فهرست مطالب soghra azizi

Worship has an important place in Islam which, in addition to cultivating and purifying the soul of individuals, is also a factor in improving the social life of human beings. Islamic worship, by promoting the idea of people living well together, shows certain manifestations of biological ethics, some of which are mentioned in this study.

Descriptive-analytical method is considered as the method of the present study, based on which by analyzing and interpreting verses and hadiths, as well as using related sources and articles in the field of worship and bioethics, to study the issue has been addressed.

Bioethics in prayer promotes a culture of humility and modesty, politeness and decency, as well as an invitation to monotheism and unity, which ultimately leads to public peace; Fasting is a manifestation of patience, silence and patience in the face of society's challenges; Zakat, khums, almsgiving and endowment make economic and social moral reform their top priority, which, by rejecting materialism and promoting sound economic and social practices, become the banner of the struggle against oppression and the multiplication of wealth; Hajj is also a universal symbol for joining the boundless sea of truth and confronting the manifestations of Satan in different historical periods.

Bioethics in Islam, as seen in its rulings, is not an individual matter and based on the separation of moral spheres from social spheres. Therefore, the set of rules of Islam and its worships are presented in order to reform and promote bioethics, which both seek individual happiness and show us social reform as a means to achieve happiness. Introducing and identifying the moral aspects of worship as well as preventing the distortion of the religious teachings of Islam is an important part of the process of reconciling Islamic bioethics in society that should be given more attention.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of two mycorrhizal fungi and two growth-promoting rhizobacteria on survival and growth traits of Myrtus communis L. in water deficit conditions, as a completely randomized factorial design. Drought stress in three levels: 100% field capacity (without stress), 60% field capacity (mild stress) and 30% field capacity (severe stress) and biofertilizer in seven levels: control (without inoculation); inoculation with mycorrhizals of Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, and combination of these two fungi; inoculation with rhizobacterias of Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida, and combination of these two bacteria was considered in three replicates. Drought stress reduced and biofertilizers (in particular, composition of fungus, and combination of bacterias) increased the studied traits. In severe water deficit, combined treatments of fungal or bacterial improved height increment by 28-31%, leaf biomass by 51-52%, root biomass by 36-42%, total biomass by 37-41% and survival by 50% compared with the control (non-inoculation) ones. In severe drought stress, almost 50% of the seedlings survived without inoculation and 90-100% of them with inoculation, indicating the high tolerance of this species to drought. Due to the reduction of the destructive effect of water stress on M. communis seedling traits using biofertilizers, the use of these treatments, especially the combination of two fungi of Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices or two rhizobacteria of Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida can be useful to improve seedling's growth characteristics.

Examining the Limits and Limits of the Islamic Government in Various Issues as Well as Its Duties Towards Worship is one of the Most Controversial Issues for Muslims. This Means That Some, by Limiting the Role of the Islamic Government, Want to Consider Worship as Private, and Some, With the Maximum Regard for the Duties of the Islamic Government, Want the Islamic Government to Play a Role in Worship. For This Reason, the Purpose of the Present Study is to Investigate the Historical-Analytical Duties of the Islamic Government Regarding Worship.

The Method Used in the Present Study is Descriptive-Analytical, Which According to the Approach of the Article, Uses Historical Sources That are Considered as a Historical-Analytical Approach.

The Islamic Government Has Been Established on the Basis of the Law Derived From Shari'a, and for this Reason, it Has Significant Powers and Duties in the Field of People Performing acts of Worship or Leaving Them to Perform Acts of Worship. For this Reason, Doing Things That Cause the Worldly and Otherworldly Happiness of the Members of Society or Leaving Them Causes Corruption and Threatens the Islamic Society, is one of the Duties of the Islamic Government in the Field of Worship. Therefore, Worships Whose Abandonment Promotes Corruption and the Spread of Denial Require the Intervention of the Islamic Government.

Islamic Rules are Most Concerned With Social Activities. Accordingly, Acts of Worship Whose Abandonment Causes Corruption and Threatens the Common Good Require the Intervention of the Islamic Government. Therefore, the Islamic Government Should Inform in the First Step and Reprimand, Punish and Punish in the Next Steps, and if it is Against the Interest of the Islamic Government if Muslims Abandon Worship and Abandonment of Duty, Then the Islamic Government Should Deal More Severely and Sharply to Protect the Interests of the System.

Populus euphratica is one of species growing naturally in arid and semi-arid regions in riparian habitats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological responses including photosynthesis، stomatal conductivity، transpiration، water potential، and relative water content of leaf of one-year Populus euphratica potted seedlings under flooding-salinity combined stress. Saline-flooding treatments in 5 levels including control (without saline-flooding) flooding (irrigation 4 cm above soil surface) with salinity in concentrations 0، 50، 100، and 150 mM NaCl were applied. This experiment was conducted as completely randomized design in a period of 60 days in greenhouse environment. Results showed that survival in all treatments was about 100%. Saline-flooding treatment had a significant effect on photosynthesis، stomatal conductivity، transpiration، water potential، and relative content of leaf water، so that the increase of salinity in flooding conditions led to decreased in all characteristics measured compared to control treatment. Generally، the results of this research revealed that in spite of reduced physiological measures with increased salinity، P. caspica seedlings are able to maintain the survival under mentioned stresses. With continuing of the research in next growing seasons by the researchers، responses physiological characteristics and particularly survival and growth of these seedlings to above mentioned stresses will be further revealed.