فهرست مطالب yousef akbari

The main goal of this research is management and comprehensive planning to optimally use the available water resources of Karde dam, using the WEAP model, and supply the demand in the agriculture and drinking sectors, considering the growth of their needs in the future. For this purpose, Karde Dam was first simulated in the environment of WEAP model and the model was implemented for basic conditions and seven different scenarios of development plans. According to the results obtained for the reference scenario, this dam alone does not respond to all the needs defined completely in the horizon of the project, except by applying management measures in the form of scenarios, which will reduce water consumption in different sectors of demand. Among these scenarios are demand management, increasing irrigation efficiency, using both at the same time in one scenario, changing or reducing the cultivation pattern, etc. As a result, by applying the low irrigation scenario and increasing the efficiency at the same time, it is possible to reduce the lack of water demand by 37% compared to the reference scenario, and the reservoir storage volume in this scenario increases by 25% compared to the reservoir storage volume in the reference scenario.

Fire in hospitals and medical centers can lead to unfortunate and dire accidents due to the immobility of most patients, the presence of expensive medical equipment, and the essential role of hospitals in providing health services to people. This study aims to increase fire safety in a healthcare training center in Qazvin.

The latest NFPA 101A was used for fire risk assessment in seven departments of an educational hospital in Qazvin City in 2021-2022. The study calculated the residential risk factor for residents of each area, examined fire safety parameters and determined their risk factor, calculated the obtained points of the area under evaluation, determined the minimum required points in different areas of fire safety, and estimated the fire risk level.

  ICU 1 and 2 departments, CCU 1 and 2, central warehouse, pharmacy warehouse, and hospital facilities were selected for fire risk assessment. The ICU building had the best condition with a total fire safety point of 21.1. The facility building, with a total fire safety point of -14.5, was in the worst condition.

The results showed the need for more attention from researchers to conduct studies in outdoor environments, in various parts of the country, on development and validation of novel heat stress indices, and on implementation and evaluation of control measures in environments with high heat stress.

Examining the social and political developments from the time of constitutionalism and the subsequent formation of the modern state in Iran until today, we can mention the government-nation divide as the deepest and most active social divide in Iran, with many small earthquakes. And great on the body of society and the political structure of the country, whether in the form of revolutionary and destructive uprisings or reformist social and political movements, all have taken place on this great fault. Undoubtedly, many of these developments, from the constitutional movement, the nationalization of the oil industry to the Islamic Revolution of Iran, and even after that, the formation of reformist movements such as June 2, 2006 and even the riots of 1996 in the country except with fashion Comments such a gap can not be analyzed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distance and non-fulfillment of the slogans of the governments based in the Islamic Republic of Iran with their actions on the proximity or gap between the government and the nation according to the Buzan security model. In this research, the subject of Barzan Buzan security model was investigated using a descriptive-analytical method. Studies have shown that the gap between slogans and actions and actions or non-implementation, slogans of governments based in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the last four decades shows the gap between government and nation and the lack of security in the political-economic and environmental dimensions. In society.

Hospitals are highly vulnerable to fire because of the presence of vulnerable people (patients, medical staff, and visitors), expensive equipment, and the ignorance and low-risk perception of occupants. Injuries caused by fire can result in life and financial losses and can disrupt the performance of a hospital. Fire risk assessment is an effective way to assess vulnerability, capacity, and capability. This study aims to evaluate the risk of fire and identify the effective factors and their contribution to a hospital. 

This cross-sectional study was conducted using the Fire Risk Assessment Method for Engineering (FRAME) in the equipment room of a hospital in Qazvin, Iran. The fire risk was first calculated by using the related formulas in Excel software. Then, the influential factors and their contribution to the overall risk were determined to perform corrective measures for reducing the risk.

The numerical value of risk for the building and its contents, occupants, and activities were 2.075, 3.315, and 2.481, respectively (>1), indicating its unacceptable level. Factors affecting the potential risk level for the building and its content and occupants were fire load, venting, and access. Regarding the acceptable risk level, the activation factor was identified as an influential factor in all domains. The highest contribution in the potential risk level for the building and its content and occupants was related to the fire load factor (1.6). In the acceptable risk level, the highest contribution was related to the activation factor (0.4).

The FRAME method can also identify effective factors and their contribution to the overall fire risk of medical centers such as hospitals to help develop plans and special measures to reduce the risk.

Nurses are the largest group of health care providers to the injured people and promoting their preparedness is among the basic principles of health management in incidents and disasters. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the implementation of the national program for hospital preparedness on the readiness of nurses under simulated conditions of incidents and disasters.
This quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design was conducted on the head nurses of Madaen Hospital in Tehran who were selected by total count sampling method. To collect data, demographic and disaster preparedness and response questionnaires were used, which consisted of three parts: knowledge, attitude, and performance. The intervention program was conducted in the form of a 2-day workshop of disaster management along with toptable exercise. Then preparedness of nurses were measured before and one month after the intervention. Data analysis was done with SPSS 18 and descriptive and inferential statistical tests were performed. Significant level was considered at less than 0.05.
There were no significant differences between the two groups of intervention and control with regard to the average scores of knowledge (P=0.55), attitude (P=0.633), and performance (P=0.836) before the intervention. After the intervention, the average scores of knowledge (P=0.007), attitude (P=0.0001), and performance (P=0.0001) in the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The results also showed that after the intervention, the average test scores of knowledge (P=0.009), attitude (P=0.0001), and performance (P=0.0001) in the intervention group increased significantly compared to their pretest scores, while the average scores of knowledge (P=0.170), attitude (P=0.200), and performance (P=0.341) for the pretest and posttest of the control group did not differ significantly.
The results of this study showed that education of national hospital preparedness program under simulated conditions of incidents and disasters increased knowledge, attitude, and performance (preparation) of nurses in response to the incidents and disasters.