فهرست مطالب z. ghorbani

Evidence suggests a potential role of inflammation in increasing the risk of chronic diseases, including coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerosis. This study aims to investigate the association between serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and the risk of coronary artery involvement in individuals with CAD compared to the control group. 

 The study included 60 recently diagnosed CAD patients and 60 CAD-free individuals as the control group. Sociodemographic, clinical, and anthropometric data were collected, and serum samples were obtained to evaluate fasting serum glucose, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers. Logistic regression modeling was performed to estimate the effect of inflammatory markers on the likelihood of developing CAD, with adjustments for age, gender, and body mass index. The Pearson correlation coefficient was also used to assess the relationship between variables.

 The findings indicated a significant difference in the levels of TNF-α (P-value<0.001) and CRP (P-value=0.001) between the two groups. After adjusting for confounding variables and constructing a regression model, it was observed that with every 1 mg/dl increase in CRP level, the likelihood of developing CAD increased by 51% (P-value<0.008). Additionally, with every 1 pg/ml increase in TNF-α level, the risk of CAD increased by 45% (P-value<0.001).

 The obtained results indicate a correlation between inflammation and the pathogenesis of CAD, suggesting that these inflammatory markers may be used for predicting the occurrence and severity of CAD complications.

In the last decade, online shopping has played a vital role in customers' approach to purchasing different products, providing convenience to shop and many benefits for the economy. E-commerce is widely used for digital media products such as movies, images, and software. So, recommendation systems are of great importance, especially in today's hectic world, which search for content that would be interesting to an individual. In this research, a new two-steps recommender system is proposed based on demographic data and user ratings on the public MovieLens datasets. In the first step, clustering on the training dataset is performed based on demographic data, grouping customers in homogeneous clusters. The clustering includes a hybrid Firefly Algorithm (FA) and K-means approach. Due to the FA's ability to avoid trapping into local optima, which resolves K-means' main pitfall, the combination of these two techniques leads to much better performance. In the next step, for each cluster, two recommender systems are proposed based on K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Naïve Bayesian Classification. The results are evaluated based on many internal and external measures like the Davies-Bouldin index, precision, accuracy, recall, and F-measure. The results showed the effectiveness of the K-means/FA/KNN compared with other extant models.

One of the economic challenges facing developing countries is the cost of tackling air pollution and improving its quality. On the other hand, in addition to cost, the health of people in the community and existing diseases are also directly related to air quality. Therefore, the study and analysis of changes in air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone can provide valuable information for experts to analyze air quality. The presence of high-resolution spatial sensors to study a variety of applications has enabled experts in this field to study most environmental phenomena. In the present study, temporal and spatial changes of air pollutants were determined using Sentinel-5 satellite data in April 2016, simultaneously with the release of Covid-19 virus for Iran, and compared with the values of the same period in 1998. The spread of Covid-19 virus during this period had a variety of consequences that led to a reduction in factory activity as well as a decrease in vehicle traffic. Therefore, the present study seeks to investigate the effect of these factors by analyzing the temporal changes and spatial distribution of pollutants in the interval between these two times. The results confirm the improvement of air quality in this period compared to the previous year, April 1998. According to the results, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the entire barley column and tropospheric nitrogen dioxide , which is directly related to transportation and human activities, has decreased.

 Hyperthermia has been reported as a new and adjunctive treatment of cancer in inhibiting DNA repair, increasing radiation sensitivity of cancer stem cells, increasing the sensitivity of drug-resistant cancer cells, and inhibiting cancer signaling pathways that cause apoptosis, suppression of cancer stem cell proliferation and disruption in cellular function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hyperthermia on the gene expression pattern of drug resistance and cell survival.

 In this in vitro study, two cell lines of human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 and SW-48 were cultured. The cells of the hyperthermia and control groups were exposed to 42 or 43 °C and 37 °C for 2 hours, respectively. Then the effect of hyperthermia on cell survival was investigated by MTT method. The expression pattern of MDR1 and MRP4 genes was also measured using qRT-PCR.

 Hyperthermia reduced cell survival, but this reduction was not significant. Hyperthermia decreased MDR1 gene expression in SW-48 cells (p=0.007). Although MDR1 expression in HT-29 cells was significantly reduced at 42 °C, no significant difference was observed between the hyperthermia and control groups. Hyperthermia also had no significant effect on MRP4 gene expression in SW-48 and HT-29 cell lines.

 The results showed that hyperthermia reduces the gene expression related to drug resistance, but has no significant effect on cell survival.

The use of herbal essential oils can inhibit bacterial growth and proliferation. In this investigation, the chemical composition and antimicrobial effects of essential oils of Oliveria decumbens on culture media and hamburger have been studied. GC/MS analysis identified 12 components in the essential oils of Oliveria decumbens. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using disc diffusion and well plate method. The experiment was a factorial form of a completely randomized design with 3 levels in essential oil concentration (0, 0.32, and 1.25 µl/g) in 4 periods (1, 20, 40, and 60 days) with 3 replications on S. aureus, E. coli, mold, yeast and total count in hamburger. The most important identified compounds in the essential oils of Oliveria decumbens were phenolic and aldehyde compounds. Minimum inhibition concentrations of Oliveria decumbens essential oils against S. aureus and E. coli were 0.32 µl/ml and 0.625 µl/ml, respectively. Besides, the number of microorganisms decreased with increasing concentrations of essential oils of Oliveria decumbens. There was no significant difference between the control and concentrations of 0.32 µl/g in E. coli count but in all types of microorganisms, the highest decrease was observed in the concentration of 1.25 µl/g (p < /em><0.05). The high amount of aldehydes and phenols in Oliveria decumbens essential oils may be a reason for antimicrobial effects of the plant essential oils that can be considered as a natural source of preservative in food.

Cancer is a complex disease with a lengthy and expensive course of treatment that causes many problems for the community. Knowledge of oral cancer plays an important role in early diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge about the symptoms and risk factors of oral cancer and assess the related factors.

In this study, 671 parents of primary school children were randomly selected from primary schools in four districts of Tehran. The participants were asked to answer questions related to demographic characteristics and knowledge of the risk factors and symptoms of oral cancer. Data analysis was done using Poisson regression model and multi-level Poisson regression model using SPSS and STATA software. The AICI Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was applied to evaluate the models.

The mean score of knowledge was 3.7 with a standard deviation of 6.7. Among the studied variables, female gender, advanced age, a higher SES score, and a higher welfare index had positive effects on oral cancer knowledge (P <0.05).

The results of this study showed that demographic, social and economic factors of parents were effective on oral cancer. It can be statistically concluded that a multilevel Poisson regression model is more suitable for analyzing this data.

Food packaging is one of the main applications of nanotechnology in the food section. Clay nanoparticles are among the nanoparticles used in food packaging. In this study, the effect of packaging film containing nano-clay particles on the characteristics of cucumber slices was investigated.

The effect of nano-clay particles (0, 1 and 3%) and time (0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 days) were studied in three replications in a completely randomized design. Cucumber slices were packaged in polypropylene (control samples) and polypropylene containing 1 and 3% nano-clay hydrophilic bentonite under modified atmosphere packaging. All samples were stored at 4 ± 1 °C at a relative humidity (RH) of 90 ± 2 %. Microbial population was determined at 3-5 day intervals, and chemical properties, chlorophyll, texture, color were studied at 2-day intervals. 

Control samples showed more loss of weight (p<0.05) and higher L*, a* and b* during the storage (p<0.01). Chlorophyll and firmness of the cucumber slices in the film containing 3% of nano-clay showed less decrease (p<0.01). In addition, the application of modified atmosphere showed positive effect to preserve fruits and vegetables and packages containing clay nanoparticles significantly reduced the microbial population (p<0.05).

The packages containing clay nanoparticles under the modified atmosphere were more appropriate option than the control packaging in preserving the product.

Periodontal disease is one of the most common oral health problems. Clinical attachment loss occurs in sever periodontal cases (CAL>3). In this study, we applied a classic regression model and the models that consider the hierarchical structure of the data to estimate and compare the effect of different factors on CAL.   This cross-sectional study was performed in 375 pregnant women and 192 mothers of three-year-old children. The data were gathered from 16 health networks of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. CAL was determined for 6 teeth per person by a dentist according to WHO standard oral health examination form. Three-level and ordinary logistic regression analyses were applied for data analysis using the STATA software 14.   Of 3,402 examined teeth, 6.3% had CAL> 3mm. Based on the obtained results, the odds of CAL>3mm were 2.4 in the third semester compared to non-pregnant women. The odds of CAL>3mm were 2.86 in women without daily floss use compared to women with routine daily floss use. Posterior teeth were more likely to have CAL>3m than anterior teeth (OR = 1.65) (P-value < 0.05).   According to the AIC index, multi-level logistic regression model has a better fit than ordinary logistic regression model and can estimate the coefficients of factors related to CAL>3mm more precisely. The use of the ordinary logistic regression model in hierarchical data can result in underestimated standard errors of the estimated parameters.

In Iran during the recent decades، uncontrolled extension of urbanization and migration، and population growth and urbanization and lifestyle changes caused changes in urban life and decline in functions of traditional structures. Life quality was proposed as a way to deal with these changes by policy makers and planners at national and international levels. In this study، we use descriptive and neighborhoods analysis to evaluate life quality in 14 neighborhoods of the Chalous city. According to the Morgan-Krjsy table، we performed questionnaires with sample size of 380 in Chalous''s neighborhoods. The results show Chalous''s citizens are satisfied and life quality in the City of Chalous is relatively high. Neighborhood 10 has the highest level of satisfaction and the highest life quality whereas neighborhood 14 has the lowest satisfaction and the lowest life quality. In most the neighborhoods، citizens have the least satisfaction in the two indicators of communication-transport and access-services and they have the highest satisfaction in the indicator of social solidarity. Neighborhoods coefficient (β) showed that the environmental indicator has the greatest impact on Chalous’s life quality with the impact factor of 0. 127.

Several skin conditions have been reported to occur on epidermal nevi, but it seems that co-occurrence of a vascular lesion and an epidermal nevus is a very rare phenomenon. Herein, a 17- year- old female patient who had presented with skin lesions on her thigh since 4 years ago has been reported. The lesions were two oval plaques consisted of multiple brown- tinted, hyperkereratotic papules that surrounded several dark red papules. One of the lesions was totally excised and the specimen was sent for histopathologic evalution. Routine light microscopic examination of the slides revealed histopathologic features of both epidermal nevus and angiokeratoma. The clinical presentation of this case suggested the co- occurrence of an epidermal nevus and angiokeratoma, which was confirmed after histopathological study.