zahra arbabi

Patient satisfaction with nursing care is a criterion for evaluating the quality of care. Patient satisfaction can be improved by recognizing nurses' care deficiencies and trying to eliminate them. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nurses' care behaviors and patients' satisfaction in Kashan's public hospitals in 2020.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 400 patients admitted to public hospitals in Kashan, who were selected by simple random sampling method. Data collection tools included: Demographic Information Questionnaire, Patient Satisfaction (PSI), and Care Behavior Index (CBI). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 using independent t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficient. 

The mean age of patients was 20.77 years. Among the patients participating in the study, 43.5% were female and 56.5% were male. The majority of the patients (89.3%) reported a good level of satisfaction. The mean score of nurses' care behaviors was 226.50±34.24. The highest scores were related to "knowledge and professional skills," and the lowest score was attributed to "respect for another." Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant relationship between the mean scores of patients satisfaction and nurses' care behaviors index (r = 0.71, P = 0.001).

Despite most patients being satisfied with nurses' care behaviors, there is still a need to increase the quality of nursing care in ethical issues such as respect for the patient and effective communication with the patient. Nursing managers can help nurses in this important matter with the supervision and support of nurses.

Increasing awareness and concerns about environmental damages has led communities to take solutions to this problem. Taxation of pollutant emissions is one of the strategies recommended by economists to achieve some of the environmental objectives and eliminate contamination. The purpose of this study is to estimate the willingness to pay an environmental tax on gasoline.

In this study, a conditional valuation method (CVM) is used to measure individuals' willingness to pay for goods and services. The statistical population of this research is gasoline-fueled cars in Mashhad in 2017, due to the lack of information on the number of vehicles, the number of unlimited society has been considered. In this study, 500 people were selected by simple random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. It’s validity was confirmed using content validity.

The results indicate that 77 percent of all respondents tend to pay environmental taxes on urban air, while 22 percent of the population are not willing to pay any amount under the name of the pollution tax. Approximately 3% have not been self-reported regarding their willingness to pay.

Based on the research findings, environmental beliefs has a positive and significant effect on the willingness to pay tax on gasoline; therefore, it is suggested that cultural and informational platforms be developed before clarifying the need for environmental taxes before planning for such a tax.

In decades, improving The business environment is considered a solution for the economic problems of societies on a macro level. The business environment includes factors outside the control of economic actors that can affect their business performance. In recent decades, this concept has been considered by countries and international institutions, so that a part of a country's macro policies and objectives is assigned to improving the business environment. Hence, this study analyzes the effect of macroeconomic instability on a number of active firms in the Iranian business environment. Our results show that the quality of the economic, physical and human environment affected the the number of active firms in the framework of cointegration and VAR models. In other words, increasing macroeconomic instability as an index of -negative- the quality of economic environment reduces the number of active firms in the long run. Human development and physical capital have positive and significant effects on increasing the number of active firms. In this context, it is necessary to adopt proper plans and programs for removal of barriers, especially economic instability, and to implement these programs by the government.

Nowadays writing an essay is very important to represent scientific achievements providing that the principles of rhetorical patterns would be considered. The present study aimed to compare the structural variations in English abstracts of Persian and English journals in the area of medical sciences. In this analytical-descriptive study, 64 medical article abstracts (32 in Iranian journals, 32 in international journals) were analyzed and compared on the basis of Swales’ model. Furthermore detailed analysis was done on the Introduction section regarding CARS (Create- a- Research- Space) model proposed by Swales. The IMRC (Introduction, Methods, Results, Conclusion) sequence was considered as the structural conventions for the analysis. Data were analyzed using Chi square and Fisher tests. The results showed that while all translated abstracts considered IMRC sequence, the original ones did not considered it completely. In the introduction section, there was a significant difference, in writing the aim of the study and it was found more in translated abstracts compared to the original ones (P<0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference in using the Material and Methods section between the two groups of abstracts but pro translated abstracts (P<0.01). Both groups of abstracts were identical in the Results and Conclusion sections. The results showed that the translated abstracts from Persian to English in medical articles more closely reflected the criteria of scientific writing structure than the abstracts excerpted from the original English articles.