فهرست مطالب vinay kumar

Concrete is the most widely used construction material owing to its good strength, mouldability and robustness. However, its durability has always been a cause of concern arising mainly due to the fact that concrete is highly porous, microcracked and hydrophilic in nature making water ingress into it unavoidable. Water ingress is the primary cause for all major durability related issues in concrete such as freezing and thawing, reinforcement corrosion, carbonation, efflorescence etc. It is thus evident that to prevent deterioration and thereby increase durability and service life of concrete structures, water ingress into it must be minimized. This can be accomplished by a number of methods out of which hydrophobic treatment of concrete is nowadays becoming popular. Surface Hydrophobic Treatment and Integral/Bulk Hydrophobic Treatment are two main ways to induce water repellency in concrete. In this work, the efficacy of integrally incorporating a silane product into concrete and providing a surface treatment using the same product on the mechanical, durability and physical properties has been studied. Integral modification did not yield satisfactory results in case of water proofing the composites with the Water Contact Angle values lying below 90˚ in the hydrophilic range. Whereas, the surface treatment reported a successful hydrophobic modification reporting Water Contact Angle value as high as 157.1˚. The Water Contact Angle values for all surface modified samples were over 150˚ which lies in the superhydrophobic category along with the composites exhibiting a self-cleaning behaviour with very little effect on the compressive and tensile strength.

Escherichia coli (E.coli) is one of the most common and important causative bacterium of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in both dogs and humans.

This study aimed to identify virulence genes and a phylogenetic group of E. coli isolated from the urine of dogs suffering from UTIs.

E. coli were isolated from urine of dogs suffering from UTIs and tested for the presence of the virulence genes using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing method. On day 60 after immunization, half of the fish in each treatment was challenged intraperitoneally and the re- maining half of fish in the oral receiving bacterin groups were challenged by bath method with 1 LD50 and 1 LC50 of a Y. ruckeri local virulent isolate respectively.

Out of a total of 103 samples, 25 were found to be positive for E. coli, of these 20 (80.0%) were identified as aer, 14(56.0%) as pap, 12(48.0%) as sfa, 8(32.0%) as afa, 5(20.0%) as hly and 5(20.0%) as cnf1 genes. None of the isolates carried cnf2 genes.

The study demonstrated a high occurrence of virulence genes. The phylogenetic compar- isons of these gene sequences detected in uropathogenic E. coli isolated from dogs showed high similarity to those present in the urine of humans with urinary tract infection. Phylogenetic comparisons of the virulence genes revealed that hly, sfa , cnf1 and pap matched to group B2, afa to group A and aer to group B2 and D.

Sodium valproate and tomato extract have been studied in different experimental models of epilepsy individually. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lycopene on the antiepileptic effects of sodium valproate against pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling in mice. Swiss albino mice of either sex were randomly divided into 5 groups, with each group containing 8 mice. These groups were treated with pentylenetetrazol (45 mg/kg on days 8, 10, and 12 and 70 mg/kg on day 14 day, i.p.); sodium valproate (200 mg/kg, p.o.) pentylenetetrazol; lycopene (2 mg/kg, p.o.) sodium valproate (200 mg/kg, p.o.) pentylenetetrazol; and lycopene (4 mg/kg, p.o.) sodium valproate (200 mg/kg, p.o.) pentylenetetrazol, for 14 days, respectively. After treatment, the animals were observed for 30 minutes for behavioral analysis. Subsequently, the animals were sacrificed, and their brain was removed for the biochemical estimations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, catalase, superoxide dismutase activity, reduced glutathione, and gamma-aminobutyric acid. Significant pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure was characterized by alteration in the seizure score and latency as well as a significant increase in the levels of brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and gamma-aminobutyric acid levels. Treatment with sodium valproate and lycopene significantly restored the seizure score, latency, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and gamma-aminobutyric acid levels near to normal compared to pentylenetetrazol. The present study provides experimental evidence that a combination therapy of lycopene along with sodium valproate attenuated seizure and oxidative stress against pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling in mice.