فهرست مطالب yousef aazami

The study aimed to examine the role of religious commitment and life expectancy in predicting post-traumatic growth in patients with types of cancer. This research was a descriptive-analytic study. The statistical population consisted of all patients with all types of cancer referred to hospitals of Imam Khomeini and Shariati, District 6, Imam Hossein (PBUH), District 7, and Super Speciality Clinic of Women's Breast Disease of Jahad Daneshgahi, District 11, Tehran, 2020. The research sample consisted of 219 people with cancer who were selected by purposive sampling. The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) by Tedeschi & Calhoun (1996), the Life Expectancy Questionnaire (LEQ) by Snyder & et al. (1991), and the Religious Commitment Questionnaire (RCI) by Worthington & et al. (2003) were used to collect data. Pearson correlation and concurrent regression analysis were used to analyze data. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between religious commitment and life expectancy with post-trauma growth, and religious commitment and life expectancy can predict post-trauma growth by 6.7% (p<0.005). According to findings, religious commitment and life expectancy play a role in predicting post-traumatic growth in patients with different types of cancer.

The present study was conducted with the aim of design the post-traumatic growth pattern in burn patients. The qualitative research method was based on grounded theory, and the statistical population of the research was burn patients who were identified and introduced to the researchers through the support Association for Support of Burned Patients (Phoenix), Shahid Motahari Clinic and Hospital in 2019. The sampling method was initially purposeful and gradually continued as theoretical sampling. Based on the theoretical data saturation method, the sample size was 15 people who were interviewed. The post-traumatic growth questionnaire was used for screening, and those who scored higher than the average in this scale and met other entry criteria were selected. All the interviews were analyzed with Granheim and Landmann content analysis approach and with open, central and selective coding. The findings related to the concepts of post-traumatic growth included the main concepts of positive religious beliefs and a new outlook on life, The second finding in relation to the influencing factors (barriers and facilitators) of post-traumatic growth showed that the barriers include the main concepts of society's reactions, individual limitations, lifestyle disorders and individual mental states, and the facilitators include multifocal support, altruism. , motivation, modeling, mental and social security, dynamic interaction with others. The last finding of the research regarding the process of post-traumatic growth in burn patients showed that this process includes the main concepts of positive developments, spiritual changes and personal strength (resilience). The results of this research can be used as a model for formulating therapeutic and rehabilitation interventions in accordance with the existing cultural context for burn patients.

The aim of the current research was to compare resilience, mental health and health anxiety in Treatment staff working in corona and non-corona departments.

The design of the current research was causal-comparative. The statistical population included all the employees working in the ground forces hospitals of Tehran Army who were working in 1401. From this statistical population, 278 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Resilience Questionnaire (CD-RISC), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Health Anxiety Questionnaire (HAI) were used to measure research variables. The research data was analyzed using statistical methods of multiway analysis of variance and using SPSS-23 software.

The results indicated that there is a difference between the two groups of Treatment staff subjects working in the Corona ICU and non-coronavirus ICUs in resilience, mental health, except in the subscale of social functioning and health anxiety at the level of p≤0.05. Also, the results of the data analysis showed that the average scores of resilience, mental health and health anxiety were better in the non-corona ward treatment staff group. On the other hand, there was a difference between the two groups in the scores of resilience, mental health, except for the subscale of social functioning and health anxiety.

According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the nurses of the corona ward feel less mental health in themselves, this leads to the occurrence of psychological disorders in them, which requires more attention and investigation by the relevant authorities.

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychological disorders and their causes in children of labor using a descriptive survey. In the initial screening, a sample of 300 children (aged between 6 to 16) was randomly chosen from the population of children under the auspices of Alborz Province Welfare Organization in 2018-19, considering demographic variable. In the next stage, 150 individuals who scored higher than the cut-off point in the screening stage were selected. To determine the prevalence of psychological disorders, the Children Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used, and to determine the pathology of the disorders, the Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire was used. Chi-square and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that behavioral disorder with a frequency of 36 people (24%) had the highest prevalence, followed by major depressive disorder with a frequency of 29 people (19.3%). Asperger's syndrome was the least common with a frequency of 6 people (4%). Moreover, the finding revealed that a combination of individual, family and social factors contribute to the onset of psychological disorders that vary depending on the disorder. Our findings highlight the need for mental health professionals and social workers to implement educational and therapeutic courses and workshops for these children and their families

Retirement is one of the important events in the elderly that can affect the one’s quality of life. Consequently, The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of personality traits, coping strategies and religious attitudes in predicting quality of life in retireds. The study was of descriptive-correlational type. The statistical population included all the retireds of Nahavand, Iran among whom 200 were selected through random sampling. Study tools consisted of NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), Religious Attitude Scale (RAS) and WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL-26). Data were analyzed through Pearson’s correlation coefficient and enter multiple regression. The results indicated that there were relationship between Big Five personality traits (except for openness) and quality of life as such, neuroticism had a negative significant correlation with quality of life and extraversion, and agreeableness and conscientiousness had positive significant correlation with quality of life. There was no significant relationship between religious attitudes and quality of life. The problem focused coping strategy had a positive significant, the emotional focused coping strategy had a negative insignificant, and the avoidance coping strategy had a positive medium relationship (0.30, p < 0.01) with the quality of life. The results of multiple regression also showed that personality traits, coping strategies and religious attitudes could predict 43% of variance of the quality of life. Based on the aforemebtioned results, it could be said that the improvement of the quality of life are impressed by personality traits and coping strategies that people apply when they encounter stress.

Burn is one of the traumatic events that causes posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The burn survivors often experience major psychological problems. This study evaluated the effectiveness of psychosocial model-based treatment plan on emotion regulation strategies in people with PTSD after burn injury. The research method was semi experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. All patients referring to Tehran Shahid Motahari Burn Rescue Hospital participated by using simple random sampling method in 2017. Thirty patients with PTSD diagnosis were selected to the experimental and control groups. The treatment program was conducted during 12 sessions and followed up after two months in the experimental group. The tools of study included a structured diagnostic interview based on the 5th edition of diagnostic and statistical guide (DSM-5), PTSD index (PCL-5) and emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ). The results were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and t correlation. Findings: The results showed that the treatment program increased the re-evaluation component (as a positive emotion regulation strategy) and decreased repression scores (as a negative strategy) in PTSD patients due to burn injuries and this effect has been lasting for two months. Based on the results, it can be concluded that psychosocial therapeutic program is an effective program for PTSD patients and can affect their emotion regulation strategies.

Objective Because burns are one of the traumatic events that causes Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the scar caused by an accident causes changes in the skin and the appearance of the patient, these people will have problems in their social relationships that affect their lives and social skills. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of psychosocial model-based treatment plan on social skills of people with PTSD resulting from burn.
Materials & Methods The present study was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, following the review of literature and therapeutic theories and concepts based on the psychosocial perspective, a plan was developed. Then, in order to validate the treatment program, 10 specialists and experts in clinical and health psychology department were consulted to determine the validity of the proposed plan. In the second stage, after designing and validating the program, a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design with control group was implemented. The statistical population included all female patients referring to Tehran Shahid Motahari Burn Rescue Hospital in 2017. They were evaluated in a two stage sampling. In the first step, according to simple random sampling method, a semi-structured diagnostic interview was conducted based on DSM-5 psychiatric disorders criteria by a clinical psychologist and by performing a PTSD checklist screening. In the second stage based on simple random sampling method, 30 patients were selected from the subjects with PTSD (In each group of 15 people, with a drop in the post-test phase, 13 patients in examination group and 15 in the control group remained). The psychosocial treatment program was conducted in 12 sessions and followed up for two months in the experimental group. Measurement tools including semi-structured diagnostic interviews based on DSM-5, PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5) and Social Skills Inventory (SSI) were used to collect data, and the results were analyzed in SPSS V. 22 by performing MANCOVA to examine the effect of intervention and dependent t test on the survival of the treatment.
Results The results showed that the program had acceptable content validity so that the Content Validity Index (CVI) based on the Lawshe method for the treatment program was 0.85 (with a minimum acceptable value of 0.62 for this number of specialists), and the CVI based on the Waltz and Bausell method for the treatment program was 0.92 (The minimum acceptable value is 0.79). Accordingly, the content validity and the CVI of the program are acceptable. The results of the treatment intervention showed that considering the higher mean scores of the experimental group compared to control group in the post-test and follow up stage, the psychosocial model-based program improved social skills, including social expression, emotional expression, social sensitivity, emotional sensitivity, social control, and emotional control in people with PTSD due to burn injuries (P<0.05). The results of t dependent test to determine the survival rate of treatment by comparing pretest and follow-up of the experimental group showed that the effect of the plan on improving social skills remained in the follow-up phase (P<0.05).
Conclusion Based on the results, patients with PTSD due to burned scar have a disadvantage in terms of proper social communication and social skills. Also a psychosocial model-based therapeutic program can effectively improve the social skills of patients with PTSD due to burns

Burn has a major impact on the life quality of patients and disrupts their physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of treatment program based on psycho -social model on improving life quality in individuals affected by PTSD resulting from burn. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-post-test design with control group. The statistical population included all patients referring to Tehran Shahid Motahari Burn Hospital in 2017. 30 patients with PTSD diagnosis were replaced in two experimental and control groups using a simple randomized sampling method. The research tools were as follows: a diagnostic structured interview based on DSM-5, post-traumatic stress disorder checklist (PCL-5) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-26). The treatment program was conducted during 12 sessions and was followed up after two months of the experimental group. The results were analyzed using multivariable analysis of covariance and paired-samples T Test. The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that the F value was significant for dimensions of life quality including physical dimension (F=4.398), mental dimension (F=4.810), social dimension (F=8.120), and then, physical environment (F=10.49) (p≤0.05). Therefore, the treatment program based on psycho-social model is effective on the dimensions of the life quality. The results of dependent t-test were significant to investigate the survival rate of the treatment program. The psycho-social treatment program can be used as an effective and special treatment to improve the life quality of individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder due to burns.

People with high resilience, under stressful conditions and disadvantaged situations, maintain their psychological well-being and have psychological adaptability. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of resilience and stress management programs on psychological well-being, meaning of life, optimism, and life satisfaction of female-headed households.
The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all females under the welfare organization of Khomein City, from which 48 people were selected by the simple random method and replaced in two experimental and control groups. The data were collected using the Ryff psychological wellbeing scale, Crambeff and Mahulik's Meaningful Life Questionnaire, Carver and Scheier Optimism Scale, and Diner Life Satisfaction Scale. The results were analyzed using one-variable and multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS-22 software.
The results of the study showed that the program for promoting resilience and stress management improved the psychological well-being of the experimental group. In other words, the results showed that promotion of resilience and stress management improved the components of independence, self-empowerment, personal growth, positive relationship with others, lifestyle, and acceptance (P Based on the findings of the research, it can be said that resilience and optimal management of stress are an internal quality that enable one to maintain himself in the face of adverse conditions and stresses in life, and thus promotes psychological well-being, lifestyle, optimism, and life satisfaction.

The present study is aimed at dealing with stress management strategies and impulsivity in opiate abusers, sedative and stimulus is conducted. In the study, a causal-comparative method was adopted. Research participants included 180 drug users inhabiting the already determined addiction centers in Shiraz. They were selected using Available random sampling. To collect the data, stress management strategies and impulsivity scales were employed, and to analyze the results, descriptive statistical methods and variance analysis were used. The results indicated that abuse stimulating consumers significantly more than consumers emotion-centered use of opioids and moderator of coping strategies virgin (0.007), but abusers response-moderator (0.26) and opioids - moderator (0.43) were not significantly different. As well as the construction abusers significantly greater impulsivity as compared to the stimulus (0.012) and opioids (0.005) showed, but stimulants and opioids two groups had no significant differences in impulsivity variables (0.94). It can be said that the research is based on the type of substance, in terms of coping with stress and control of their impulsivity, of consumers stimulants other than using virgin materials more negatively of coping with stress and drug abuse-moderator of impulsivity than other people are experiencing abuse.

Background and Depression, anxiety, and stress and measuring their levels are regarded as important issues in health. This research aimed at investigating the sex equivalence and invariance of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) in Iranian male and female students.
A correlational study was done in 976 students (647 females and 329 males) in Shahid Beheshti University, 2014. The study population included all new students in undergraduate courses selected via complete enumeration. The participants responded to DASS and Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scales (RSPWB-SF). Data analysis was carried out in Amos 24.
The three factor model (depression, anxiety, and stress) was confirmed through CFA for all students and goodness-of-fit indices showed that the model well fitted the data. The negative correlation between DASS and RSPWB-SF also confirmed the validity of the scale. Moreover, factor structure of the scale was invariant between males and females which showed that the interpretations of latent structures were the same between the two groups. The results of ANOVA also showed no significant differences between male and female students in anxiety and stress but a slight difference was found between them in depression.
The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale could be used as an assessment tool in research studies and clinical situations in both gender.

Failure in emotional regulation process was reported as a major problem in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In the emotional schema therapy (EST), the roles of emotions and emotion processing strategies are substantial. This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of EST in emotional schema (ES) of women with OCD. It was a quasi-experimental study. The statistical population included all women visiting consulting centers in Nishabur in 2014-2015. The research sample consisted of 20 patients with OCD (10 persons as the intervention group and 10 persons in the waiting list), selected using convenience sampling technique. The intervention group received a two-hour per week for 12 sessions. The research instrument included Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and Leahy Emotional Schema Scale. Data were analyzed with ANCOVA. Results from data analysis suggested a significance difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of Validity, Comprehensibility, Guilt, Higher Values, Control, Numbness , Duration, Consensus, Expression and Blame; whereas, the two groups were not significantly different in terms of Simplistic View of Emotion, Rational, Acceptance of Feelings and Rumination. In general, results of this study show that EST has positive effect on the reduction of OCD and can be used as an effective method in correcting several emotional schemas in women with OCD.

The available psychological theories have mentioned different factors causing stress and on the other hand, very little attention has been paid to this issue from religious and spiritual perspectives. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the reasons of stress from the perspective of Quran and Hadith.
Qualitative method was used as the research method. In this study, conventional content analysis of Quran and Hadith was used. In the content analysis method, because of focusing on texts and documents, the term of "analysis resource selection" was used instead of research population. The Holy Quran, Mizan Alhekmeh, Hadith Al-Kafi, and Tafsire Mozoei of the Holy Quran from Javadi Amoli were used as the analysis resources. At first, the Quran experts’ opinions were merely used to extract the kind of terms and also to know how to extract them. Then, key words of stress in the Arabic language based on Islamic sources (including warn, painful, dire, liver, alboads, adversity, fear, sin, sorrow, tax, purchase, regret, sadness, joyless, abject) were identified. Through open coding, each of the units of analysis were imported to coding sheets. In the next step, through interviewing and providing an expert panel based on the categories extracted from the verses of the Quran and Hadith, 20 experts and psychologists who were familiar with religious sources were referred to. These experts and psychologist were asked to share their opinions and comments about categorizing components and prioritizing these categories. In order to achieve reliability between coders after having a clear definition of categories and training, three experts for coding were asked and the agreement (reliability) between coders was calculated to be 76 percent. Eventually, based on experts’ categories, a schematic conceptual model was extracted from them.
The results showed that material pleasures (worldliness, and attachment to it), being hasty, turning away from the remembrance of God, lack of resilience, gossip, economic hardship, lack of attention to prayers, long ambitions, lack of fear of God, not being married, despair, ingratitude, jealousy and hatred are factors causing stress.
Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that from the perspective of religious sources, the mentioned factors are the main causes of stress. This means paying attention to these factors can help therapists and clients understand the nature of stress and to present treatment strategies.

Background and Today, many psychologists have confirmed the healing role of religion and spirituality and its impact on the mental health. Therefore, the present study has been performed to design and develop the religious model of the stress management according to Quran and Hadith.
The method of the study, due to ruling framework, is the qualitative method used the conventional content analysis of the verses of Quran and Hadith. In the content analysis method, there has been used the term “the selection of analysis resources” instead of the research population that the analysis resources in this study are included Holy Quran, Mizan al-Hekmah, Usul –alKafi and Thematic Interpretation of Holy Quran by Javadi Amoli. First of all, according to the experts of Quranic sciences, the analysis resources are merely used to extract the statements and their extraction types. Then, there has been determined the key words of the word of “stress” in Arabic in the Islamic resources (including warn, painful, dire, liver, alboads, adversity, fear, sin, sorrow, tax, purchase, regret, sadness, joyless, abject) and hereafter, the information have been coded into sheets by open coding of the analysis units. In the next step, after interviewing and providing the expert panel based on the extracted categories, there has been referred to 20 experts and psychologists who are familiar with religious and psychological resources. They have been asked to give their opinions about the categories of statements and specific items and their prioritization. Then, to achieve the reliability between encodes, after giving the clear definition of the items and training three experts to code the items and categories, the agreement (reliability) level has been evaluated 76% between the codes. Finally, according to the items and categories of the experts, there has been extracted a conceptual mode from them.
Findings: According to the analysis of the verses of Quran and Islamic traditions, the stress management strategies are divided into four general cognitive, behavioral, emotional and multiple-way strategies that each of these methods includes more detailed indicators. Among the cognitive belief in the wisdom of Allah and having stability with insight; among behavioral methods or strategies: patience, praying, repentance, forgiveness, reading Quran and being obedient to commands of Allah in Quran; among emotional strategies: fear of Allah, humbleness before Allah, having hope when involvement and among the multi-way stress management and the strategies to trust in Allah, remembrance of Allah, virtue, praying and charity are respectively the best strategies for the stress management.

Introduction and In the process of development, retirement is a stage of beginning for important potential changes in life and this stage effect on quality life of the retirements. So, present study with the aim of investigating prediction of quality of life through locus of control, meaning of life and marital relationships was performed on retirements of Nahanavand of Iran.
This is a survey study and from correlational type. The population of the present study were all the retirements of Nahavand which based on previous literature 200 of them were selected through random sampling as study sample. Tools were Rotter's Locus of Control Scale (RLCS), Meaning of Life Questionnaire (MLQ), Marital Status Inventory and WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL-26). Data were analyzed through correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression.
Findings: The results of the study showed significant relationship between dependent and independent variables including: a positive weak relation between locus of control and quality of life, a positive medium relation between search for meaning and quality of life, a positive pretty strong relation between presence of meaning and quality of life and finally a negative pretty strong relation between marital status and quality of life. In addition, the results of regression analysis showed that presence of meaning can predict quality of life positively and marital status which higher scores in it means more disruptions in marital relationship, can predicts quality of life negatively and the other independent variables were excluded because of low Beta coefficients.
Based on study results it could be said that individuals with internal control, feeling purposeful in life and more marital satisfaction can deal with retirement better than others and even they can experience a successful retirement which results in experience higher levels of quality of life.

Models and research that has been so far presented in the field of stress and its Principles have more focus on of physiological and psychological factors. So this study aimed to investigate the basics of stress according to the Quran and Hadith informations.
The method of this study based on the prevailing framework is qualitative and qualitative analysis of the content of the Quran and Hadith were used. Sources of analysis were Holy Quran, Mizan Alhekmeh, Hadith Al-Kafi , Tafsier Maozoii of the Holy Quran due to Javadi Amoli. The key words of stress in Arabic in Islamic sources (include warn, painful, Dire, Liver, Alboads, adversity, fear, sin, sorrow, tax, purchase, regret, sadness, joyless, Abject) were identified. Then through open coding each of the units of analysis, import data were coded on sheets. Then, through interviews and providing panels, based on the categories extracted from the sources, meet 20 experts in psychology and also religious sources, and were asked to submit their comments. Then, for reliability between coders to achieve a clear definition of categories and after training three experts for coding categories, the agreement (reliability) between coders was estimated of 76 percent.
Our date are showed that factors of hardship and tribulation, disunity, disobedience and defiance of the God; oppression; wavering faith and the will; neglect of Armageddon, Put partner for God and disbelieve; trampling on the rights of others; plight and caught up as a means of tests and examinations, fear and love of God; standing up and doing God's covenant, fear of guilt, disobedience of Imam Mahdi (AS); audit and investigation actions; to think about the next world; viewpoint and attitude towards worldly affairs; affluence; follow the whims and pleasures of the flesh and usury as bases of stress in the Quran and hadiths are expressed as stress stimulators.
Understanding the basics of stress from the perspective of religious resources can be the basis for identifying and developing local models for stress management and ways to deal with and diminishing stress.

Retirement phenomenon, like other transitional experiences affect marital satisfaction and can lead to tension, conflict and discontent in the late adulthood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of personality traits, religious attitudes and locus of control was in predicting quality of the marital relationship in retireds. This is a survey study and from correlational type. The population of the present study were all the retirements of Nahavand which based on previous literature 200 of them were selected through random sampling as study sample. Tools were NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Religious Attitude Scale (RAS), Rotter's locus of control scale and Golombok-Rust Marital Status Inventory. Data were analyzed through correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Findings: The results showed that among personality traits, neuroticism positively correlated with marital maladjustment situation, and extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness are negatively correlated with marital status. As well as between religious attitude with marital status was a significant negative correlation shows that people feel less marital problems with higher religious attitude, and there was no significant relationship between locus of control and marital status. According to the analysis, neuroticism, extroversion, agreeableness and religious attitude could significantly 42% of the variance of the dependent variable that's mean marital status to predict. Based on the research findings we can say, marital status, especially in retirement is influenced by personality traits and religious attitudes.

Emotion regulation appears to provide individuals with a doubled ability to avoid drug relapse and assists with the control of temptation to reuse, which is a type of tendency-avoidance conflict. The present study aims to investigate the effect of Gross model-based emotion regulation training on the reduction of craving beliefs in drug-addicted people.
The present study was a quasi-experimental design. This was a pre- and post-test design that consisted of control and experimental groups. The study population comprised all addicted individuals who visited addiction treatment clinics in Marivan, Iran. About 30 drug-addicted individuals by the random selection method were chosen. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control groups. Results were analyzed by univariate covariance analysis.
Findings: Gross model-based emotion regulation training reduced signs and beliefs associated with temptation in drug-addicted people (P Considering the present study’s findings, we recommend that addiction treatment centers teach strategies of emotion regulation to drug-addicted people by establishing workshops with the intent to reduce temptation signs.

The aim of this study was to compare early maladaptive schemas and dysfunctional attitudes in drug-dependent and normal individuals. Design of the Study was a causalcomparative study. Population of The current study were addict patients refered to the addiction clinics in Kermanshah city within the first three months of the year 1391. The sample included 75 drug-dependent patients and 75 normal subjects. Drug-dependent individuals were selected by the cluster random sampling and normal individuals were matched with study group according to age, marital status and educational level. For data collection, the short form of the Young Schema Questionnaire (SFYSQ) and the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) were used. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the research data. The result of the study showed that both groups of drug-dependent and normal individuals had significant difference in all maladaptive schemas except the sacrifice schema. Also, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the dysfunctional attitudes. It can be concluded that the early maladaptive schemas and dysfunctional attitudes are the determining factors in tendency towards substance abuse.

The present study examined the relationship of aggression and impulsiveness with readiness for addiction among the students of Allameh Tabatabai University. The methodology applied in this research was cross- analytical. 170 male undergraduate students who study at Allameh Tabataba''i University were selected by two-stage random sampling. To measure the variables، Aggression Questionnaire of Ahvaz، Barrat Impulsiveness scale (BIS) and the readiness for addiction scale of Wade and Butcher were employed. To analyze the findings، the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were used. Results indicated that the variables of aggression and impulsiveness were significantly able to predict the readiness for addiction (P<0. 001). Also، based on the coefficient of determination، aggression and impulsiveness variables together predicted 49 percent of variance of addiction readiness variable. Noting that the variables of aggression and impulsivity can properly predict readiness for addiction، university counseling centers can، through workshops، teach the students different ways of controlling these variables in a variety of situations and so they will be able to prevent the tendency towards drug use.

This study compared the learning styles, study styles and time management in gifted and non-gifted students. This research is descriptive-comparison. Simple random sampling was used to select a sample of 100 students from gifted and non-gifted Kurdistan University are eligible for this research were randomly selected. For data gathering, Vermont and Van Ryjsvyk Learning style questionnaire (ILS), a Marton and Sljv study approaches questionnaire and, Bryton and Tesr management time inventory and demographic characteristics questionnaire was used. For data analysis using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistical methodsere used. Results showed that between gifted and non-gifted students learning styles and study styles there was significant difference, but the two groups were not significantly different in terms of efficient use of time. It is a time management workshops and teaching effective learning and study strategies by educational and counseling services to students by the university authorities to take action to occur.