فهرست مطالب yousefi z

Parent–child interactions and parenting practices are the most fundamental family factors affecting children’s mental health and mothers play the most important role in forming children’s mental and emotional characteristics. Parenting is one of the most difficult and demanding tasks in the life of many parents. One way to help improve parenting and reduce parenting anxiety is to teach mindfulness to parents and children. Teaching parents about intrapersonal mindfulness exercises is a strategy for developing parenting skills. The goal of mindfulness–based parenting is to reduce the stress associated with the parenting challenge by using mindfulness exercises. The parents are taught that the stressful situation between parents and children can sometimes lead to intense emotional relationships, which in turn exacerbate differences. Mindfulness can make disciplines and connections between parents and children. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the mindfulness–enhanced strengthening families program (MSFP) in improving extrapersonal and intrapersonal mindfulness interactions of mothers of children, 10 to 14 years old.

The research method was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included mothers of 10–14 years old children, who participated in Ghalamchi Institute in Mashhad City, Iran. Using the available sampling method among 30 selected mothers, 24 people accepted to participate in the study and were randomly assigned into one experimental and one control group (12 participants in each group). The inclusion criteria were the selection of mothers of 10–14 years old children, minimum level of diploma or higher, having mental health in the mother and volunteering to participate in the treatment plan. The exclusion criteria were level of education below diploma, history of mental disorder or taking medication, and receiving other psychological therapies. The study data were gathered via the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (Duncan et al., 2007) and Five–Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (Bauer et al, 2006) in pretest and posttest for two groups. The research intervention was performed using a Coatsworth et al.ʹs mindfulness–enhanced strengthening families program (2018). The members of the experimental group were trained for seven 120–min sessions. The parents were trained with a specialist therapist for the first 60 minutes, and their children were trained separately with another therapist in the first hour. In the second hour, their parents and children attended a joint training session with two therapists. However, the control group did not receive training. To describe the data, mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage indices were calculated. Univariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Also, to compare the two groups in terms of age, the independent t test was used and to compare the two groups in terms of education level, the Chi–square test was used. The mentioned statistical analyzes were performed in SPSS software version 21. The significance level for statistical tests was considered 0.05.

The results showed a significant difference between the experimental group receiving the mindfulness–enhanced strengthening families program and the control group in terms of intrapersonal mindfulness (p=0.015) and extrapersonal mindfulness (p=0.002). Also, the mindfulness– enhanced strengthening families program explained 28% and 51% of the changes in mothers' intrapersonal and extrapersonal mindfulness, respectively.

Based on the findings of this study, the mindfulness–enhanced strengthening families program improves the intrapersonal and extrapersonal mindfulness of mothers of 10 to 14 years old children. Therefore, this program can be used to improve parent–child interactions.

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) catalyzes the first step of the gluconeogenesis cycle. There are two isozymes forms of this enzyme, cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) and mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-M) which present in mitochondria and cytoplasm Current research has been conducted to identify the allelic polymorphism in the PEPCK-M gene in breeder hens of native fowls and commercial broiler and layer chickens. Blood samples were collected randomly from 150 birds of three strains and DNA was extracted using modified salting out method. A fragment of 401 bp in length was amplified from exon 9 of PEPCK M gene. For genotyping of each sample the PCR products were digested by AccI restriction enzyme. The frequency of AccI- and AccI+ allele was estimated at 0.73 and 0.27 in native fowls population, 0.6 and 0.4 in broiler and 0.85 and 0.15 in layer lines, respectively. Two genotypes of AccI -/- and AccI -/+ were observed with the frequency of 0.46 and 0.54 in native fowls, 0.20 and 0.80 in broiler line and 0.70 and 0.30 in commercial layer line, respectively. The comparison of allelic frequency showed no statistical differences between native fowls population with broiler and layer lines, but this results indicated significantly differences between broiler and layer lines (P<0.05).The comparison of genotypic frequency showed that there were significant differences between three populations (P<0.05). No any AccI +/+genotype was detected in the genotyped samples. The difference in genotypic distribution may be as a consequence of different selection strategies used in these populations.

Arsenic contamination of water resources is a global problem. Drinking of arsenic-rich water over a long period results in various health effects including skin problems، skin cancer، cancers of the bladder، kidney and lung، and diseases of the blood vessels، and possibly diabetes، high blood pressure and reproductive disorders. Carbon nanotubes (CNTS) in the field of nanotechnology، as a new adsorbents were investigated in several studies. In this research، optimization of As (V) removal from aqueous solutions by Single-walled Cabon، investigated.

Carbon nanotubes Carbon was prepared from Research Institute of Iran''s oil industry. Initially the carbon nano tubes was Functionalized by nitric acid. Experiments based on the response surface methodology was designed. Test data assessment by using the software Minitab 16، Excel 2007، and regression، correlation and analysis of variance was performed.

In this study، increasing the amount of adsorbent، contact time، initial concentration and decreasing pH on arsenate removal efficiency was affected. Maximum capacity of arsenate adsorption by carbon nanotubes equal to 8. 84 mg/g. Arsenate removal percentage increased with decreasing pH and increasing of concentrations of arsenate and absorbent value.

The model with the highest coefficient (R2) ration predicted (Predicted R2) 95/01 and 72/25for carbon single-wall carbon nano tubes by nitric acid was estimated with the maximum percentage for arsenate removal of65%and a maximum capacity8/48. Using response surface، the optimal conditions (PH = 3-6 and the absorption of 150 mg/l in sample volume (100ml) Was provided، respectively

Increasing of world population growth causes increasing of water consumption and wastewater production. As well as wastewater discharging to surface and underground waters results to quality decreasing of these resources. One of the most suitable methods for removing contaminants from natural water is the use of wetland structures. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of domestic wastewater treatment by Marzon Abad wetland, Babol, Iran.

In this analytical study, 12 water samples were taken from influent and effluent locations in two seasons of high and low rainfall. The samples were studied for the type and the number of bacteria, physical and chemical parameters such as temperature, turbidity, NO3-1, NH3, PO4-3, PH, EC (Electrical Conductivity), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and BOD (Biochemical Oxygen).

Mean value obtained from wetland influent included BOD5=17.4±5.3, COD=27.4±7.5 and turbidity=317±284, and mean value obtained from wetland effluent included BOD5=10.4±2.3, COD=16.3±4.45 and turbidity=8.7±8. Significant difference between average influents and effluents were observed in the above mentioned parameters (p = 0.027, 0.028 and 0.028, respectively).

The results of this study showed that Marzon Abad wetland has ability to purify domestic wastewater.

Increasing of world population and excessively consumption of the needed materials result to greatly household solid wastes generation that can threaten human health and environment. Thus, application of appropriate methods for solid waste disposal is effective on community health. This study was performed to identify the capability of native earthworms of Mazandaran province (Iran) for compost production from household solid wastes.

In this cross sectional study, the types of earthworms were separated based on appearance characteristics. Plastic bin, loam soil, sand and animal fertilizer were used for bedding. 50gr of vegetable (lettuce) was poured on the bed. Earthworms with a certain number and weight were located on soil bed. Sequential water was added to beds for moisture control. Seventeen and thirty-five days after loading, the soil of different beds were assessed for chemical and microbiological analysis.

The organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous and electrical conductivity in initial substrate and vermicompost increased from 16.8% to 40.2 and 45.2%, from 1.95% to 3.9 and 5.85%, from 1.1% to 3.6 and 3.9%, from 1.8% to 2 and 2.6% and from 344 to 372 and 1068 microsiemens per centimeter, respectively. Ash percentage, C/N ratio and total coliforms in initial substrate and vermicompost decreased from 83.2% to 65% and 59.8%, from 1.75% to 1.63% and 1.49 %and from 4.5×106 to 3.3×103 and 1.3×103 MPN/100ml, respectively.

The results of this study showed that earthworms can produce compost from household solid wastes during 17 days.

Health and access to health facilities are now regarded as basic human rights and a fundamental social objective. Reproductive health is essential to promote quality of life and satisfy the need for an enjoyable parenthood. This was a descriptive-analytic study on 430 women of reproductive age who were receiving health services from urban PHC clinics run by Tehran, Beheshti and Iran medical universities. With the help of a questionnaire we gathered data on factors related to reproductive health knowledge and attitude and analyzed the data using x2, OR, Parson correlation coefficients. Knowledge and attitude was found to be significantly related to education and employment (p<0.00). There was also an association between knowledge and attitude on one hand and husband's education and employment on the other (p<0.00). Age was not found to have an influence on knowledge and practice (p<0.757). This research shows that education can have a major effect on empowering women to demand and exercise their basic rights, including those related to reproduction and childbearing.

During the month of Ramadan, 400 million adult Muslims all over the world fast during daylight hours. The effect of Ramadan fasting has been studied in various investigations conducted on normal healthy individuals world wide, but the changes of serum osmolarity and hematological parameters during Ramadan fasting are not known well. This cohort study was performed during Ramadan on 80 medical students (41 male and 39 female). We evaluated weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), serum osmolarity, sodium and potassium, haemoglobin(Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), platelets, red and white blood cell count (RBC and WBC) and Hgb Index before and after Ramadan. The mean age of subjects was 22.7 years. Weight decreased significantly in both genders, and BMI decreased in female subjects after ramadan. While serum osmalarity and sodium increased and glucose decreased in both genders after ramadan, potassium decreased in males. RBC count increased in both genders, but WBC count and platelet count increased significantly in females. Hgb, Htc decreased after Ramadan Fasting in male subjects. We found no significant changes in levels of urea and creatinin in serum. This study indicated that Ramadan fasting leads to increased serum osmolarity, RBC count and some Hgb indices in both genders, but these changes remain within normal range. However, more investigations are suggested of patients with hematological and nephrological disorders.