zahra jomeh-ghasemabadi

The seeds of most medicinal plants have a variety of dormancy. Therefore, it is necessary to know the effective methods of breaking the seed dormancy for their production and cultivation. In this study, to determine the best method of breaking dormancy and increasing the germination percentage of tattoo seeds, various factors have been investigated. Different treatments, scratching with sandpaper, embryo culture, GA treatment (100, 150 and 200 PPM) and sulfuric acid treatment (50, 75 and 100%) with filter paper or on MS medium containing BAP (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/l) was applied with untreated samples (control). Embryo culture was performed only on MS medium containing BAP hormone. The analysis of variance showed that all interactions with the studied treatments were significantly different in terms of germination percentage, fresh and dry weight of roots and stems (P <0.01). It was observed that the use of benzyl aminopurine (1.5 mg/l) with gibberellic acid (200 ppm) increased the seed germination percentage compared to the control. The use of benzylaminopurine (1.5 mg/l) and sulfuric acid (50%) significantly increased seed germination compared to the control. It was concluded that the effect of GA with BAP on seed germination was greater than sulfuric acid with BAP.

Lettuce is among one of the oldest vegetables in the world originally lodge in India and Central Asia. This study aims to evaluate the genetic diversity of fifteen lettuce genotypes by using the rbcl gene and protein sequences.
 

Using sequencing method, the rbcl gene sequence of of fifteen lettuce were sequenced. Chromas 2.1.1 software, MegAlign ver5 software (using ClustalW approach) were applied for generating the similarity matrix, genetic distances as the same as building phylogram of the studied sequences. The modeling and validation of rbcl protein structure were performed through SWISS-MODEL and QMEAN, respectively. Further steps were progressed using Ramadan and Pro-SAP servers.
 

Investigating protein-protein cross-links using STRING showed most of proteins encoded by matK, psb (A, D and C)-tranH have the interaction with rbcl protein. The results of cluster analysis, similarity matrix, molecular-variance and dn/ds was indicated that the sequence of rbcl gene and protein is very similar and conserve among all genotypes.
 

The results were indicated that the rbcl sequence is not useful to study the phylogenetic relationships inter-species. Therefore, this point is trustworthy to say that one of the reasons for failing the segregation all lettuce genotypes is the tiny diversity of rbcl gene.