فهرست مطالب tavakoli hr

Staphylococcus aureus has known as one of the most common causes of food poisoning in the world. The survey of contamination to S. aureus enterotoxin and detection of current types in high consumption foods is very important. The aim of this study was to survey of high consumption prepared meaty foods to S. aureus enterotoxin types in one of the military centers in Tehran, Iran.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 96 samples of four types of high meaty foods were collected randomly in one of Tehran's military centers and after counting the number of bacteria in the samples. The most common types of enterotoxin were by serological method. Results were analyzed by SPSS software and statistical tests.

In this study, 85.4% of raw food and 12.5% of cooked food were contaminated with excessive standard respectively and contamination to S. aureus enterotoxin was confirmed in 9.57% of the samples. Also A (56%) and D (44%) were determined as the most common enterotoxin types. The most contamination rate to enterotoxin was observed in 25% and 16.7% in raw Kebab and cooked Kofteh respectively.

The results of this study showed that some served foods in this military center have high contamination that can threaten employee’s health. Training of staffs in preparing and distributing food and control of health authorities can be effective in reduce of food contaminating.

The Clostridium botulinum is one of the most important causative of food poisoning. Spores of Clostridium botulinum spread out in the soil, the sea sediments, the marine environments and the marine animals. In recent years use of the marine food products like as fish and cultured fish are elevated. The aim of this study was done to compare between processing and non processing fish infected by predominant type of Clostridium botulinum.

This descriptive study was done on the 146 samples of fish in two species of processed and non prosecced that collected from Gilan province in Iran during 2008. These samples included the Liza auratus Fish (45 processed fish and 28 non processed fish) and the Salmo Trutta caspius Fish (34 processing fish and 39 non processing fish). The samples examined according to the APHA2000 and FDA2003 protocols. Data Analyzed with SPSS-13 and Chi-Square test.

16 (11%) of samples (13% of the processed fish and 7.5% of non processed fish) were confirmed that infected by Clostridium botulinum. Also the dominant type of exotoxin was Type E. The Type E exotoxin was determined from 11 of the samples (6 processed fish and 5 non processed fish).

This study showed that fish are infected by Clostridium botulinum special the type E. also use of fish in bad preparation (half cooking and add material in its stomach) may cause the food poisoning.

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in one of the most common mycotoxins that can often be found in dairy products and has some serious complications. The aim of this study is to assess AFM1 contamination of pasteurized cheese produced by two dairy factories in Tehran.

In this cross-sectional study, 100 samples of pasteurized cheese produced by two factories were gathered in both winter and summer seasons and examined by ELISA technique for AFM1 contamination. Data were analyzed by SPSS using T-test and Man-withiney statistical tests.

AFM1 was found in 62% of examined samples. The average contamination level was 53.39 (±51.90) ng/kg. AFM1 contamination of six samples (9.3% of positive cases) exceeded Iran’s standard level (200 ng/kg). Mean contamination of AFM1 in summer cheese samples was significantly lower than winter samples (p< 0.03).

The finding of this study showed that produced cheese in Iran have high contamination of AFM1 which can threaten public health. Better control of animal feeding and dairy factories can reduce AFM1 contamination in dairy products.

Measles is a severe contagious disease preventable by vaccination. Besides the prevalence of measles in Iran, Ministry of Health conducted a nation-wide vaccination against measles for all the 5-25 years old population in 2003. This study was done to evaluate the anti measles IgG antibody among the medical students from Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science.

This cross-sectional study was accomplished on 196 medical students of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science. The chart contained age, history of vaccination in childhood, history of vaccination in 2003, history of measles, any familial history of measles, history of contact with measles cases and any experience of fever during vaccination. The existence of IgG was confirmed by ELISA test in 5 cc blood taken from each case.

All the cases were male with the mean age of 23/5 ± 3/01. The history of vaccination was positive in childhood in 194 people (99%). The history of vaccination in 2003 was positive in 188 cases (95/9%). Measles infection history was positive in 14 people (7/1%), family in 17 cases (8/7%), contact with measles cases in 19 people (9/7%) and fever during vaccination in 1 person (0/5%). Anti measles IgG antibody was positive in 174 people (88/8%), negative in 19 (9/7%) and equivocal in 3 (1/5%).Discussion &

Our results indicated that the IgG level among the students was not sufficient to prevent small epidemics. Since the medical students are living in a high risk area, the evaluation of measles IgG antibody before prescription of the vaccine is suggested.

The aim of the study was to determine the rate of food-born botulism poisoning from 2003 to 2007 in Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, the data of the botulism cases in Iran during were collected and analyzed epidemiologically on account of food items which produce it, processing type, affluence distribution in rural & urban vicinities and widespread types.

Overall, 341 suspicious cases of botulism were recorded. The most and the least cases pertained to the years 2007(28.28%) and 2003 (12.6%), respectively. Among the provinces, Gilan lead the cases with 90 instances while the least amount related to West Azerbaijan with 4 occasions. Spawn and Salin fish (31.08 %) were the most botulism producing factors. Indeed, the prevalence rate in rustic vicinities (56.59%) was punctually more than cities (39.29%). Providing & consumption of canned foods in home was one of the most predominant causes of food poisoning (53.07%). Moreover, A and E types with the rate of (18-47 %) and (13.7-41.3 %), respectively were the most common causes of engendering botulism food poisoning.

This kind of food poisoning had an escalation probably due to paying more attention to record and reports of the occurred cases in recent years in comparison with what was used to be. Some measures like general health education, not using unsanitary and traditional food processing, heating sufficient while consumption, not using unpasteurized dairy product and regular supervising by health inspector can prevent claimed issue.

Introduction. In recent decades, the figures of diseases and their related factors have been changed from infections disease to chronic ones. In this regards, the relation between improper nutrition models and non-infectious disease such as CVD, Cancers, and Diabetes has been diagnosed. This study examines to determine KAP of nutrition and food models by Sepah formal personnel.Materials and Methods. This is descriptive study through a Cross-sectional method, conducted on 425 formal personnel of a military populations including 393 men and 32 women with and age range of 19-65 years drawn by simple random sampling. To determine the subjects, KAP, a Researcher made questionnaire was used. The validity of the questionnaire was confiremed by experts. The collected data has been analyzed using the SPSS14. Three different levels, low, middle, and good was defined for KAP categorizing.Results. The mean of scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practice of nutrition by personnel was reported 63.1, 73.1, and 38.3 respectively. In knowledge domain, only 14.3% of the subject, more than 60% of the study population had a good attitude toward the issue. This percentage for the practical domain was reported only 0.2%. That is, the majority of the subjects (60.5%) has a desirable view and attitude toward the issue, and a positive powerful association has been proved between knowledge and attitudes toward food models by the subjects (r= 0.71). The association between knowledge and practice, however, was not statistically significant (r=0.303). In addition, subjects with academic levels of education have more knowledge about the issue than uneducated subjects (p<0.009). Based on the findings of the study, air forced personnel got more grade than other force in both knowledge and attitude domains (p<0.001).Conclusion. The findings of the study indicate that in spite of having good and desirable knowledge about the issue by the subjects, their attitude and practices were not acceptable. Thus, planning a educating them with regards the food and nutritional models through various for improving their nutritional status is recommended.