venkata sunanda lakshmi gelli

Bladder carcinoma is the second common malignancy of the urogenital system. Bladder malignancy encompasses 5.2% of all forms of cancer. According to study, Her2/neu expression can be considered as a prognostic clinical biomarker for bladder cancer. Target therapy using novel and recombinant chemodrugs such as transtuzumab can be applied in Her2/neu positive cases. Current study aimed to evaluate urothelial neoplasms incidence, to assess Her2/neu expression, and to compare its expression with prognostic factors.

The present study is a prospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Narayana Medical College and General Hospital, Nellore, India, for a period of 2 years from June 2019 to June 2021. All the urothelial neoplasm cases reported during the study period were included, and Her2/neu immunohistochemistry has been assessed for the cases.

Among 71 bladder specimens, 48 had urothelial carcinomas (54% of high grade and 46% of low grade), and 20 had benign neoplasms. Among high-grade carcinomas, 91% were muscle invasive and among low grade, 55% were non-muscle invasive. Lateral wall is the common site of urothelial carcinoma. The mean age for high-grade carcinomas was 61-70 years, and it was associated with higher grades and stages of the tumor. In high grade and low-grade carcinomas, males outnumbered females. A significant correlation observed between tumor grade and stage. A significant association was found between Her2/neu overexpression with the grade and size of the tumor. No association was found between Her2/neu expression and age, gender, stage, and invasion.

It is concluded that identifying the expression of Her2/neu in urothelial carcinoma can help identify eligible candidates for targeted therapy.

In India, ovarian tumors are the fifth leading cause of death in women. They account for 6% of all cancers in women. The present study aimed to provide support for a new theory of ovarian carcinogenesis by investigating the frequency of ovarian tumors and determining whether the Ki-67 labeling index and p53 overexpression help in differentiating borderline and malignant surface epithelial tumors.

The study included all ovarian tumor specimens sent for histopathological examination to the Department of Pathology of Narayana Medical College between June 2017 and October 2019.  

The frequency of benign epithelial and malignant tumors was 85.47% and 11.97%, respectively. Surface epithelial tumors (81.96%) and germ cell tumors (8.54%) were the most common ovarian tumors. In immunohistochemistry, p53 overexpression in surface epithelial neoplasms showed moderate positivity in all 2 cases of serous carcinomas, while 2 out of 6 mucinous carcinomas cases showed weak positivity. All six cases of mucinous carcinomas showed a Ki-67 labeling index of 26-50%. Serous carcinomas showed a high index of 51%, while mucinous carcinomas had a mean index of 37%. Overexpression of Ki-67 was significantly more common in malignant surface epithelial neoplasms (41.83%) when compared with borderline epithelial neoplasms (27%) (p<0.001).

  In comparison to borderline serous and mucinous tumors, Ki-67 overexpression is significantly higher common in malignant surface epithelial tumors. Moreover, p53 overexpression is significantly more common in serous carcinoma when compared with borderline serous tumors but not mucinous tumors. Overall, these markers could be beneficial for diagnosing difficult cases and predicting prognosis.