فهرست مطالب zahra faghih imani

Non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the serum oxidative stress markers in patients with NAFLD.

In this case‑control study, 121 patients with NAFLD and 119 healthy subjects were frequency‑matched on gender. DII scores were calculated by using a 168‑item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Blood samples were collected to measure serum oxidative markers. Linear regression and odds ratio (OR) were also used in this study.

The mean ± standard deviation of age for case and control group was 38.04 ± 6.7 and 35.6 ± 10.2, respectively. The gender ratio (female to male) for the case and control group was 1:1.42 and 1:1.38, respectively. The mean of the DII in the patient group was significantly higher than the healthy group, (P‑values < 0.01). There was a significant negative relationship between TAC and DII (B = ‑2.63 (95%CI: ‑4.59, ‑0.68) and there was also a positive relationship between Malondialdehyde (MDA) and DII (B = 0.15 (95%CI: 0.02, 0.28) in the healthy group, but they were not significant in the case group. After multivariate adjustment, subjects in the most pro‑inflammatory DII group had 73 times higher odds of NAFLD compared to subjects in tertile 1 (OR = 72.9; 95%CI (14.3‑371.9)).

Our findings suggest a direct association between the pro inflammatory properties of diet in patient and healthy group, but no relationship between TAC, MDA, and DII in the case group.

Rapid increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus is a serious health concern in the world. New data determined that the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus is chronic low‑grade inflammation, resulting insulin resistance. Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) has anti‑inflammatory effects; though it may reduce insulin resistance and improve glycemia in diabetes mellitus. The present study has been designed to investigate the effects of PSO as a natural dietary component on metabolic state of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
In a randomized double‑blind clinical trial study, 80 patients (28 men) with Type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group consumed PSO capsules, containing 1000 mg PSO twice daily (2000 mg PSO), whereas controls take placebo for 8 weeks. The participants followed their previous dietary patterns and medication use. Dietary factors and metabolic factors including lipid profile, fasting plasma sugar, and insulin and were assayed at the baseline and after 8 weeks.
Participants in two intervention and control group were similar regarding anthropometric and the dietary factors at baseline and after trial (P > 0.05). Mean level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low‑density lipoprotein‑cholesterol, and high‑density lipoprotein was not different significantly between groups after trial (P > 0.05). Consumption of PSO did not significantly affect the levels of parameters such as fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, HbA1c, alanine transferase, and homeostasis model assessment‑insulin resistance.
Consumption of 2000mg PSO per day for 8 weeks had no effect on FBS, insulin resistance and lipid profile in diabetic patients.

The relationship between Islam and humanities is a fundamental issue,discussed by scholars under the general theme of the Islamisation of Knowledge, especially after the Islamic Revolution of Iran. In order to comment on Islam’s point of view about sociology and possibility of Islamisation of the field, however, it is necessary to first explain the ontology of the society from Islam’s viewpoint and then to assess the feasibility of codification of scientific propositions based on the viewpoint of this religion about society. Through a documentary method, this research tries to present the viewpoint of Islam about society and its lawgovernedness by studying the basic religious texts such as Quran and Hadith (i.e. Tradition). It will be seen that there are four groups of verses implying a law-governed society, among which the first group includes nineteen sets of verses that directly signify law-governed society.

Emerging prevalence of obesity and subsequently metabolic syndrome induced increment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Incidence no definite treatment is still available for NAFLD and different groups of drugs were used to treat this condition and it’s related hypertranaminasemia. This study aimed to compare efficacy of vitamin E with or without ursodexycholic acid (UDCA) as two routine treatment modalities in NAFLD.

The study was done in a parallel-arms clinical trial; one using 400 IU vitamin E alone and another associated with 250 mg UDCA TDS. The patients enrolled in the study if they had ultrasound report of NAFD and abnormal ALT level, and were randomized in two groups, than followed for 6 months. ALT decrease to less than 1.5 times upper limit normal was assumed as the target therapeutic response.

Age of two groups (58.5 ± 4.2) did not differ, neither the gender portion varied (54% were male). Body mass index was not different in two groups before the intervention and did not change significantly during the study (28.8 ± 1.2 kg/m2). In the combination treatment group, 13 cases and in the single therapy, 4 persons reached to therapeutic target (P = 0.46). Mean of ALT and AST variations following intervention did not differ in two groups, but transaminase levels significantly decreased at least for 30 IU/L after treatment (P = 0.02).

Single therapy with vitamin E or combined therapy with UDCA caused recovery of NAFLD in 60% of patients; although adding UDCA had no significant effect on treatment outcome. Small sample size could cause a pitfall in this study that limits ability to establishing equivalence of two modalities.

With reference to the importance of physical activity during childhood and adolescence in their health promotion and prevention of chronic diseases during adulthood, it is necessary to have a reliable and valid method for evaluating physical activity level in this age group. Physical activity questionnaire child (PAQ-C) and adolescents (PAQ-A) have been designed for this purpose. This study aimed to validate these questionnaires PAQ in a representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. After translating the PAQ-C and PAQ-A to Persian, the face- and content validities of these questionnaires were assessed by an expert committee consisting of experts of different specialties including specialists in Pediatrics, Community Medicine, Social specialist and Sport Medicine. After minor modification of some items of the questionnaires according to available types of physical activity and the socio-cultural conditions, the final questionnaires were prepared. Thereafter, 82 children and adolescents with 8 to 18 years of age completed the questionnaires. To assess this questionnaire reliability in Iranian students, it was modified and got the validity accreditation from a committee consisting of specialists. An alpha Cronbach of 0.894 was produced at the end of the analysis showing it has been reliable for this population. According to the results found in this survey, this questionnaire can be used as a reliable and valid method for next studies; so health planning due to Iranian students’ physical activity will be possible in future.

Several studies showed that obesity and fat deposition in the tissues along with inflammatory response may induce insulin resistance and finally type II diabetes. Salsalate can inhibit IKK and NF-KB inflammatory pathway. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of salsalate as an anti-inflammatory drug in blood glucose decrement of diabetics. This was a double blind case-control trial. Sixty newly diagnosed diabetic patients were randomized in the drug and the placebo groups. The drug group used were received 3g Salsalate per day (two 750 mg tablets every 12 hours orally) for one month. At baseline there was no significant differences between drug group mean fasting plasma glucose level (124 mg/dl) and placebo group (127 mg/dl) (P = 0.628). Twenty eight patients in drug group and 23 ones in placebo group finished the study. Salsalate had reduced significantly the fasting glucose in the drug group (20 mg/dl) in comparison to placebo group (P < 0.05). This study showed that using 3 grams of Salsalate for one month reduces 15.5% of baseline blood glucose level of diabetic cases. These acceptable results may open a new approach in the treatment of diabetes.