sodabeh rostami

In developing countries, the presence and diversity of Staphylococcus species in foodstuffs have not been comprehensively studied. So, the present study aimed to investigate the dissemination of Staphylococcus spp. and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern isolated from foodstuffs in Isfahan in 2015-2016. A total of 194 foodstuff samples were collected from different parts of Isfahan city and processed for the presence of Staphylococcus spp. The conventional tests were used for the primary detection of bacteria and the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA was used for the species identification. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates was determined by the disk diffusion method. From a total of 194 food samples, 92 Gram-positive cocci (47.5%) were isolated. Of them, 84 isolates were Staphylococcus spp., 7 Macrococcus spp and one Micrococcus spp. The most prevalent species were S. aureus 25% (21/84), S. vitulinus 15.5% (13/84) and S. succinus sub casei 11.9% (10/84). The most antibiotic resistance rates were against penicillin (59/5%) and tetracycline (20.2%) while the lowest antibiotic resistance rates were observed for levofloxacin, rifampicin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. Characterization of Staphylococcus species is important for epidemiological investigations. Proper identification and management practices including analysis of 16S rRNA for the species identification should be considered to increase food safety and prevent extra treatment costs.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Infection with this bacterium is known to induce the development ofautoantibodies of which a few are also known to be diagnostic markers for some otherdiseases. Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCAs) are among those autoantibodiesused in clinical setting for diagnosing systemic vasculitic syndromes. Multiple studiesinvestigated ANCA positivity in diseases other than small vessel vasculitis. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of ANCA in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) which may lead to the false diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) or vice versa. In a case-control study, 32 consecutive smear positive pulmonary TB patients and 32 normal individuals were studied. All cases and controls were screened for ANCA by indirect immunofluorescent assay (IIF), and MPO and PR3 were also tested by ELISA. A prenuclear pattern (P-ANCA) was detected in 25% of the cases and 6.25% of the controls and a cytoplasmic pattern (C-ANCA) was deserved in 3.1% of both the cases and the controls by IIF assay. ANCA specificities tested by ELISA in cases revealed that 75% of the cases had anti-MPO and 12.5% had anti-PR3, while in the in controls, 3.12% had anti-MPO and none had anti-PR3. The positive ANCA significantly correlated with TB (p<0.01). ANCA's may be observed in both TB and systemic vasculitic syndromes such as WG. Tuberculosis and WG share some clinical features. Therefore, in countries with a high prevalence of TB, one has to distinguish between these two diseases especially when no sign of extrapulmonary involvement is observed.