vahid basirat

Crohn's disease (CD) has a chronic course, which its recurrence varies widely among different patients. In this study we prospectively analyzed blood samples of 19 CD patients. Alteration in transcription of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines was analyzed compared with household members after three month follow up.

CD patients were diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, endoscopic and histopathologic characteristics. Nineteen CD patients and their households were evaluated from Jun 2019 to Feb 2021 at Tehran university hospitals. CD activity score, biological, clinical and demographic data of the patients were recorded at two time point intervals. Bacteriological tests were done using aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures. To investigate transcriptional alterations, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated using Ficol centrifugation method and relative quantitative real-time PCR was done to determine the expression level of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL10, and FOXP3 cytokines.

Our results showed a correlation between fecal calprotectin level (709.8 ± 554.6), C-reactive protein concentration (18.1 ± 15.9), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (30.4 ± 17.9) with disease activity (Flare/remission). IL10 and Foxp3 anti-inflammatory gene’s expression were significantly (P = 0.003 for IL10 and P = 0.008 Foxp3) higher during the flare and remission in patients with active disease respectively. Bacteriological examination showed infection with Streptococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. in two CD patients during flares, which was correlated with upregulation and down-regulation of IL10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and FOXP3 proteins, respectively.

Occurrence of bacteremia, and higher amount of CAP, CRP and ESR are correlated with higher level of transcription for inflammatory cytokines, which could effectively reflect the disease activity. Raise in FoxP3 transcription proposed change in Treg sub-population in PBMC or its activity during the CD remission phase.

The coronavirus associated disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has rapidly spread all around the world and became pandemic in March 2020. Data on liver transplantation and chronic liver disease during the pandemic has remained scarce, and there is little information on whether immunosuppressed patients are at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 infection. This review provides information for health care providers who care for patients with liver transplantation and chronic liver diseases.

No abstract

Due to limitation of colonoscopy in assessing the entire bowel and patients’ intolerance in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in the current study, we aimed to prospectively compare the accuracy of 99mTc(V)-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and fecal calprotectin with ileocolonoscopy as new methods for localizing inflammations.
Current prospective study conducted between 2012 and 2014 on 30 patients with IBD attending Gastroenterology Clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Fecal calprotectin and disease activity were measured for all participants and all of them underwent 99mTc (V)-DMSA scintigraphy and colonoscopy. The accuracy of 99mTc (V)-DMSA scintigraphy and calprotectin in localizing bowel lesions were calculated.
A total of 22 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 8 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) were evaluated in our study. Sensitivity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and positive predictive value (PPV) of scintigraphy and calprotectin over colonoscopy in localization of UC lesions were 86.36%, 0.86%, 100.00% and 90.91%, 0.91, and 100.00%, respectively. Meanwhile, it showed 66.67% sensitivity and 81.25% specificity with PLR=3.56, negative likelihood ratio (NLR)=0.41, PPV=84.21%, and negative predictive value (NPV)= 61.90% in localizing lesions in patients with CD. The calprotectin level had sensitivity, PLR, and PPV of 90.00%, 0.90, and 100.00% in detecting active disease over colonoscopy, respectively.
The 99mTc (V)-DMSA scintigraphy would be an accurate method for detecting active inflammation in follow-up of patients with IBD and assessing response to treatment as a non-invasive and complementary method beside colonoscopy for more accurate diagnosis of CD or UC.

Biliary papillomatosis is a disorder characterized by numerous adenomatous polyps of variable distribution and extent in intrahepatic bile ducts. It should be considered as a premalignant condition because a high proportion of the lesions undergo malignant transformation. In this report, we present a patient with abdominal pain and jaundice.
According to his presenting signs and symptoms, ERCP was done for him and multiple biopsies were taken from the common bile duct. Due to high grade dysplasia in the pathological report, Whipple surgery was performed and specimens were sent for microscopic evaluation. Histological examination showed intraductal biliary papillomatosis.

According to recent studies comparing magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) with ileocolonoscopy for assessing inflammation of small bowel and colonic segments in adults with active Crohn’s disease (CD), we aimed to compare the accuracy of these two diagnostic methods in Iranian population.
During 2013-2014 a follow-up study was done on 30 patients with active CD ina gastroenterology clinic affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. MRE and ileocolonoscopy were performed for all the patients. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 18) and P valueOf the 30 patients with active CD, 11(36.7%) were men and 19 (63.3%) were women with mean age of 37.30±13.66 years (range: 19-67 years). MRE had sensitivity and specificity of 50% and 90% with positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 71.43 and 78.26, respectively for localizing sigmoid lesions and ileum had sensitivity and specificity of 84.21 and 45.45 with PPV and NPV of 72.73 and 62.50, respectively.
While moderate sensitivity and high specificity of MRE in localizing colonic lesions makes it an appropriate confirmatory test after colonoscopy, the reported high sensitivity and moderate specificity of MRE versus colonoscopy in detecting ileal lesions makes it a suitable screening test for ileal lesions. Finally we can conclude that MRE can be an important complementary test to colonoscopy in detecting active disease.

In this study، we attempt to develop a linguistic atlas for Gilan province، Iran، and answer three major research questions: (1) what phonological processes occur in Gilan and in Gilaki dialect? (2) Does the traditional demarcation of Gilaki into Bie Pas in western areas and Bie Pish in Eastern parts of the province have a phonological base? (3) Are the phonological processes that occur in central cities of the province different from those that occur in the non-central areas? To answer the questions، first one hundred words from different lexical categories، i. e. nouns، verbs، adjectives، pronouns، etc. were selected and native speakers’ pronunciations were recorded by a voice recorder and interviews were conducted The findings indicate that throughout Gilan، eighteen phonological processes occur from which centralization، raising، elision، and spirantization are the most frequent processes respectively. With respect to the second question، it was revealed that there is a correlation between phonological variation and the geographical area، giving weight to the traditional boundary so-called Bie Pas and Pie Pish. Likewise، it was shown that the frequency of phonological processes in non-central areas، especially in Rudsar، is much higher than those in the central areas.

Linguistic Atlas consists of a series of maps locating language diversities in a geographical area. It is significant because it maintains the needs of dialectology, language planning and sociolinguistics. Due to the fact that there is no such an atlas for Gilan Province, the writers of this article have done their best to design one, based on 100 words; meanwhile, following the findings of this atlas, they try to answer two questions: what phonological processes can be seen in Gilan and Gilaki dialect? How do the central towns of Gilan differ from its other towns regarding the occurrence of phonological processes? It should be pointed out that another advantage of such an atlas is the possibility of depicting the boundary lines among Gilaki, Taleshi, and Turkish in Gilan Province.After selecting 100 words and interviewing with the Gilaki speakers and recording their voices, the researchers designed a map for each word to show its phonological and lexical diversities. According to the findings of research, 16 phonological processes take place in Gilaki dialect, of which the most frequent are respectively centralization, rising, deletion and affrication. It was also found that in non-central towns especially Roodsar, the phonological processes are more frequent.