فهرست مطالب vahid sari

Regular sports exercises and the use of food strategies are always considered as low-risk and healthy approaches for coping and treatment of obesity. In this regard, the present study was performed with aim to determine the effect of concurrent training with Flaxseed supplementation on body mass index, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in overweight girls. This clinical trial was performed on 36 overweight women in Tabriz University in 2017. The subjects were randomly divided into four groups (n=9 in each group), including training along with supplementation, concurrent training, supplementation Flaxseed and control. Concurrent training included aerobic exercises with an intensity of 65% of heart rate and resistance training with intensity of 60% 1RM. The subjects used the powdered seed one hour before food, at three meals and dissolved in 250 mg of water, during four weeks of supplementation course. Insulin value was measured using an ELISA kit, fasting glucose level by autoanalyzer, and insulin resistance by homoeostasis model (HOMA). Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) and ANOVA, repeated measurements variance analysis, and bonferroni post hoc. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. In concurrent training group, after four weeks, there was a significant decrease in WHR (P=0.015), and supplementation of flax seed alone caused a significant reduction in weight (P=0.008), fat percentage (P=0.041), WHR (P=0.015). Meanwhile, interventions could not affect insulin (P=0.511), insulin resistance (P=0.549), and glucose (P = 0.600). Four weeks of concurrent training and Flaxseed supplementation had no significant effects on glucose and insulin-related indices, and body composition. The use of such independent variables requires more research

Inactivity and obesity are of the consequences of industrial life, as the trend of increasing prevalence of obesity has negative effects on the respiratory system. Aerobic exercises and omega-3 fatty acids are paid close attention due to their physiological effects on different systems of the body. The present study was carried out in order to examine the effect of 8-week aerobic exercise and consumption of omega-3 supplement on pulmonary function in obese men. In this semi-experimental study, 40 obese men with average age of 32.3±3.05 years, weight of 97.8±7.4 kg, waist-hip ratio of 1.01±0.022, Body Fat of 31.53±2.52 Percent and BMI of 32.3±2.61 kg/m2 were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 10 participants: placebo, supplement, training-placebo, training-supplement. Aerobic training program consisted of running with intensity of 55-85% HRmax for 8 weeks, 25-45 minutes and thrice a week. Amount of consuming supplement daily 1000 mg of omega-3 and placebo was also 2% dextrose. The values of variables were measured 48 hours before and after the exercises. Data analysis was carried out using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test at a significance level of 5%. The effect of the exercise on body fat percentage weight decrease was significant without considering the effect of the supplement (p<0.05). Exercise and supplement caused a significant increase in the values of FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF25-75, FIV1, and PIF (p<0.05). The effect of the exercise on the increase in VO2max and PEF was significant without considering the effect of the supplement (p<0.05). Exercise, supplement, and combination of exercise and supplement had no significant effect on the size of chest circumference at both inspiration and expiration (p>0.05). Regular aerobic exercise and consumption of omega-3 are two modifying and effective factors in increasing respiratory parameters; therefore, they improve respiratory status in obese men.

Paralympic games festival are the most important competitions for disabled people in the world that is held regularly every four years. Competing in sport tournaments and having high performance in tourney needs different schemes such as good nutrition. So the purpose of this study was to assess the macronutrients intake status and energy expenditure of elite Paralympic athletes in Tabriz. thirty five elite Paralympic athletes in Tabriz (24 men and 11 women: BMI: 25.8 and 22.9 kg.m−2, Body fat percentage: 22.6 and 28.7%, WHR: 0.96 and 0.85) filled consent and general information forms. Three-day self-reported food diaries and energy expenditure were analyzed. Macronutrients, fiber and calorie intake were calculated in Nutrition IV software. Energy expenditure and calorie of food intake in various meals were analyzed too. Descriptive statistic was used for analyzing data. Mean amount of calorie intake and daily energy expenditure in men and women was (3573.7, 3179.2 in men and 2191.7, 2165.6 Kcal per day in women). Energy distribution in descending feature was in breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks in men. It was in lunch, dinner, breakfast and snacks in women. Intake of macronutrients in elite Paralympic and fat intake in elite Paralympic was higher than reference values. Fiber intake in men athletes was lower than reference values but it was higher than reference values in women. In general, the calorie intake and energy expenditure in women were more favorable than men. The amount of macronutrients intake status in elite Paralympic men and fat intake in elite Paralympic women was more than reference values. Therefore, diet monitoring of Paralympic athletes seems necessary.

Nowadays, in many developed and developing countries, the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes has increased. The prevalence of obesity among women may be higher than in men. Recently a new product from muscle and adipose tissue known as irisin has attracted the attention of researchers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between irisin and obesity follow of physical activity.
In this study 21 obese women (medium age: 37.99 ± 3.7 year, height: 1.55 ± 0.03 meter, BMI: 34±5 kg/m2) participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to exercise groups (endurance (n: 10) and concurrent (n: 11)) for eight weeks, three sessions per week for 40 to 45 minutes. Irisin, fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and visceral mass ratio to body muscle were measured. The data were analyzed using two way ANOVA.
After 8 weeks exercise training in both groups, irisin decreased significantly (P0.05).
Finally, there were no differences between groups of training. It can be hypothesis that the increase of irisin in obese people is one of the preventing ways against obesity's side effects.

 Purpose

Competitive sports are a stress factor to change the immune system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a futsal match on the responses of mucosal immunity in female futsal players.

Nine futsal players from one teams of the premier league female futsal in Iran with a mean age of 25± 2 years, BMI 21.03 ± 1.30 kg.m-2, VO2max 47.32 ± 1.62 ml.kg-1.min-1 participated in this study. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected before, after, 24 h and 48 h post- matchfor salivary IgA concentration (s-IgA), IgA secretion rate (SIgA), S-IgA/Protein ratio, cortisone and alpha amylase measurement. In order to analyze the data, analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures with Bonferroni as appropriate at (P<0.05) was used.

Subsequent the match, saliva flow rate, s-IgA, SIgA and s-IgA / Pro ratio decreased (P<0.05) and come back to rest level after 24 hours recovery. Cortisol, alpha amylase and total protein increased significantly post match (P<0.05).

An official futsal match may have adverse effects on female mucosal immunity due to SIgA diminish and therefore susceptible to upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), although further investigations are needed.

Some studies have shown that aerobic exercise could promote the antioxidant defense system. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the effects of aerobic and single bout of exhaustive exercise on salivary and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in non-athlete males.
Twenty-seven male (age: 18-21 year) were randomly assigned into Control (n=12) and Aerobic-training (n=15) groups. Training group was participated in an aerobic exercise program (50-70% of Heart Rate Reserve) for 8 weeks (three times per week). After the termination of exercise program, both groups performed a progressive exercise to exhaustion on treadmill. To evaluate the MDA and TAC, serum and salivary samples were collected before and after the training as well as after the exhaustive exercise.
Aerobic exercise caused a significant increase in salivary and serum TAC (P Aerobic exercise could be effective in preventing the exhaustive exercise-induced lipid peroxidation. Although the interpretation of results on salivary parameters require further studies.

In children and adolescents, the anabolic effects of exercise are mediated through growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of combined endurance-resistance versus resistance-endurance exercises on GH and IGF-I in non-athlete prepubertal girls. In this semi-experimental study, 16 prepubertal girls aged 9-11 years old, after homogenization, were randomly allocated into two equal groups (n=8): the endurance-resistance and resistance-endurance. Activities in both groups included combined endurance (20 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with 60%-70% of the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) on a treadmill)-resistance (biceps, triceps, chest press, butterfly, knee extension and flexion, moderate leg press with 60% of 1-RM, and 1 set of 10 repetitions) and resistance-endurance training with different orders. Before, immediately after and 2 h after the exercise, blood samples were taken and GH and IGF-1 levels were measured. Immediately after the training, in both group, GH levels (3.39 ng/ml vs 1.8 ng/ml) were significantly increased compared to the resting condition (0.77 ng/ml vs 0.72 ng/ml) (P=0.017). However, GH levels (0.97 ng/ml vs 0.18 ng/ml) were significantly decreased in both groups after 2 hours (P=0.012). The GH levels in the endurance-resistance group were higher compared to the resistance-endurance group. Changes in IGF-1 levels in both training groups before, immediately after and 2 hours after the training did not show significant differences. It seems that combined endurance-resistance training is more appropriate option for non-athlete prepubertal girls.

There are a few studies about the positive effects of exercise and polyphenols supplementation on reduction of cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term grape seed extract (GSE) supplementation on lipid profile and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels after an aerobic exercise in non-athlete men. In a randomized double blind study, 20 non-athlete men (age range, 19±1 years, body fat 12.20%±3%, body mass index 22.22±2, and V̇O2max 39.28±2 ml.kg-1.min-1) were allocated into two equal groups (n=10): the GSE supplementation (200 mg/day) and placebo groups. The hs-CRP, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were measured before and after the supplementation and after an aerobic exercise protocol with 75% VO2max on the motorized treadmill for 30 minutes. The results showed a significant reduction in TG and a significant increase in hs-CRP after the exercise in both groups (P< 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between groups in HDL-C, LDL-C, and TC levels (P>0.05). In addition, there was a significant decrease in TC levels subsequent GSE supplementation (P<0.05). A single session of aerobic exercise had no significant effect on lipid profiles except TG and led to an increase in the hs-CRP concentration. However, the short-term GSE supplementation could just improve the TC of lipid profile.

This study compared independent effects of caffeine and Ibuprofen on perceived exertion (RPE), perceived pain index (PPI), maximum repetitions (RM) and heart rate (HR) during resistance
training bouts. Fifteen male students (Age: 26±2 yr.) participated in a double-blind study with three independent, counterbalanced sessions where in Ibuprofen (400 mg), caffeine (6 mg.kg-1), or matched placebo were ingested 1 hour before exercise, and RPE, PPI, RM and HR (per set) were recorded in individuals, predetermined, 12-repetition maximum for leg extensions (LE), leg flexion (LF), bench press (BP) and arm flexion (AF). Analyses of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures were used for between-trial comparisons. Caffeine resulted in significantly greater (p < 0.05) HR (LE and BP) and RM (LE, LF, BP, AF) and resulted in significantly lower (p < 0.05) RPE (LF, BP, AF) and PPI (LF, BP, AF) compared with Ibuprofen and placebo. Ibuprofen resulted just in significantly higher PPI in LE(p < 0.05). this study demonstrates that caffeine significantly enhanced resistance training performance, whereas Ibuprofen did not. Athletes may improve their resistance training performance by acute ingestion of caffeine.