yalda fallah rastegar

A hydatid cyst of the breast is an extremely rare condition caused by Echinococcus granulosus, even in endemic countries, which accounts for 0.27% of all cases. Only a few reports have been published in the literature about breast hydatid cysts. Patients usually present with a palpable and painless lump in the breast. Clinically, it is difficult to differentiate breast hydatid cysts from more common breast lesions. However, imaging plays an important role, and often helps to distinguish this rare cystic disease of the breast from other breast masses.
Iran is an endemic area for Echinococcus granulosus, and we present six cases of primary breast hydatid cysts which were diagnosed over the course of 10 years in our institution. We aimed to present the mammographic and ultrasonographic findings for these patients.
Hydatid cysts should be considered in the diagnosis of cystic lesions of the breast, particularly in endemic areas.

Although tuberculosis has been a very common disease in endemic areas, isolated involvement of the breast was uncommon. The coexistences of breast carcinoma and tuberculosis mastitis was very rare but could create a dilemma in the diagnosis and treatment, as there were usually no pathognomonic features to differentiate malignancy from breast tuberculosis.

We have reported the case of a 40-year-old woman referred with a painful lump in her left breast and nipple retraction. Mammography has shown an irregular mass and pleomorphic micro calcifications. Breast ultrasound has revealed a hypo echoic irregular mass. The first diagnosis was breast carcinoma. Histological study confirms high grade ductal carcinoma in situ. There was also evidence of tuberculosis mastitis at histological examination of the breast specimen.

Breast tuberculosis has known as a rare disease even in endemic countries. Coexistence of breast carcinoma and tuberculosis mastitis is very rare but it could lead to many problems regarding diagnosis and treatment.

Primary angiosarcoma of the breast is a rare malignant tumor. Diagnostic breast imaging includes mammography and ultrasound, which are usually nonspecific. A 42-year-old woman with angiosarcoma of the breast is presented. Physical findings showed a hard exophytic mass in the upper part of the left breast, with skin discoloration overlaying the mass. Mammography revealed a high density well defined mass in the left breast, without any micro-calcification and speculation. On ultrasound examination, a hypoechoic mass with a well-defined margin and heterogenous echogenicity was detected. A core needle biopsy and excisional biopsy were performed, and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of angiosarcoma. The patient underwent simple mastectomy. We present the mammographic and ultrasonographic features of a case of primary breast angiosarcoma with exophytic growth.

Genital tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of infertility in the developing countries, where hysterosalpingography (HSG) remains an initial diagnostic procedure in the evaluation of tubal and peritoneal factors leading to infertility.

The aim of this study was to determine the HSG findings of genital TB in infertile women.

We retrospectively reviewed HSG findings in 20 women with genital tuberculosis. HSG was performed in these women as part of infertility work up over 5 years. The other diagnostic procedures used included endometrial curettage and biopsy, histological examination, culture, laparoscopy, hysteroscopy and polymerase chain reaction.

The mean age of the participants was 30.5±8 years. All women had clinical history of infertility for at least 4 years. Women presented with pelvic abdominal pain (30-35%) and menstrual disturbances (20-25%). Reviewing 20 cases of female genital TB were encountered various presentations on HSG.

HSG is an invaluable procedure in suggesting the diagnosis of genital TB in patients being investigated for infertility.

The aim of this study was to categorize abnormal mammographic findings in 1000 patients according to Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) and to report most common age of abnormal mammographic findings, average age of incidence of malignancy and determination of suitable age to start the screening process in women. 1000 patients attending Radiology department for mammographic screening during 2007-2008 were asked to participate in this study. One radiologist evaluated the mammograms and categorized patients based on the BI-RADS. The average age of patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma and in situ ductal carcinoma was 48±6.51years. The average age of patients in category 5 (that translates into “probably malignant”) was (53±7.87) years. The average age of patients in other categories except for category 0 and category 1 that translates into “negative” was (52.07±7.81) years. There was also a significant relationship between patient’s age and BI-RADS categories according to findings of this study. Based on early incidence of irregular mammographies (52.07 years) and early incidence of malignant findings in such mammographies (48± 6.51 years), it is suggested to implement screening programs in a great scale for patients older than 35 years old. Based on high percentage of patients with increased breast density findings in mammograms (11.6%) and diagnosis of two cases with invasive ductal carcinoma in this group, we recommend sonography of patients with such findings to rule out the presence or absence of malignancy with a higher accuracy for which mammograms lack a diagnostic value.

Intracystic carcinoma of the breast is a rare form of breast carcinoma. Among all malignant breast tumors, this lesion has an incidence of 0.2-0.5%. These neoplasms have certain characteristic imaging findings which help to differentiate these lesions from other focal breast abnormalities.This report is on the case of a 48-year-old woman with a palpable, painless lump in her right breast. mammography demonstrated an oval well-circumscribed mass without calcification. Breast ultrasonography showed a cystic lesion with an intracystic solid component projecting from its posterior wall. Cyst aspiration revealed a hemorrhagic fluid and a suspicious cytology. Excisional biopsy revealed papillary carcinoma suggesting of intracystic papillary carcinoma.

Breast tuberculosis is considered a rare clinical entity throughout the world. It has no defined clinical manifestation. Radiological imaging is not diagnostic also. Diagnosis is based on identification of typical histological features or cultures. Patient: A 48-year old woman was admitted because of a painful lump in her right breast. Her mammogram showed a lobulated mass, accompanied by swelling and retraction of the skin and nipple, suspected to be carcinoma. The diagnosis was made by histopathologic study and revealed to be tuberculosis. The tumor was excised and anti- tuberculosis drugs were commenced. Satisfactory out comes revealed during follow up. Breast tuberculosis is a rare form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis which may presents with features of breast carcinoma. The basis of treatment is anti-tuberculosis antibiotic therapy, and conservative surgery for any residual masses or deformities