فهرست مطالب yoosefi

This paper presents a new iterative algorithm for finite element modelling of an inversed design (outer rotor) circumferential flux cylindrical hysteresis motor. Proposed algorithm consists of two iteration loops for each input voltage, one to find the exciting current of the stator winding and the other for the air-gap voltage. Due to hysteresis characteristic being multi-valued which leads to the impossibility of direct introduction to the most of common finite element software, coupling a programming environment and the finite element software is employed. Employment of this coupling in each one of the interior iterations, the hysteresis loop is introduced to the finite element model of the motor via applying exciting current to the stator windings and spatial distribution of magnetization to hysteresis ring. Also, in order to create comparison possibility of the finite element results, an iterative modeling algorithm based on analytical equations is presented. It is shown that the results of both modeling methods are closed to each other with good accuracy.

there is lack of evidence on the effect of β-Alanine supplementation on performance in the short time and intense activities. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of β-Alanine supplementation on serum lactate response and muscular endurance in male bodybuilders.
Twenty bodybuilders (age: 21.1±0.87 yr, height: 176. 75±1. 82 cm and weight: 77. 24±1. 32 kg) participated for this study. Subjects were divided in two groups consuming β-Alanine supplementation (3 gr /day) and placebo (dextrose) in a double blind design. Before and after supplementation, serum lactate indices and muscular endurance were measured. Blood samples were collected from the subjects before and after receiving supplementation or the placebo. For data analysis from Independent t and Paired t test was used to determine differences in the groups and significance level was considered p The results showed that upper body muscular endurance (p =0.023) and lower body (p =0. 027) have significantly increased in β-Alanine group compared to the placebo group. In the lactate variable, in the group of β-Alanine, significant changes were not observed compared to the placebo group (p = 0. 92).
Supplementation with β-Alanine (3 g / day) caused a significant increase in muscle endurance but nosignificant decrease in serum lactate was detected.

A 28-week experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary energy and digestible methionine level on performance and reproductive traits of broiler breeder hens, using 280 Arian broiler breeder hens and 20 males at 26 weeks of age. The experiment was done as 2×2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replicates. Dietary treatments were formulated with 2 levels of energy (2740 and 2540 kcal/kg) and 2 levels of digestible methionine (0.25 and 0.28%). Dietary energy level had no significant effect on egg production, egg weight and feed conversion ratio, but hens were received lower energy level had a lower daily weight gain compared to the hens received recommended energy level (P

Damask Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is an important medicinal and industrial species. To achieve more and better-quality essential oil identifying the superior accessions of Damask Rose and their genetic relationships is very important. For a detailed review of the relationship among the genotypes of this species and variations in the essential oil composition, the use of multivariate statistical analysis could be useful. In this study, 25 different accessions of Damask Rose were collected from Kermanshah province and other regions of Iran and were planted in a randomized complete blocks design. The essential oil was extracted from the petals with hydrodistillation method. Essential oil composition was identified by using the gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and the amount (percentage) of each composition was measured. Essential oil compositions were evaluated using cluster analysis. According to the results of cluster analysis, the accessions were grouped in four groups. Discriminant analysis confirmed the results of cluster analysis. Component analysis showed that the accessions were in four groups and there were four different trends among the accessions studied for the chemical compositions of essential oils. According to the correlation analysis, the two important factors, geraniol and citronellol, which increased the quality of essential oil compounds in damask rose, showed a significant positive relationship with each other and with citronellyl acetate and geranial.

This paper presents sizing, energy management strategy, and cost analysis for a configuration consisting of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, fuel cell (FC) storage system, and reverse osmosis (RO) desalination technology for combined power and fresh water production. In this system, PV is the main power supply source; fuel cell is a storage system accompanied by Hydrogen production and storage devices; and for fresh water production, RO technology is considered as desalination unit. Energy production strategy, developed on the basis of solar irradiance, hourly electricity consumption, and daily fresh water demand to minimize the capacity of components. To this goal, a flowchart diagram is designed, and sizing method is modeled using MATLAB software based on this flowchart. Finally, economic analysis for co-production of fresh water and electricity is discussed, and results of sensitivity analysis for variations of net present value (NPV) cost in terms of different fuel cell storage system prices and different interest rates are presented. Results show that described energy management strategy causes the configuration to follow hourly electrical demand and daily fresh water requirement precisely, so that the total surplus energy production during a day is very little and negligible. Moreover, calculations show that the largest part of costs is due to the energy storage system. So, while the solar PV is the main energy source and solar irradiance in Khark Island more than Astara, the overall configuration cost is greater in Khark Island just because of greater energy storage system costs, nevertheless, using such energy storage systems is necessary due to intermittent inherent of solar energy.

This research was aimed to study the effectiveness of family therapy based on Bowen’s emotional system therapy and logo therapy in improvement of suicide tendency among counseling-seeking clients of Islamic Azad University, in Iranian city of Sanandaj. This was an experimental study, with pretest and post-test, with control group. Sixty students out of all referring clients were selected through random sampling method. Applying Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation Scale (1979) & diagnostic interview based on DSM- IV- R, suicide tendency of students was assessed. These 60 subjects were randomly assigned in equal numbers into three groups (20 subjects in each group – Bowen, logotherapy, control). The results showed relatively equal amount of effect by Bowen’s emotional system therapy and logo therapy, in improvement of suicide tendency of participating students. Due to the mentioned findings, it can be recommended that counselors and psychotherapists use either approach in helping young people who may be suffering from suicidal ideations or tendencies.

This study sets out Codification and to examine a comparison of the effectiveness of religious (Tavakol) and Metacognitive therapy on family functioning among Corps staff, Sanandaj city. The design of the study is as quasi-experimental and pre - post test and Follow up to the one of the dependent variables- Family Functioning Scales-, between Corps staff of experimental and evidence groups. Therefore, all hypotheses concerning the effectiveness of religious (Tavakol) and metacognitive therapy on Functioning among Corps staff, were confirmed. conducted on the control group. The data population includes all of Corps staff of Sanandaj city, one of the provinces of Kurdistan. 45 subjects were selected at random from among the data population. Using the tools of Family Assessment Device (FAD), the scales of independent variables of Family Functioning Corps staff were measured within Corps staff (pre test) and in the end, based on random situation sampling, subjects were arranged in three 15- groups i.e. religious (Tavakol) and metacognitive therapy, and evidence group. The results of Multi Analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) showed that controlling pre test all variables of groups indicate the existence of a significant difference, at least with regard The findings of the study, furthermore, showed that although both religious (Tavakol) and etacognitive therapy have almost a similar effect on Functioning. Based on research findings, religious (Tavakol) and etacognitive therapy have almost a similar effect on Functioning. So, it would be better for Counselor and therapist to prepare programs to improve Family Functioning in such peopel.

To evaluate of phosphorus fertilizer and planting density effect on flower production and other characteristics of medicinal plant borage (Borago officinalis. L), a split plot experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Mehriz in 2008-2009. Treatments included four levels of phosphorus (0, 50, 100, 150 kg/ha as main factor and three planting distance 20, 40 and 60centimeter as the sub factor were considered. Each experimental unit consisted of 6 line cultivated over 8 m. In this experiment, the traits: number of days to flowering, plant height, average number of flowers per plant, flower yield per unit area and total biomass were studied. The results showed that different levels of phosphorus fertilizer and planting density were effective on the above characteristics. Effect of rows distance and phosphorus fertilizer on flower yield was significant at the 1% level. The flowers yield per unit area increased with decreasing distance between the rows, so that the row spacing of 20 cm with 778.4 kg/ha had the highest yield. The highest flower yield (with 682.9 kg / ha) was belong to the highest levels of phosphorus (150 kg/he) fertilizer.

In order to evaluate the effect of zeolite (0، 10، 20 and 30 t/ha) and nitrogen fertilizer (0، 80، 160 and 240 kg/ha) on growth and yield of Calendula officinalis L.، a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture، Urmia University in 2010. Results showed the significant effect of nitrogen on the yield and harvest index of essential oil، and significant interaction effect between zeolite and nitrogen on the yield of flower، grain and seed oil، the yield of aerial part (leaf and stem)، biological yield for flower harvest (flower، leaf and stem)، biological yield for grain harvest (grain، leaf and stem)، total biological yield (flower، grain، leaf and stem)، harvest index of flower، grain and seed oil. The lowest yield of total biomass (111. 04 kg/ha) and yield of flower (419. 9 kg/ha) belonged to control treatment. The minimum yield of grain (1888. 3 kg/ha) and seed oil (276. 2 kg/ha) were obtained from 20 t/ha zeolite and 0 kg/ha nitrogen applications. The maximum yield of flower (900. 3 kg/ha) and total biomass (26955 kg/ha) were obtained from 0t/ha zeolite and 80 kg/ha nitrogen. While، the highest yield of grain (3577. 3 kg/ha) and seed oil (723. 1 kg/ha) belonged to 20 t/ha zeolite with 80 and 240 kg/ha nitrogen، respectively. The highest yield (6. 26 kg/ha) and harvest index (0. 10083 %) of essential oil were obtained from 80 kg/ha of nitrogen application

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of goal orientation and perceived motivational climate with sportsmanship orientation indexes. Participants were 366 male athletes (mean age=17.51±2.47) who were selected using cluster random method. The subjects completed Task and Ego Orientation in Sport (TEOSQ), Perceived Motivational Climate (PMCQ) questionnaire and Multidimensional Sportsmanship Orientation Scale (MOSO) respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a positive significant relationship of task orientation and perceived task motivational climate with respecting sport rules and regulations, respecting the opponents, and respecting social conventions (p≤0.01). Regression analysis revealed that perceived task motivational climate was the only predictor of respecting rules and regulations, respecting the opponents, and respecting social conventions (p≤0.01). In conclusion, athletes in a task motivational climate will be more willing to act morally and observe sportsmanship orientation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between effort- reward imbalance and burnout among physical education teachers. Statistical samples were 189(89%) of teachers who had at least three year work experience in Kermanshah schools. Research design was cross- sectional using AMOS path way analysis. Participant completed demographic questionnaire, Maslach burnout inventory (MBI: Maslach, Jackson, & Leiter, 1996) and Siegris effort- reward imbalance questionnaire (ERIQ: Siegrist et al. 2004). Results showed there is significant relationship between effort- reward imbalance with over commitment. In addition, effort- reward imbalance had direct effect on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Moreover over-commitment had direct effect on emotional exhaustion. Therefore effort- reward imbalance could impact on teachers’ emotional exhaustion and depersonalization as core of burnout symptoms.

This paper shows the coordinates influence on singularity of a three degree-of-freedom structure, namely, three-Universal-Prismatic-Spherical (3-UPS) parallel manipulator. Rotational coordinates, which are chosen to define the orientation of the platform, affect the singularity of the manipulator. Euler parameters, which don''t have any inherent geometrical singularity are utilized, however they are dependent coordinates. This paper shows the advantage of Euler parameters rather than Euler angles as the rotational coordinates for the manipulator. Additionally, the real loci of singularity for the manipulator due to its structure are predicted.

Many theorists have attempted to illustrate family functions. Bowen developed the theory of the family system. This theory is fundamentally based on the concept of differentiation of self. This study was intended to examine the relationship between self-differentiation and subjective well-being, mental health and marital quality in the framework of Bowen’s theory. In this descriptive-correlation study, 560 subjects were chosen randomly from the clients of counseling centers and house of cultures (Farhang Sara) in Isfahan city. Our research tools were consisted of Differentiation of Self Inventory-2 (DSI-2), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS) and Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS). First, construct validity of questionnaires were examined by confirmatory factor Analysis (CFA). Then, structural model for conceptualization of the relationship between differentiation of self and other factors is presented and fitted by reviewing of preceding studies within framework of Bowen's theory. Result revealed that proportion and sufficiency of model fitting indices is indicator of suitable internal validity. The results of study confirmed construct validity of questionnaires and relationships between self-differentiation and subjective well being, mental health and marital quality” Fitting Bowen's theory”.

The increasing evidences show that global depletion of stratospheric ozone layer is caused by pollutant and growing incidence of the skin cancer and cataract is related to the amounts of solar UV radiation reaching the earth ׳s surface. Therefore, the main driving force behind such efforts has been the lack of an appropriate network in scope monitoring of the terrestrial UV radiation. The present work was performed at Khorram Abad province, Lorestan, Iran. Khorram Abad (48°, 21΄ E and 30°, 23΄ N) is approximately 1171m above the mean sea level. UV radiation was measured using a UV-Biometer Model 501, from November 2005 till November 2006. Hourly average UV- index, the effective power and other parameters such as effective UV dose have been "moderate" from April until the end of August 2006 and very low from November till January 2006. However, in some days, the maximum UVI was in the range of "High", especially in May. It was observed that the monthly average hourly UV index values in Khorram Abad were never at the extreme range. Chronic UVB exposure could be the major cause of eye''s and skin disease in months from April to August, during which most people''s activities were performed outdoor in the province of Lorestan.

To increase the productivity of the organization, several conditions are needed human resource is the most important one. That is why staffs incentive needs, are the most important factor and it happened by increasing their level of their morality and the job satisfaction. To achieve these, their needs in work environment must be identified and satisfied. The aim of this research is to study incentive needs for nursing staffs in selected teaching hospitals of universities of medical sciences according Maslow's needs hierarchy. This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The statistical population are Namazi, Shahid Faghihi, Shahid Chamran, Hafez, and Khalili hospitals. Some 141 nurses have been involved in study selected by stratified random sampling. The needed information have been collected by questioners and analyzed using SPSS software calculation. Data showed that all fifth levels of Maslow's needs had a high level of incentive needs and evaluating and comparing the average incentive needs, and the respect need has the maximum score. Also, it showed there are a significant meaningful relation between physiological needs and age and sex, receptiveness and job situation variables, job experience and age, the respect needs and job experience and age factors. However there is no significant relation between security needs and self- dehiscence. according to the achieved data, the fifth level incentive needs for nursing staff in Namazi, Faghihi, Chamram, Hafez,and khalili hospitals are listed as below: 1.Need to respect, 2.Physiologic needs, 3.Needs to kindness and love, 4Need to security, 5.Need to self- dehiscence.

Hyperinsulinism is responsible for about 55% of hypoglycemia in children less than 1 year old. In this study pancreas from 8 children with idiopathic hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy(HHI) who underwent pancreatectomy in Ali-Asghar Hospital from 10 years ago were examined, using histochemical method and morphometric measurements. The children ranged from 3 to 13 months, and were presented with seizure. They all had positive glucagon test and high serum ins/glu ratio and were unresponsive to medical therapy(Diazoxide, Somatostatin or Hidrocortisone). Sections were studied with particular reference to islet cell distribution in patients and controls. Quantitative assessments were made of islet size and total surface area of pancreas occupied by endocrine tissue. Four patients had diffuse islet cell hyperplasia and others showed multifocal islet cell hyperplasia, islet cell dysplasia, adenoma and normal pancreas, respectively. Immunostaining can show any recapitulation of islet structure or increase of B cells. Furthermore, frozen section study during surgery can help to distinguish different pathologies of HHI.