younes khademi

The normal amount of the hormones ghrelin and insulin play an important role in energy balance, regulation of weight, and prevention of type 2diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic activity on hormones ghrelin and insulin and weight in men.

In this semi-experimental study, 80 young men with an average age of 24.25±1.73 years, weight 74.23 were divided into four groups, Exercise – supplementation (ES), exercise (E), supplementation (S) and control groups (C). The subjects of the ES and E groups participated in an aerobic exercise program with an intensity of 65-75% of maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2 max) for 3 sessions per week and for 8 weeks. Subjects in the ES and S group was given 21 omega-3 capsules (one gram each capsule) each week to take 3 times a day after each main meal for 8 weeks. At baseline and at the end of 8 weeks, the levels of the hormones ghrelin and insulin were measured by blood samples by ELISA method and also weight was measure.

The results of the analysis of variance test showed that after 8 weeks, the total amount of ghrelin and insulin respectively, in the ES groups (p = 0.001, p = 0.001), E (p = 0.001, p = 0.001) and S (p = 0.045, p = 0.016) increased and decreased significantly. There was no change in the levels of ghrelin and insulin in the control group (p = 0.621). Also weight in the ES group (p =0.005), E (p = 032) and S (p = 0.034) decreased significantly. No change was observed in C group.

Based on the results, it was found that physical exercise alone and physical exercise along with omega-3 supplementation cause significant changes in the levels of ghrelin and insulin hormones and weight in young men. These changes may help control and prevent diabetes and its complications.

The natriuretic pituitary is secreted from the heart and research has shown that exercise training affect these peptides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks endurance, resistance and combination training on natriuretic peptides. A total of 36 students with a mean age of 25/36 ± 2/52 and BMI of 23/479 ± 0/959 were randomly divided into 4 groups: endurance (9 subjects), resistance (9 subjects), combination (9 subjects) and control (9 subjects) were divided. Subjects: Exercise, resistance, combination for 8 weeks and 4 sessions per week. The endurance group performed the program for 25 to 40 minutes and 65 to 85 percent of the maximum heart rate (HRmax) for each session, The resistance group was 50 percent one repetition (1-RM) and The combined group performed 2 sessions of endurance training and 2 sessions of resistance training each week. Blood samples were taken from subjects before and 48 hours after the test to measure ANP and NTproBNP hormones. T-test, one way ANOVA and LSD follow-up were used for data analysis using SPSS19 software. (Significance α≤0/05). Endurance training has a significant effect on ANP decrease (p≥0/05), however, there is no significant effect on BNP (P≤0/05); endurance training compared to resistance and combination has a greater effect on ANP reduction, as well as resistance training and The combination has no significant effect on ANP and BNP (p≤0/05). It seems that endurance training has a better effect on natriuretic peptides than resistance and combined exercises.

Inflammation plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) are important inflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the interactive effects of high intensity interval exercises (HIIT) with flaxseed oil consumption on IL-1β and LCN-2 gene expressions in the heart tissue of rats. In this experimental study, 20 adult male Wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into four groups of five rats: (1) Control, (2) HIIT, (3) 20 mg/kg of flaxseed oil, and (4) HIIT with mg/kg 20 flaxseed oil. Groups 2 and 4 ran on a treadmill for 10 weeks and five weeks each, with 90% to 95% intensity of VO2max. For analysis of the research findings, Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical analysis and two-way ANOVA were used (P ≤ 0.05). Ten weeks of HIIT (P = 0.001) and flaxseed oil consumption (P = 0.03) had a significant effect on reducing the LCN-2 gene expression in the heart tissue of rats. However, 10 weeks of HIIT (P = 0.19) and flaxseed oil consumption (P = 0.19) had no significant effect on IL-1β gene expression in the heart tissue of rats. In addition, 10 weeks of HIIT with flaxseed oil has no interactive effects on IL-1β (P = 0.91) and LCN-2 (P = 0.99) in the heart tissue of rats. Although it seems that the simultaneous use of flaxseed oil with HIIT does not have interactive effects on IL-1β and LCN-2 gene expressions in the heart tissue of rats, the use of flaxseed oil and HIIT alone results in improved LCN-2 gene expression in the heart tissue of rats.

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease may be due to inflammation and systemic inflammation plays an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. ICAM-1 is one of the important factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is an inflammatory effect of physical activity and plant protection products on the response it is not well known.
Methods Thirty Wistar rats were selected as sample. Rats were randomly divided into six groups of five, including control, exercise, extracts dose of 10 mg / kg, extract dose 30 mg / kg, a dose of extract practice mg / kg 10, and extracts Practice dose of 30 mg / kg, respectively. Training groups, five sessions per week for 10 weeks, intense interval training involves running on a treadmill with an intensity of 90 to 95 percent of VO2max for rodents, at specified hours during the day. After the rats were sacrificed and the heart tissue, and to measure gene expression of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 were used.
ResultData analysis showed that the expression of ICAM-1 has been reduced in training supplement groups The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule receptor (ITG) has decreased in the exercise and supplement group.
The results of this study show that both exercise and extract significant effect on gene expression of ICAM-1. And decreased expression of ICAM-1 was also flax oil ICAM-1 gene expression was also reduced. The findings of this study showed that the combination of training and flax oil reduces the expression of ICAM-1 compared to the control group. So it is likely that this method can be used as a way to prevent cardiovascular disease.