فهرست مطالب y. bagheri

The present paper seeks to answer this question; what paradigms and approaches can elucidate the theories of the origins of national identity genesis?

To answer the question of this essay, descriptive-analytical method and library study technique are used.

The research results show that the origin of national identity based on six theoretical paradigms; Primordialism, Perennialism, Modernism, Ethno- symbolism, Instrumentalism, and Post-modernism and based on four theoretical approach; Essentialism, Constructivism, Discursive and Life-World can be explained, interpreted, and explained. in this assay all of this theories will be mentioned.

What is identity and answering the question of "Who am I?" Has always been one of the epistemological questions and fundamental issues of humanity from the beginning until now that never become out of fashion and it is one of the newest topics of the modern and postmodern era. Therefore, from results of this study is proper classification of dispersal theories about origin of national identity genesis in format of different paradigms and approaches that it has been very effective on gaining true cognition in analyzing of topics and identity phenomena in different fields of political, social, cultural, historical, artistic, literary and ets.

Damage detection and estimation in structures using incomplete static responses are presented in this study. In the proposed approach, damage location and severity is determined by solving an optimization problem using pattern search algorithm. Therefore, the objective function is formulated using incomplete static responses. Because of limitation in using sensors and difficulties in sensing all degree of freedoms, the effect of using incomplete responses has been evaluated. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using three numerical examples, namely a simply supported beam, three-story plane frame and plane bridge with and without noise in measured displacement and containing one or several damages. The results indicatedthat proposed method is effective and robust in detection and estimation of damage in spite of the incomplete responses.

The purpose of this study was to analyze those factors affecting volunteering in sport associations of universities in Tehran. The research was a descriptive, survey and field study and was categorized as an applied research based on its aim as well. In order to collect the data, a questionnaire (Andam, 2007) was used and distributed among target population which consisted of all boys and girls who were a member of these sport associations. The questionnaire consisted of seven motivational variables: career, material, enhancement, purposive, social, protective and commitment. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results showed that the variables were ranked as follows: material, social, career, enhancement, protective, commitment and purposive. Furthermore, the analysis of the difference between boys and girls in all variables showed no significant difference in social, career, enhancement, protective and commitment variables (P>0.01) and on the other hand, there was a significant difference in material and purposive variables between boys and girls (p<0.01). Managers in the universities and their physical education offices must prioritize these variables and (especially material and social variables) and pay attention to their roles in planning and policy making so that they can achieve volunteering advantages.