vahid kangaranifarahani

The focal point of the forthcoming research is to study the relationship between Islamic sovereignty and ethics and spirituality by looking at the second step statement. Religious rule can not have an impartial and neutral approach to moral principles and values, and therefore strives to make society as moral and spiritual as possible. The purpose of this article is to explain the approach that is mentioned in the statement of the second step in the form of grounding approach and appropriate methods. This article, with a qualitative method and studies of documents related to the statement and the library method, seeks to introduce two other models in this field, namely the model of society's liberation and society's maximum compulsion to morality, and finally defend the autonomous theory in the second step statement. The most important achievement of this article is trying to achieve a system of defense in the relationship between ethics and Islamic government in the form of ethics and appropriate methods, including the exploitation of civil society, rational confrontation with anti-spirituality and ethics centers, having a comprehensive plan and the rulers' faithfulness to moral principles.

In this article, the relationship between religion and government from the perspective of Imam Khomeini and Seyyed Qutb is examined and the possibility of dialogue among his views is analyzed. The type of tendency of Imam Khomeini and Seyyed Qutb to the relationship between religion and government or Islam and the basic policy to fight against Taghoot. The purpose of the research is to obtain the roots of the ideas of Imam Khomeini and Seyyed Qutb in the emergence of their practical and revolutionary views on the relationship between religion and government. The importance of this research is due to the emphasis on some aspects of Imam Khomeini's thought that can be seen in the Islamic Revolution and his views in order to show some extremism of Islamist groups such as Al-Qaeda. The findings of the article that although it seems that the similarity of Seyyed Qutb's views with Imam Khomeini is in the formation of Islamic government and the relationship between government and religion, but based on Imam Khomeini's emphasis on defining the fight against Taghoot and what Seyyed Qutb means in jihad and formation Islamic government is without the emergence of a people's government, the main difference is their approach to the government. Moreover, contrary to Imam Khomeini's views that jihad is the last stage in the fight against Taghoot, Sayyid Qutb emphasizes the necessity for jihad as a fundamental principle for the link between religion and government. The method of the present study is a combination of historical analysis and comparative analysis.

Leading to the emergence of various intellectual and political schools, "Humanism" has been one of the major intellectual movements in the history of Western thought and modernity. With the slogan of the revival of human values and the return to the Roman and ancient Greek times, this school which is presented as a point of differentiation between religious and secular thinking has developed in the era of renaissance in the West in the light of the weaknesses of the church in the theoretical and practical areas. With the introduction of new philosophies by Descartes, Kant and other Western scholars, it found its way into philosophy, and eventually, after several stages, it is now present in all Western schools and thoughts. The present research seeks to provide a proper formulation of humanism as a dominant school in the West's civilization, and discuss its historical context and intellectual features in epistemological and ontological areas. The research method is documentive-library based, and its findings include explaining four historical periods of humanism and discussing the contradiction between humanism and religious thinking.