z. soleimani

The toxic chemical compounds are widelyused in the world. Carbon tetrachloride which is used in hygiene industries caused tissue disorders. Medicinal plants have protective effects in body tissues. In this study the protective effect of Avicennia marina leaf extract (MLE) on spermatogenesis in male rat were induced with ccl4 investigating. Method and materials: The 42 male rats with 220-250 gr body weight were divided randomly in 6 groups(n=7): control (taking normal saline,0.5ml/day, i,p), sham(taking olive oil, 0.5ml/day, i,p single dose),group induced by ccl4(carbon tetrachloride 1:1 with olive oil,0.5ml single dose, i,p), treated groups: (1,2 and3 by carbon tetrachloride 1:1 with olive oil,0.5ml single dose and 200mg/Kg, 400mg/Kg and 800mg/kg MLE /day for 96 hrs, i,p). After the examination the blood samples were collected from heart directly and testosterone, FSH, LH, sperm count, sperm motility and GSI were analyzed and the microscopic studies of testes tissue were done. All data were expressed as mean±SEM. and statistical significance differences were accepted at P<0.05.

Our results showed that the carbon tetrachloride has necrotic effect in testes. The number of sperm and motility were increased and microscopic study of testes tissue showed the necrosis and inflammation with decrease in spermatogonia and spermatocytes comparedwith ccl4 induced only group significantly (P<0.001) and treated groups were no changed.

the Avicennia marina hydroethanolic extract has antioxidant and flavonoids compounds which can protect the testes tissues from toxic chemical agents.

Drought one of the most important global threats against bread wheat production. In order to identify physiological traits associated with drought tolerance, 52 bread wheat varieties were cultured under two normal and drought stress condition in a randomized complete block desigen with three replications. RWC (in three independent times), leaf rolling, leaf silvering, days to flowering, days to maturity and stem reserve remobilization were investigeted. Also in a pot experiment osmotic adjustment of the varieties were measured at seedling stage. varieties Star and Bezostaya had the highest RWC (0.79 and 0.78, respectively). Osmotic adjustment in Rasol and Unknown11 were highest (0.58 and 0.56, respectively). Varieties Tipik, Unknown11 and Azar2 showed the least decrease in thousand grain weight after spraying with KI (4.8, 5.5 and 5.5, respectively). Also varieties Dez, Gaspard and MV-17 have the highest degree of leaf silvering and varieties Niknejad, Star and Kohdasht under drought stress were able than the other varieties bring their leaves to form a rolling and cope with water deficit. Under drought stress, Varieties Alborz, Zagros and Inia were observed premature than the other varieties and Gaspard and Kaslojen varieties were observed late mature than the other varieties. Altogetehr varieties Kohdasht, Star and Bezostaya can be used as genetic resources for leaf water retention under drought stress condition for imjproving other varieties. Also as Azar2 and Unknown11 had highest amount of thousand grain weight under normal condition and simoultanously showed high ability in stem reserves remobilization they can be selected as parents in crosses for improving these traits.

In this study, responses of three prosopis species to salinity stress in two life cycles (germination and seedling). In order to investigate the effects of salinity stress to germination, the experiment carried out based on the completely randomized design with 3 replicates and different salinity levels (0, 2.5, 8.5, 14 and 20 ds/m). Germination rate, germination percentage, roots and shoot length and weight in seeds and the amount of proline, sugar and chlorophyll in seedlings stage were measured. In the habitat of the species, seasonal changes of Na and K content of leaves were measured. Results showed that the germination rate, germination percentage, roots and shoot length and weight decreased in all species with increasing salinity stress. The highest and lowest germination characteristic accured in control and 14 ds/m treatments, respectivly. No germination occurred in salinity of 20 ds/m. P. juliflora and P. koelziana showed the highest germination rate in all treatments. P. juliflora showed the highest germination percentage and root length (except in 14 ds/m) of salinity. Results also showed that the salinity caused the accumulation of proline in all species. P. juliflora and then P. koelziana showed the highest accumulation of proline and sugar. The amount of sugar decreased in P. cineraria by increasing salinity. Chlorophyll decreased in all plant by increasing salinity stress and P. juliflora did better compare to two the others plants. Compared to P. cineraria and P. koelziana, P. juliflora accumulated highest Na and K. In summer, the accumulation of these ions in P. juliflora were higher than the other seasons. It can be concluded that although P. juliflora is a suitable plant for plantation in arid lands, great care should be taken for places that endemic plants are able to regenerate or plantation of them is easy.