فهرست مطالب soltan morad mahaki

Halvan was the old name of the present-day city of Sarpol-e Zahab in the west of the country. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cultural, religious and civilizational situation of Helwan to the antiquity and importance of this city and the reasons for the attention of rulers and kings to this region, despite the important Islamic cultural and civilizational works including Ahmad Ibn Ishaq and dozens of historical monuments. Many pilgrimages in the Islamic era and more attention of the rulers to this region and the ancient road and the Silk Road that passes through this city, has been the point of connection between Iran and Mesopotamia and the Western world. The present study seeks to answer the question Has it been in a different position? The research hypothesis is that Helwan, due to its strategic and border location, the land route of pilgrimage to Atbat and Hajj, has a special status and has attracted the attention of the rulers. The research method is descriptive and analytical. Findings show that the border and strategic location, the relationship with neighboring civilizations and favorable climatic conditions have led to the migration of tribes to the region. At the beginning of the heavenly invitation of Islam, the people of this region welcomed the Islamic invitation with open arms and it was of great ethnological importance and included various ethnic groups with different religions.

Local history of Halvan. The customs and achievements of civilization based on written and oral sources were studied by descriptive and analytical methods and field studies. And these developments have been depicted with reference to reliable sources. Helwan, one of the eight ancient cities of the world, the gateway to Islam in Iran, which became the center of Islamic civilization, the existence of abundant natural resources, strategic location and the Silk Road route attracted the attention of the powers. Halwan was a large city in the fourth century AH. This city was abandoned for a long time after its conquest by the Seljuks and the historic earthquake (544 AH). The seventh century with the Mongol invasion accelerated the destruction of the city and a collection of several tens of incomes. Qazvini at the end of the seventh century and Hamdollah Mostofi in the middle of the eighth century describe it as an abandoned city.

Using an analytical and theoretical approach, the present paper tries to compare the traditional approach and modern approach to the method of scholarship and highlight their strengths and weaknesses. The question in this research is: What are the principles and methods of scholarship of the traditional approach and modern approach? The research findings indicate that the principles of the scholarship in the traditional approach are mainly based on sincerity in acquiring knowledge, and more efforts are devoted by students and teachers. Furthermore, due to the lack of realia and teaching aids they are rarely used due to their lack and the dominant teaching method is memorization, repetition and lecturing. In modern approach, however, the teacher and student are semi-active and modern teaching-learning process makes use of educational technology and tools on a large scale. The best method of scholarship and the best research method emphasize on the strengths of each of these methods and combines their educational merits, due to the fact that the traditional method as well as modern method of scholarship have some deficiencies.