z.dargahi

Diabetes is considered a major health threat, and one of the central issues relevant to this disease is the need for various psychological and physical strategies to boost patient self-care. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of integrated meta-diagnostic therapy and hope therapy on coronavirus anxiety and self-care behavior in patients with type2 diabetes.

The present research is a quasi-experimental study based on the pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical sample was comprised of 45 members of Ahvaz Diabetes Association in 2020. They were selected using the purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group (each including 15 people). They completed Alipour et al.'s (2020) Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and the Toobert et al.'s (2000) Self-Care Behavior questionnaire as the pretest and the posttest. Integrated meta-diagnostic therapy was conducted in 12 sessions, once a week, and for 60 minutes, and Hope therapy, in 8 sessions, once a week and for 60 minutes. The data were analyzed using Multivariate and Univariate Analysis of Covariance.

Both therapies had a significant effect on reducing coronavirus anxiety and increasing self-care behavior (p<0.001). Hope therapy was more effective in increasing self-care behavior, but there was no significant difference between these two therapies regarding self-care behavior (p<0.001).

Overall, the findings provide empirical support for both therapies in reducing coronavirus anxiety and improving self-care behavior. Moreover, the knowledge of psychotherapists in the field of safety and health of these approaches can be helpful.

Regarding to high importance of water as an economic input in agriculture and limitation of common irrigation efficiency evaluation methods, evaluation of irrigation systems with economic indices has high priority. The general goal of this research was study of usual irrigation systems in Qazvin area in the base of economic efficiency indices. In the field of economic efficiency, there is no comprehensive research and there is an undeniable necessity for research in modern irrigation systems development in comparison with traditional irrigation systems. This study can help us in planning of modern irrigation systems development. Focus of this study was on evaluation of 42 modern irrigation systems. Among the sprinkler irrigation systems, average of benefit–cost ratio was 1.4 and this index was 2.94 for drip irrigation systems. Hence, both of these systems are beneficial in the area. Drip irrigation systems are more profitable than sprinkler irrigation systems. Average of benefit per drop for crops products such as wheat, corn, maize, barley and alfalfa were 8333.6, 4854.6, 2486, 6685.8 and 4404.5 Rial per cubic meter, respectively. Also, average of benefit per drop for products such as peach nectarine, grape, apple, pear in drip irrigation system was 34716, 34574, 14975.7, 26503 and 31945 Rial per cubic meter, respectively. Wheat and peach had highest values of benefit per drop index among the studied crops fruits. In this study, 10 sprinkler irrigation systems were evaluated technically and average values of Coefficient of Uniformity (CU), Distribution Uniformity (DU), Application Efficiency of Low Quarter (AELQ) and Potential Efficiency of Low Quarter (PELQ) indices was 76.8, 64.2, 55.2 and 65.3 %, respectively. Results of 5 drip irrigation systems evaluation showed that Efficiency of Uniformity (EU), Application Efficiency of Low Quarter (AELQ) and Potential Efficiency of Low Quarter (PELQ) indices was 65.26, 51.32 and 57.8 %, respectively. Results of this research, showed that In both systems, the benefit–cost ratio increases by increasing the field area. Also, there is high potential for economic water productivity improving in the studied fields. Furthermore, Irrigation efficiency assessment showed the weak condition of irrigation systems operations in the study area.