somayeh zamirinejad

 This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Self-Report Personality Questionnaire of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5-SPQ) in Iranian clinical samples.

This is a descriptive survey study. Participants were 289 outpatients and inpatients referred to Iran Psychiatric Hospital, Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital and the clinic of Tehran Institute of Psychiatry who were selected using a convenience sampling method. In addition to a demographic form and the Persian version of SCID-5-SPQ, the Persian version of SCID-5 Personality Disorder (SCID-5-PD) was used. Finally, face validity, internal consistency (by Cronbach’s alpha), convergent validity (by Spearman correlation test) and the differences between self-reports of women and men (by Mann-Whitney U test) were evaluated.

The Persian SCID-5-SPQ showed good face validity. Regarding the convergent validity, all subscales of this questionnaire showed a significant positive correlation with the SCID-5-PD (P<0.001). Moreover, Cronbach’s alpha was reported α=0.93, indicating good internal consistency.

The Persian version of SCID-5-SPQ has good validity and reliability, and can be used alone or along with the interviews in psychiatric clinics and hospitals in Iran for screening personality disorders.

Procrastination is a common and widespread phenomenon that affects 15-20% of the general population and 50% of students. Since developing and providing beneficial and effective interventions for procrastination needs a strong, comprehensive theoretical background explanation, the aim of the study was to assess the underlying transdiagnostic factors of procrastination and presenting a causal model.

In this cross-sectional study, 390 college students were asked to fill out a packet of self-report measures, which included the Pure procrastination scale, Difficulties in emotion regulation scale, Depression-anxiety-stress scales, Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale, Rumination response scale, Penn state worry questionnaire, Acceptance and action questionnaire. The causal model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Results of the SEM indicate that perfectionism was significantly associated with increasing emotion dysregulation (β=0.446, P<0.001) and emotion dysregulation was significantly associated with increasing anxiety (β=0.499, P<0.001) and depression (β=0.478, P<0.001), and then anxiety and depression with other variables, such as worry (β=0.245, P<0.001; β=0.004, P=0.935), rumination (β=0.046, P=0.424; β=0.418, P<0.001) and experiential avoidance (β=0.277, P<0.001; β=0.319, P<0.001) related to procrastination. Finally, worry has the most significant increasing effect on procrastination. The very small root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA=0.038), together with large values of comparative fit index (CFI=0.985), relative fit index (RFI=0.917), and normed fit index (NFI=0.979) indicated that the model was well fit.

Perfectionism, emotion dysregulation, negative affects, worry, rumination, and experiential avoidance, known as transdiagnostic factors, had a causal relationship with procrastination, and reducing each transdiagnostic factor will improve procrastination. This study could be considered as a cornerstone for further studies on procrastination from a transdiagnostic approach.