaire was used. After developing the psychological self-care training model, the subjects of the experimental group were exposed to the intervention . The data was analyzed using Mixed variance analysis method. In the qualitative investigation of the phenomenology of self-care components after coding the categories, five main themes of intrapersonal mental self-care capacities, interpersonal psychological self-care, self-care evaluation, facilitators and threats of self-care, and psychological self-care strategies were counted. In the quantitative part, the results of the data analysis indicated that there is a significant difference in the scores of the emotional self-regulation variable in the intervention group between the pre-test and post-test stages and the pre-test and follow-up stages; However, no difference has been observed between the average scores of the research variables in the post-test and follow-up. , the educational model of psychological self-care focusing on self-efficacy, source of control, emotion regulation and problem solving leads to the improvement of emotional self-regulation of vulnerable teenagers.

The Sources of Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale, Malaysia (SCSE-M) is a self-report scale that measures self-efficacy with a focus on how counselors work with 25 items; however, this scale has not been investigated and psychometrically evaluated in Iranian society. The aim of the current study was, in the first step, to translate this scale from English to Persian and then to determine its psychometric properties in Iranian samples. The survey sample consisted of 297 of his 1400 Tehran city counselors, selected in a Convenience non-random sampling, and they responded to the research tools including Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (2020), General Self-Efficacy Scale (1995), Deiner Flourishing Scale (2010), and Counselors Self-Efficacy Scale (2009). The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. According to the findings, face validity, content, and structure showed the appropriate validity and reliability of this tool. We used the combined reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient to assess the reliability and internal consistency of the Counselor Self-Efficacy Resource Scale, and the results showed that this scale has good internal consistency and composite reliability. Finally, the analysis of the correlation matrix related to the variables of the study showed that the Counseling Self-Efficacy Resource Scale had a positive and significant correlation with the general self-efficacy scale (GSE-10), Deiner Flourishing Scale, Counselors Self-Efficacy Scale, age and activity experience (p<0.01). The results of the present study demonstrated that this scale has favorable statistical properties in Iranian samples and can be reliably used in Iranian samples to assess self-efficacy in counseling.

 This study aimed to validate the Persian version of the Relationship Flourishing Scale (RFS) on a sample of married Iranian students.

 The study was descriptive-correlational and applied in nature. The sample consisted of 352 individuals (89% female), selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. The data collection tools included the Fowers et al.'s Relationship Flourishing Scale (2016), Adams et al.'s Sexual Mindfulness Questionnaire (2015), and the short form of Booth et al.'s Marital Instability Questionnaire (1989). Data analysis was performed using SPSS26 and AMOS24 software, utilizing descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis (Cronbach's Alpha, Pearson correlation, and construct validity and reliability).

 The results of the confirmatory factor analysis were satisfactory, confirming the psychometric properties of the Relationship Flourishing Scale. The factor structure of the questionnaire, consisting of four factors (having meaning, shared goals, personal growth, and being in a relationship), was validated. Cronbach's Alpha calculated for the overall questionnaire was 0.83, and for the factors having meaning, shared goals, personal growth, and being in a relationship, it was 0.82, 0.83, 0.89, and 0.80 respectively, confirming the construct reliability. Fit indices (GFI = 0.90, NFI = 0.92, CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.91, CMIN/df = 4.92) were within acceptable ranges, and construct validity was confirmed.

 The factor structure of the original English version of the Relationship Flourishing Scale was replicated, and satisfactory internal reliability was found. Consequently, the translated Persian version of the Relationship Flourishing Scale can serve as a valid tool for assessing the quality of marital relationships in research and clinical settings within the Iranian community.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of unified transdiagnostic and short-term psychodynamic treatments on the spiritual health of women affected by marital infidelity.

Methods and Materials:

 A quasi-experimental design using a pretest-posttest-follow-up with a control group was employed. The population included women affected by marital infidelity in Jam city during the first six months of 2022, and the sample consisted of 45 eligible and volunteering individuals who approached a social studies counseling center. These women were initially assessed and selected for the pretest, then randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (15 per group). The short-term psychodynamic group received 12 sessions and the unified transdiagnostic group underwent 8 sessions of individual therapy, while the control group was placed on a waiting list. After the treatment sessions, a posttest and a two-month follow-up testwere conducted. The Spiritual Well-Being Scale by Paloutzian and Ellison (1982) was used, along with multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 26 to test the hypotheses.

Both treatments were effective in enhancing the spiritual health of women, with the unified transdiagnostic treatment being more effective compared to the short-term psychodynamic therapy, and this effectiveness was sustained over time. (P<.05)

Given the effectiveness and the differences in the impacts of unified transdiagnostic and short-term psychodynamic treatments on the spiritual health of women affected by marital infidelity, it is recommended that these treatments be considered in their counseling.

The Ethical and Legal Issues Self-Efficacy in Counseling (ELICSES) has been developed to evaluate counselors' and psychologists' self-efficacy in ethical and legal issues. Psychometric properties of the ELICSES in Iranian counselors and psychologists remain a largely unexplored realm. The present study, therefore, seeks to translate the scale from English to Persian while also investigating the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the ELICSES. Online sampling was utilized to collect data from four hundred and forty-seven counselors, psychologists, and trainees who participated in the study. Ethical and Legal Issues in the Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale and Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale were used in the study. The results of face (all items earned greater than 1.5 except one item (1.2)), content (overall CVI > 0.79, CVR > 0.62), and construct validity (CMIN=3.65, CFI=0.922, RMSE=0.45; also AVE> .5 and CR> .7) indicated that the ELICSES held appropriate validity and reliability. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirm the three factors of the ELICSES among Iranian counselors, psychologists, and trainees. These results suggested the validity and reliability of the ELICSES in evaluating self-efficacy when it comes to ethical and legal issues among Iranian counselors, psychologists, and trainees

Today, young people suffer from mental health problems due to the pressures and challenges that are likely to occur during their student days, so it is very important to recognize mental health problems and the factors that affect them.This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the moderating role of mindfulness in the relationship between addiction to social networks and social-emotional health in students.
 
The method of the present research was correlation of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research was all undergraduate students of Al-Zahra University in 1402-1401 and the sample size of the research was estimated at 302 people. The data of the research was collected using questionnaires for addiction to social networks by Ahmadi, Poladi and Bahraini (2015), social-emotional health by Furlong, Shishim and Dowdy (2017) and Freiburg mindfulness short form by Walach, Buchheld, Buttenmüller, Kleinknecht, & Schmidt (2006).
 
The results showed that there was a significant relationship between addiction to social networks and social-emotional health (β=-0.62, P=0.001), also between mindfulness and addiction to social networks (β=-0.85, P=0.001) and on the other hand, between A significant relationship was also observed between mindfulness and emotional-social health (β=0.3, P=0.001). The results also showed that there was a significant relationship between addiction to social networks and social-emotional health considering the moderating role of mindfulness.  
 
The research indicates that mindfulness plays a critical role in decreasing behavioral addictions, such as those related to social networks, while also improving social-emotional well-being. This highlights the potential for mindfulness to be a key component in preventive programs aimed at enhancing mental health in society.

Extramarital relationships are one of difficulties and problems that are always considered a threat to spouses and one of the most important family and social harms during life. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment unified and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy in eudaimonic well-being in women affected by marital infidelity. A semi-experimental research method and a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design were used with a control group. The statistical population included all the women affected by marital infidelity in the city of Jam in the first six months of 2022 and the statistical sample consisted of 45 eligible and volunteer affected women who referred to the consulting center of Pazargad Non-Industrial Operations Company. These people were selected after initial evaluation were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (transdiagnostic treatment unified and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy) and a control group (15 people in each group). Then, the intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy of 12 sessions and the transdiagnostic treatment unified group of 8 sessions underwent individual treatment, and the control group was placed on the waiting list. After the end of the treatment sessions, a post-test and a follow-up test were conducted after two months. The instrument for measuring was Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being (Waterman et al. 2010). Multivariate covariance analysis and SPSS-25 software were used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that transdiagnostic treatment unified and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy were effective in increasing eudaimonic well-being, and transdiagnostic treatment unified was more effective than intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy and this effect is permanent over time (P<05). Transdiagnostic treatment unified and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy therapies are effective in increasing the virtue-oriented well-being of affected women and can be used in their counseling.

The present study aimed to develop a native scale for measuring successful transition from university to work based on the researchers' database and to examine its psychometric properties.  The research employed a descriptive test-making approach. A sample of 436 final-semester undergraduate students from Isfahan University was selected using convenience sampling. Item analysis, content, face, simultaneous criterion validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were utilized to assess the factor structure of the scale, while Cronbach's alpha coefficient and retest reliability were examined for its reliability.  Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor, 9-item structure with good fit indices. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the validity of the scale. Convergent validity was supported by significant positive correlations between the scale dimensions and the career employability scale and the career decision-making self-efficacy questionnaire. Divergent validity was confirmed through correlations between the scale dimensions and the career indecision questionnaire. Internal consistency, as measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, was high at 0.89, indicating good reliability. The retest coefficient, conducted with a two-week interval, was 0.86. These results supported the adequacy of the measurement scale for assessing successful transition from university to work.  The native successful transition scale presents a new and reliable tool for measuring students' successful transition from university to work.

Of particular global concern is the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. All Persian versions of COVID-19 measures assess the intrapsychic aspects of it, and there is a crucial need to measure the intergroup aspects of this pandemic. The current study aims to validate the Persian version of COVID-19 attitudes and behaviors in the Iranian sample. The participants included 250 people from all over Iran in cyberspace who were selected availability (177 men and 73 women). They voluntarily participated in the study by filling out questionnaires that were made available through Google Forms and then disseminated online. The ACAB scale had satisfactory reliability and validity according to content, face, and construct validity tests except for the first subscale (social distancing adjustment). Consequently, confirmatory factor analysis supported the ACAB with 12-item and three subscales. Therefore, three subscales remained, including self-prioritization, prosocial behaviors, and belief in conspiracies, and social distancing adjustment was eliminated because the factor loading values of its items were less than 0.4. Results indicated that the ACAB is a reliable and helpful tool in research, especially for governmental surveys to understand why people do not cooperate in vaccination or prosocial behaviors.

Intervening factors can lead to a decrease or increase in the vulnerability of women after divorce. This study aims to know the intervening factors in the vulnerability of women after divorce. Using a qualitative method, based on a content analysis approach, conventional content analysis, and heterogeneous purposive sampling, were conducted through semi-structured interviews with 35 divorced women. Triangulation was done by three different methods observation, interview, and study of divorce literature. According to the findings, 2 main themes, 5 categories and 25 subcategories were identified. The results showed that, in general, individual and extra-individual intervening factors have an effect on the vulnerability of women after divorce. While it may not be possible to address all contributing factors, one significant aspect that can be addressed through psychological intervention is the role of the woman's family. By raising awareness about the stressful impact of divorce and promoting a culture where parents seek counseling to better support their daughter post-divorce, the severity of women's vulnerability can be reduced.

The current research was conducted with the aim of predicting the professional development counselors based on causal conditions with the mediation of individual and collaborative strategies.

The present study is of qualitative and quantitative type, which was conducted with the Grounded theory method. The statistical population of this research included all the counselors who were working in counseling centers in Tehran in 2023. Using the principle of theoretical saturation, the number of samples reached 21 semi-structured interviews, which were selected by purposive sampling. Data analysis was done with open coding, axial coding and selective coding. In the quantitative part of the sample size of the research, using the table of Koresji and Morgan, the number of 201 people was estimated, and they were selected by purposive sampling. Path analysis and LISREL software were used for data analysis.

According to qualitative research data analysis, for "causal conditions of professional development of consultants", 5 components of work conscience, purposefulness, interest, growth and development motivation and correct policy, for "strategies of professional development of consultants", 2 individual and collaborative components, and for " Consequences of the professional development of counselors", 4 components of building trust in clients, increasing the quality of counseling, increasing the self-confidence and motivation of counselors and forming a therapeutic alliance were identified. The results showed that the causal conditions had an indirect effect on the results (t>1.96) and the strategies only had a direct effect on the results (t>1.96).

Paying attention to causal conditions such as work conscience, purposefulness, interest, motivation for growth and development, and correct policies as well as individual cooperative strategies of consultants can improve the quality of consultants' work.

This study aimed to investigate the moderating role of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between parenting stress and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy.

This study utilized a correlational design employing structural equation modeling. The study population comprised all mothers residing in Isfahan in 2023, with a sample of 400 mothers selected using cluster sampling. Data were collected through the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF), Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), and Maternal Self-efficacy questionnaire (PMP S-E), then analyzed it with PLS software.

The findings revealed a significant inverse relationship between maternal parenting self-efficacy and parenting stress (β=-0.297, P=0.001), a significant inverse relationship between parenting stress and cognitive flexibility (β=-0.326, P=0.001) and a significant positive relation between maternal parenting self-efficacy and cognitive flexibility (β=0.420, P=0.001). Additionally cognitive flexibility was found to moderate the relationship between parenting stress and maternal parenting self-efficacy(β=0.099).

Considering the findings, it is event that the role of cognitive flexibility in reducing parenting stress and enhancing maternal parenting self-efficacy is crucial. This suggests its significance in educational and therapeutic interventions programs aimed at promoting maternal health and empowerment. Moreover, focusing on improving maternal cognitive flexibility may contribute to enhancing maternal parental self-efficacy, reducing parenting stress, and alleviating their effects on maternal physical, mental and functional well-being

The purpose of the present study was to determine the mediating role of mental health in the relationship between mental fatigue and self-deception with the tendency to divorce. The method of descriptive-correlation research was Structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all the married students of Kerman City in the academic year 2019-2020, of which 300 people were selected by available and voluntary sampling. The research tools include the Tendency to Divorce Scale (TDS) by Roselet et al. (1986), the Marital Boredom Scale (CBM) by Paynes (1996), the Mental Health Scale (MHI-28) by Besharat (2008), and the Self-Deception Scale (SDQ-12) by Siront and colleagues (2019). Pearson's correlation test and Structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the model has a good fit and there is a significant relationship between self-deception, mental fatigue, and mental health with the tendency to divorce (P<0/05) and it was also found that mental fatigue and self-deception mediate the indirect effect of mental health. It has a negative and significant effect (P<0/01) on the tendency to divorce married students. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that self-deception and mental fatigue, directly and indirectly, affect the tendency to divorce in married students and play an essential role in the tendency to divorce.

The present study aimed to model factors affecting the successful transition of students from university to work. The research was descriptive with structural equation modeling of path analysis type. Its statistical population was all Final semester undergraduate students of Isfahan University in 1402 and based on the"Kline" formula, a sample of 471 people were selected by convenience sampling method. The data collection tools were researcher-made questionnaires of successful transition and effective factors on transition, derived from the research components of the researchers' grounded theory. The findings showed that the structural model had a good fit. Fundamental skills, adaptability, resilience, hope, optimism, networking behavior directly and geographical location ,the balance of supply and demand of field and job through optimism, and fundamental skills indirectly through resilience had a significant positive effect on successful transition(p<0/05). Therefore, in line with the assumption of postmodern approaches in career counseling, "person" and relation with " context" is important in a successful transition from university to work. in order to prepare students for this type of transition, pay attention to "person" and " context" and relation between them is require

The transition from university to work is one of the most sensitive periods in the lives of the educated, which can be a challenging or a relatively calm developmental stage. Therefore, the quality the type of this transition can affect the future career path as well as other life transitions. The purpose of the current research is to identify the challenges of the transition of students from university to work in the form of developing a native theoretical model.

This research was conducted qualitatively using the grounded theory in 1401 .Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 undergraduate and graduates of the University of Isfahan using the method of purposive sampling, considering the rule of saturation.

The results indicated the identification of 52 concepts and 15 categories. The model of the challenges of transitioning from university to work were compiled into 1. Causal conditions: Weakness in basic skills, self-awareness, psychological capitals, incompatibility of the individual characteristics with the field, low adaptability, lack of work experience; 2. Contextual conditions: Lack of environmental support, geographical location, imbalance between the supply and demand of the field in society; 3. Intervening conditions: Networking behavior; 4. Strategies: Skill training in a job unrelated to the field, education without a goal in postgraduate studies, willingness to migrate; and 5. The consequences: Individual, and social consequences.

The results indicate that the challenges of students' transition from university to work are classified into two general categories: Challenges related to lack of preparedness (intrapersonal) and environmental factors (extra-personal). Therefore, the successful transition from university to work can be seen as dependent on two general factors: Intrapersonal (preparedness) and extra-personal (environment. ( The sum of these factors is effective in preparing students for transition .Specialists can help in preparing and the successful transition of students from university to work and in preventing unemployment and its resulting harms.

One of the most important relationships between a man and a woman is marriage, which includes both emotional and legal commitment and is of special importance in the life of every adult. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to model marital adjustment based on communication patterns and marital relationship performance with the mediation of spiritual attitude.

The present research was a descriptive-correlation type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research included married people living in Tehran, according to the number of observable changes, 350 samples were available according to Spanir's (1976) marital compatibility questionnaires, spiritual attitude: Shahidi and Farajnia (2013), Christensen and Salavi's communication patterns. (1984) and sexual performance: Farajnia et al. (2013) answered. The research data was also analyzed through SPSS and AMOS software.

The findings showed that the constructive communication pattern directly explains β = 0.334 of the variance of marital adjustment, and the withdrawal communication pattern directly explains β = 0.159 of the variance of marital adjustment. Also, the constructive communication pattern directly explains β=0.21 of the variance of spiritual attitude and the spiritual attitude directly explains β=0.147 of the variance of marital adjustment.

It can be concluded that the modeling of marital compatibility based on communication patterns and marital relationship performance with the mediation of spiritual attitude is valid.

Marriage and marital satisfaction are two very important aspects in people's lives and many factors play a role in creating marital satisfaction.  Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the moderating role of gender and the mediation of marital intimacy in relation to people's attitudes towards love and marital satisfaction of married men and women in Sanghar city. The current study is of descriptive-correlation type and its statistical population is married men and women of Sanghar city, 224 samples participated in this research using available methods.  The data were collected using the Love Attitude Questionnaire (LAS) by Hendrick and Hendrick (1998), Marital Intimacy by Bagaroosi (2001) and Marital Satisfaction by Enrich, Olson (1989) and using the Structural Equation Modeling method, using SPSS20 and PLS3 was analyzed.  The analysis results showed that between the components of Eros (P = 0.48 and P < 0.001), Sturge (B = 0.19 and P < 0.001) and Agape (P = 0.23 and P < 0.001) There is a significant relationship with marital satisfaction, also, marital intimacy could play a partial mediating role for all three components of Eros (B = 0.76 and P <0.001), Storg (B = 0.37 and P < 0.001) and Agape (B = 0.32) and P <0.001)  and gender also played a moderating role between research variables. Therefore, taking into account the effect of the gender factor, couples with closeness =They are more capable in dealing with problems and ultimately gain more satisfaction.

Using a method of systematic review, the intention of this study is to identify the tissue components in the resilient school. Articles pertinent to the research topic were analyzed for research purposes. Purposeful research in resilience literature (2006-2021) was conducted using articles and publications from the Eric, Elsevier, Scopus, Noormags, Iran Doc, Magiran, and SID databases. Among 400 researches relating to resilience issues and school processes, data mining was limited to articles describing how every aspect of the school context supports resilience. Finally, 32 studies were chosen for a comprehensive evaluation. The first factor emphasizes the significance of the teacher’s role and includes supporting student autonomy, student participation and engagement, teacher support and encouragement, respectful communication with students, and setting student expectations. The second factor refers to the overall context of the school and consists of six components: equality and fairness in school, avoiding labeling, a safe learning environment, a positive school atmosphere, meeting students’ basic requirements in school, and extracurricular activities. The third factor refers to the role of peers and considers peers to be permanent supporters of resilience. This factor includes peers’ acceptance and support of students, participation and mutual unity in completing assignments, and the use of student peacemaking circles to resolve behavioral problems. The fourth factor considers the function of adult guidance and parental support in a child’s education. The fifth axis refers to the resilience of teachers. Regarding this, three issues have been raised: the assistance of psychologists to teachers, the role of school ecology in teacher resilience, and the need to increase their awareness of resilience processes.

Choice theory stems from psychological concepts like self-concept, successful identity, and quality of the world. The theory encourages adolescents to accept the responsibility for their choices on the one hand and predict the effect of such decisions on their lives on the other hand. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of choice theory-based group training in internalizing problems, empathy, and identity transformation among male adolescents.

This quasi-experimental study has a pre-test-post-test and 1.5 months follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all male adolescents studying in Qazvin City, Iran, in the 2020-2021 academic year. The sample included 28 male adolescents selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (n=14). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90-minute group training based on choice theory, while the control group did not receive any intervention. We gathered data using the empathy scale, Achenbach system of empirically based assessment (ASEBA), and aspects of identity questionnaire. Mixed repeated analyses of variance, the independent t test, and the Chi-square test were used for data analysis in SPSS software, version 24.

The findings indicated that the group training based on choice theory was effective in promoting internalizing problems (F=30.61, P<0.001), empathy (F=21.35, P<0.001), and identity transformation (F=50.2, P<0.001). In addition, these effects were sustainable until the follow-up period.

This research indicated that group training based on choice theory was effective in internalizing problems, empathy, and identity transformation among male adolescents. It is recommended that school counselors consider the principles and concepts of this intervention as an educational mission and executive task for male adolescents.

 Over the last six months, the use of technology and the internet in Iran is significantly increased due to the coronavirus pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the effect of online career counseling on students’ psychological capital (i.e., self-efficacy, resilience, optimism, and hope) during corona isolation.

 The research design was quasi-experimental. The statistical population of this study included all students who were members of social media (i.e., WhatsApp, Telegram, Facebook, and LinkedIn). After the announcement and completion coronavirus anxiety questionnaire, 30 students who had obtained scores higher than the average level were selected and randomly assigned into experimental (15 students) and control (15 students) groups.

 The findings showed that after the online counseling course, the intervention group outperformed the control group in psychological capital components (i.e., self-efficacy, resilience, optimism, and hope).

 According to the findings of this study, online counseling can be an effective source for career counselors, especially in developing countries. Besides face-to-face counseling, its services can help students increase their psychological capital.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of technology in meeting the educational needs of organizations. The research method was mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) and its statistical population included all private companies in Tehran that one of them was selected based on the available sampling method. In the qualitative part, 17 experts (university lecturers and company managers) and in the quantitative part, 30 employees existed and were randomly assigned into experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The findings of the qualitative part showed that organizations suffer from six problems in the assessment section including lack of adequate skill in assessment, long assessment intervals, expenses, psychological problems, facilities, and regulation and in the education part, problems include expenses, lack of skills, lack of education conditions, inadequate training, and lack of supervision. In this study, for sample selection and education in the quantitative part, modern software in the context of mental health and emotional intelligence were used for assessment and then, educational sessions consistent with the conditions of people were held online. The findings of the quantitative part showed that the emotional intelligence training courses consistent with technology (online) could improve mental health of people and significantly reduced the problems of assessment and education in the organization from the perspectives of the participants. According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the use of technology can play a crucial role in assessment, evaluating employees, and organizational training.

Bullying is one of the most common problems among teenagers, which is recently considered by researchers in the fields of psychology and even criminology as cyber bullying. The purpose of this study was to cyber bullying-victimization model: The effect of social competence and perceived social support with mediating role of anger in adolescents.

The descriptive- correlation method was used. The statistical population of this study was all high school students in Tehran in the academic year 1399-1400. In this study, according to convenience sampling method (online method), 500 students by formula Kline were selected as samples and they were asked to cyber-bullying/victimization experiences questionnaire of Antoniadou and et al (2016), adolescent multidimensional social competence - questionnaire of Gómez-Ortiz and et al (2017), multidimensional perceived social support scale of Zimet and et al (1988) and children’s inventory of anger of Nelson and Finch (2000). Data were analyzed using SPSS and Amos 24 software.

The results showed that there was a negative relationship between social competence and perceived social support wiht cyber bullying-victimization. In addition, there was a positive and significant relationship between anger with cyber bullying-victimization. Findings from path analysis also showed that anger mediates in relationship in social competence and perceived social support wiht cyber bullying-victimization

Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that in order to prevent cyber-bullying in adolescents, they should be trained in social competence, social support and anger management to reduce the problems caused by cyber-bullying in them

Self-injury is a mechanism that adolescents use to protect their fragile self in coping with the pressures of adolescence. Several studies have indicated that social cognition is involved in a variety of behavioral problems and mental disorders. Also, studies have shown the mediating role of distress tolerance in adolescents' tendency to self-injury behaviors. However, no study has been conducted to examine simultaneously the mediating role of distress tolerance in the relationship between social cognition and adolescents’ self-injury behaviors.

the present study aimed to model the structural relationships of social cognition with self-injury behaviors mediated by adolescent distress tolerance.

The research method was correlational, structural equations modeling type. The statistical population of the study included all adolescents aged 14-16 years who were studying in public schools in Karaj in the academic year of 2020-2021. Among them, 247 were selected using a convenience sampling method and through virtual networks and were evaluated using Social Cognition Questionnaires (Nejati et al., 2018), Inventory of Statements about Self-injury (ISAS) (Klonsky & Glenn, 2009), and the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simons, & Gaher, 2005). Structural equation method and SPSS23 and Smart PLS3 software were used to analyze the data.

The direct and negative effects of social cognition on self-injury behaviors were significant (P< 0.05), but the indirect effect of social cognition on self-injury behaviors was not significant. The direct and negative effects of DISTRESS tolerance on self-injury behaviors were significant
(P< 0.01).

According to the results, it can be concluded that distress tolerance and social cognition are important factors affecting adolescents' self-injury behaviors, so these factors should be considered in prevention and treatment programs.