فهرست مطالب somaye robatmili

The psychological experience of mental pain can lead to distress similar to that caused by actual injury or trauma. As such, it poses a life-threatening consequence for chronic patients, although it is rarely assessed and treated in clinical settings. One of the diseases associated with high levels of physical and mental pain is the rare disorder neurofibromatosis. This study aimed to evaluate mental pain in patients with neurofibromatosis and its association with disease severity.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 207 patients with neurofibromatosis who were members of the Iranian Neurofibromatosis Support Association during 2023. Data collection tools included a demographic and clinical information registration form and the Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale (OMMP), which comprises 44 items and 6 subscales, with a scoring range from 44 to 220.

The total mental pain score was 121.15±42.41, with a range of 44 to 206. The total mental pain scores for men and women were 123.67±38.98 and 120.31±43.58, respectively. The "confusion" subscale had the highest average score, while the "fear of loneliness" subscale had the lowest average score. There was a statistically significant association between the total mental pain score and its subscales with the severity of the disease and the patient's educational level (P<0.05).

The mental pain scores of patients with neurofibromatosis were evaluated to be relatively unfavorable.

alexithymia means the inability to cognitively process information and regulate emotions, which is characterized by the clinical inability to identify emotions experienced by oneself or others. alexithymia is one of the factors affecting the incompatibility and interaction of couples, which has a negative effect on their interaction and compatibility, but there is a research gap in the field of predicting these schemas in the target society, so in this research, alexithymia is discussed based on Early maladaptive schemas in married people.

The purpose of this research was to present a structural model for predicting alexithymia based on Early maladaptive schemas with the mediation of emotional self-disclosure.

The method of descriptive research is correlation type using structural equations. The research population was all married women referred to counseling and assistance clinics in Robat Karim city for consensual divorce in the year 2019, and 200 people were selected by the available sampling method. In order to collect data, the Toronto Persian scale of alexithymia (Beshart, 2007), Early maladaptive schemas scale, short form of Yang (2003), and emotional self-disclosure scale (Snell, 2001) were used. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistical methods and structural equations were used.

The results showed that emotional self-disclosure is mediating in the relationship between alexithymia and Early maladaptive schemas (p>0.05) and between alexithymia and Early maladaptive schemas. Considering emotional self-disclosure as a mediating factor, there is an indirect relationship.

The results of this research showed that there is a direct and meaningful relationship between Early maladaptive schemas and alexithymia, so that among the variables of Early maladaptive schemas, the variables of emotional deprivation, defectiveness/shame, dependency/Incompetence, Self-sacrifice and Entitlement/Grandiosity predict alexithymia and among the variables of emotional processing, the variable of weakened and suppressed emotions predicts alexithymia and generally, alexithymia in couples can be He predicted based on the mentioned variables. Therefore, these factors should be considered in prevention and treatment programs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the causal pattern of the relationship between attachment styles and pain intensity mediated by early maladaptive schemas and difficulty in regulating emotion in patients with chronic pain. Pain is classified not only as a perception but also as a mood and therefore separate from the five senses. Pain is a difficult subject conceptually, and its description and classification have always been difficult so it can be said that the only clear aspect of pain is that it shows the patient's state of mental suffering. The results of some studies have also shown the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and the difficulty of emotion regulation with pain intensity. In addition, disturbance in emotion regulation, which can be caused by the experiences of the first years of childhood, is also effective in predicting psychosomatic and psychological disorders and pain intensity. In general, according to what was mentioned, it seems that without considering psychological factors, it is not possible to improve or reduce the severity of pain, maintain quality of life, and adapt to chronic pain. Mediated by early maladaptive schemas and difficulty in emotion regulation.

The research method is descriptive correlation and structural equation modeling. The population of this study was patients with chronic pain referred to the pain clinic of Erfan Hospital in Tehran in the second half of 2020 where 300 people with chronic pain were selected by convenience sampling. To collect data from the Westhawn-Yale Multidimensional Pain Questionnaire (WHI-MPI; Kerns et al., 1985), Adult Attachment Styles Inventory (AAI, Besharat, 2005), Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-SF; Young, 1999). And the Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale (DERS; Gertz and Roemer, 2004). Data usage and analysis have been performed using structural equation methods.

The sample of the present study included 300 patients with chronic pain. The average age of study participants (300 people) was reported to be approximately 40 years. The youngest was 20 years old and the oldest was 66 years old. Also, out of 300 people in the sample group, 83.7% (251 people) in the sample group are women and 16.3% (49 people) are men. The results showed that secure attachment style and anxiety through the mediating variables of hoarseness and inhibition, other orientation, and difficulty in emotion regulation, have a significant indirect effect on pain intensity in people with chronic pain.

This means that early maladaptive schemas in the field of listening and restraint, other orientations and difficulty in regulating emotion play a mediating role in the relationship between attachment styles and pain intensity. Therefore, by considering the schemas of the field of distraction and inhibition, other orientations and difficulty in regulating emotion can play an effective role in the severity of pain in people with chronic pain. Based on the results, it was found that attachment styles have an indirect effect on pain intensity in patients with chronic pain, with difficult mediation in emotional regulation. Therefore, the results of the study showed that safe attachment style and anxiety through a difficult mediating variable in emotion regulation, has a significant indirect effect on pain intensity.

Post-traumatic growth and ambiguity tolerance are known as the most important psychological factors in cancer patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting anxiety symptoms based on ambiguity tolerance and post-traumatic growth in women with breast cancer.

The present study was descriptive of the correlational type. The population of the present study was all women with breast cancer in two private centers in Tehran in the second half of 2017, of which 150 people were selected by purposful sampling to test the hypotheses. The participants answered Beck's anxiety questionnaires (1990), Post Traumatic Growth (PTG) inventory (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996) and Ambiguity to tolerance (AT) Inventory (macline 2009, second version) and The obtained data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression.

The results showed that ambiguity tolerance explained 26.4% of the variance of anxiety symptoms in women with breast cancer. In the second stage, the inclusion of post-traumatic growth components into the equation explained 39.6% of the variance of anxiety symptoms. Also, among the components of post-traumatic growth, two components of life value and relationship with others negatively and significantly predicted anxiety symptoms in breast cancer patients.

Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that post-traumatic growth and ambiguity tolerance have a good predictive role in the anxiety symptoms of breast cancer patients.

The purpose of this study is to compare early maladaptive schemas and parenting styles in women who have committed infidelity and those who have been victims of infidelity. This study is both descriptive and random-comparative in nature. The participants consists of women who live in twenty-two areas of Tehran and have committed infidelity or have been victims of infidelity during the period during 2019-2020. An available sample was used including 61 participating women and 57 victimized women. Data were collected using the Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form (YSQ-SF3) and Young Parenting Inventory (YPI) and analyzed using an independent t-test and SPSS 23 software. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the early maladaptive schemas in two groups (d=0/66). Perpetrators of infidelity had significantly higher levels of emotional deprivation, abandonment/ instability, distrust/ abuse, entitlement/ grandiosity, inadequate self-control/ self-discipline, and approval/ recognition-seeking, while the violated women had higher scores in the defectiveness/ shame schema. In addition, there was a significant difference in parenting style scores between the two groups (d= 2/07) and women who had committed infidelity reported higher scores in the schemas of emotional deprivation, abandonment/ instability, distrust/ abuse, dependency, defectiveness/ shame, relentless standards/ hypercriticism, entitlement/ grandiosity, negativity/ pessimism, emotional inhibition, and approval/ recognition seeking. It can be said that the way parents interact with their children can shape schemas in the child and provide a foundation for their sincere behavior and adherence to principles in adulthood.

This study aimed to explaining the role of self-compassion and percieved parenting styles on creative thinking of adolescents. This study was a correlational – descriptive design. The study population was consisted of all high school boy students of Tehran city (district 2) in 2018. 313 students were selected by randomly cluster sampling methods in this research. Instruments for gathering data were the percieved parenting styles questionniqre (Grolnick, 1997), Abedi’s creativity assesment (1984), self-compassion questionnaire (Neff, 2003). Data were analyzed using SPSS.v21 software and statistical tests such as Pearson correlation coefficient and Setpwise regression analysis. The results of analysis showed that there is statistically significant relationship between some components of parenting styles and self-compassion and creative thinking of adolescents. Also, the results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that some components of parenting styles and self-compassion significantly predicted 17 percent of variances in creative thinking of adolescents.. With regards to findings, it seems that parenting styles and self-compassion have important role in creative thinking of adolescents. Applying the findings was discussed theoretical and practical

In today's society, dissatisfaction with body image has increased dramatically among young people due to the emphasis on the criteria of physical appearance as a criterion for attractiveness and social acceptance. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of social support in the relationship between psychological capital and body image in military students.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2018-19 among all students studying for bachelor and master degrees at the University of Police in Tehran, Iran. Using the available sampling method, 300 people were selected as samples and answered social support questionnaires, psychological capital, and body image. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient and path analysis in SPSS 25 software.

The results showed that in psychological capital, the component of self-efficacy had a negative relationship and the components of hope and optimism had a positive and significant relationship with the perception of social support from friends, family and others. Also, psychological capital and social support had a positive and significant relationship with students' satisfaction with body image.

Psychological capital in students plays a decisive role in body image. Also, high social support can have a positive effect on people's attitudes toward themselves.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulness Intervention on increasing the self-efficacy of neurological overeatingin Tehran.

  This research is a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was outpatient outpatients with neurological overload referred to two nutrition clinics in Tehran during 1397. The final sample size of this study was 30 neurological overeatingsubjects who were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 subjects) and control (n = 15). The Mindfulness Therapy Package was implemented in the form of 8 weekly 90-minute sessions on the development group. The research tool was the general self-efficacy scale of Sherer et al. (1982). Data were analyzed using covariance analysis.

The results showed no significant difference between the experimental and control groups. And mindfulness therapy did not affect the self-efficacy of patients with neurological overeating. Discussion and

It is suggested that psychologists and counselors use the results in causative and behavioral and psychological problems of patients with neurological overeating.

Working memory (WM) is responsible for producing, maintaining, and manipulating cognitive representations of stimuli, searching for the same or similar stimuli in memory, and maintaining appropriate behavioral responses. WM is assumed to play a significant role in extant models of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Using a single-case design with multiple baselines, we applied a computer-based cognitive rehabilitation program with adaptive training of WM tasks on 6 children with ADHD (inattention type) during 15 sessions – with each lasting 30 min– and evaluated the effects of the training. The obtained data were analyzed using visual analysis, percentage of recovery, and Reliable Change Index. The findings suggested that the program significantly enhanced the trainee’s performance in abilities pertaining to central executive functioning (CE), phonological loop (PH), and visuospatial sketchpad (VS) subsystems of WM. These results demonstrate that performance on WM tasks can be significantly improved by training, implying that that WM training has the potential to be of clinical use for ameliorating the symptoms of ADHD.

Social anxiety in adolescents is prevalent. Relying on the theoretical foundations, this study was conducted with the aim of prognosis the social anxiety in adolescents based on metacognitive beliefs, mindfulness and fear of negative evaluation. The present study is descriptive-cross-sectional and correlational. The statistical population of the present study includes all male and female students of the third grade of secondary education who study at high schools in the Varamin city of during the academic year of 1963-96. 329 people were selected by cluster-multistage sampling. To collect data, Wales’s meta-cognitive beliefs questionnaire (MCQ-30), Fifth Mindfulness Knowledge Questionnaire (FFMQ), Negative Fear Scale (BFNE-S) and Social anxiety Conor Questionnaire (SPI) were used. Then, the data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that there was a significant relationship between metacognitive beliefs, mindfulness and fear of evaluation with social anxiety in adolescents. Stepwise regression analysis confirms the role of predictor variables in social anxiety. In general, meta-cognitive beliefs, mindfulness and fear of evaluating predicted 17 percent of social anxiety changes in teens. It seems that metacognitive beliefs, mindfulness and fear of negative evaluation have an independent role in social anxiety in adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to compare personality traits and subjectivewell-being in men with and without gender dysphoria. The study method was causal-comparative. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 30 men with gender dysphoria and 30 men without this disorder among health centers who were selected by available sampling method. Research tools consisted of Keynesian and Magyarmv subjective well-being scale(SWS (, Ahvaz Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire and Neo–FFI Five Factory Personality Inventory. For analyzing data, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. Results showed that there is a significant difference between men with and without gender dysphoria in psychological hardiness, personality traits and subjective well-being. The study findings illustrate that psychological hardiness, personality traits and subjective well-being are psychological variables that can have a great impact on gender dysphoria disorder, therefore a proper and comprehensive plan is required to modify and adjust these variables.

The aim of this study was to investigate the computerized training on selective attention in children with ADHD (inattention type). Computerized training with CogniPlus software was given to 6 children with ADHD (inattention type) over 15 sessions of thirty minutes in a single-case design with multiple baselines, and then one month follow up was carried. In order to measure changes, Stroop test and Conner's Parent/Teacher Rating Scale were used. Results showed that selective attention subscales (congruent and non-congruent error) in the subjects were reduced by 54.63 and 52.59 percent, respectively. The results were clinically significant. It seems that computerized training can be an effective treatment for selective attention in children with ADHD in form of individual sessions.