فهرست مطالب yuandani

Musa paradisiaca peel has inhibited microbial growth and enhanced wound healing in animal models. However, the study on its effect as a dosage form is lacking. In the present study, the antimicrobial and wound-healing effects of a spray gel of M. paradisiaca peel extracts were evaluated in rabbits.

The antimicrobial and wound healing activities of a spray gel were tested at different concentrations (10%, 15%, and 20%) of banana peel extract, categorized as low concentration (SGL), medium concentration (SGM), and high concentration (SGH) groups, respectively. The antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated by measuring inhibition zone diameters. Burns were inflicted on the back area of rabbits using hot steel. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed.

The spray gel containing banana peel extract exhibited inhibition zone diameters of 14.2 ± 0.38 mm and 14.6 ± 0.21 mm against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. SGH showed the strongest wound-healing activity of all the samples, which was comparable with bioplacenton (BG) as a positive control. The wounds healed on days 16, 16, 20, and 22 for bioplacenton, SGH, SGM, and SGL, respectively. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in collagen density and epidermal thickness between the treatment groups and the negative control (1.2 % sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC)).

The result indicates that the spray gel of M. paradisiaca peel ethanolic extract possesses antimicrobial and wound-healing activities, emphasizing its potential to be developed as a wound healing agent.

Allium cepa extract has been reported to have anti-hypercholesterolemic activity in rats. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of standardized fermented A. cepa L. var aggregatum extract on cholesterol levels and HMG-CoA reductase enzyme.

The fermented A. cepa extract was standardized by the presence of quercetin using a validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The activity of the extract on HMG-CoA reductase was determined using HMG-CoA Assay kits, then measured by Nano spectrophotometry. In vivo study was conducted in hypercholesterolemic rats. The extract was administered orally at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight (bw) to rats for 21 days and the cholesterol levels were measured every week.

All doses of fermented A. cepa extract and its marker compound, quercetin, ameliorated the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as compared to those of negative control (P<0.05). Of all the doses, fermented A. cepa extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg bw displayed the highest reduction in LDL-C levels. In addition, the extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg bw showed the strongest enhancement in HDL-C levels. The fermented A. cepa extract and quercetin also inhibited the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme with inhibitory activity of 61.78%.

The ethanol extract of fermented A. cepa shows anti-hypercholesterolemic activity. The strong anti-hypercholesterolemic activity of the extract might be due to the high amounts of quercetin, although other constituents may also contribute.

Recently, we have highlighted the immunomodulatory activity of Curcuma mangga Val. on phagocytosis ability. The current study was conducted to determine the immunomodulatory effects of the standardized extract of C. mangga rhizomes by in vitro and in vivo studies.

The C. mangga extract was standardized according to a guideline for herbal preparation. The extract was investigated for its immunomodulatory effects on gene expression of cytokines, cytokines and antibody production as well as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. The gene expression of cytokines on lipopolysaccharide-induced-RAW 264.7 cells was analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The effect of the extract on DTH response was investigated by the paw edema method, meanwhile the effects of the extract on antibody and cytokine production from normal and cyclophosphamide-induced Salmonella typhimurium infected rats were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

The extract of C. mangga demonstrated an inhibitory effect on gene expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 as compared to lipopolysaccharide-induced cells. The extract also depicted inhibitory activity on IL-4 production as compared to the negative control. Whereas, the DTH response and production of immunoglobulin G from both groups after treatment with C. mangga extract were higher than those of negative control (P < 0.05).

The results indicated that the C. mangga extract has immunomodulatory effects, emphasizing its potential to be developed as immunotherapeutic agent.