فهرست مطالب zahra sajadi

Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Khalid Barqi is one of the companions of Imam Javad, Imam Hadi and Imam Askari (pbh) and is one of the great hadith scholars of Imamiah in the third century of Hijri. In this article, by a descriptive and analytical method we are looking for Barqi’s methodology of inference based his book Al-Mahasen. Barqi, like his father Muhammad bin Khaled, was one of the main transmitters of the traditions of “unintentional knowledge” to Qom. Barqi has mentioned most of the narratives of unintentional knowledge with a special arrangement that can indicate the epistemological system of his line of thought. He has collected the hadiths related to education in the chapter "Al-Masabih al-Zolam" of Al-Mahasen book. After the chapter of "Reason", he has brought the chapter of "Knowledge" and by mentioning a narrative of unintentional knowledge, he stated that people do not have an obligation to knowledge and knowledge is beyond the control and authority of man. The narration of a hadith in the chapter of “Religion” indicating the granted faith shows that the meaning of the faith being Allah’s action in Barqi’s viewpoint is something that does not contradict to man’s free will. Likewise, human’s inborn knowledge which is granted in the world of “Zar” is different from other kinds of knowledge, although all of them are unintentional and actions of Allah.

Proper water resources management relies on recognizing and evaluating the factors affecting the quantity and quality of the water resources. In the present study, the hydraulic relationship between the karstic structures of the Izeh territory located has been assessed using hydrogeochemical and isotopic information of water resources. To investigate the number of 31 water samples (17 wells, 8 springs and 6 rain samples) in the areas of Kamarderaz, Mongasht, Shavish-Tanosh, Anticlines and the Naal-e-Asbi (Horseshoe) Syncline were taken on June 1398 and June 1400, and hydrogeochemical as well as isotopes δ18O and δ2H were examined until to the hydrogeological and hydraulic behavior of this complex karstic system. The results of hydrogeochemical analysis of the specimens showed that the concentration of ions is influenced by the dissolution of calcareous rocks. The isotopic content of groundwater samples is from 5.62 to 3.49- ‰ and from 20.97 to 12.29- ‰ for δ18O and δ2H. Investigating the isotopic content of water wells and springs of the region indicates three groups of water. The first group of indentation springs is fed from altitudes and snow from altitudes. Fast water in the canal system caused a low latency in these springs. The second group is enriched more than the first group, and in addition to precipitation, the mixing of underground water is also effective in providing their water. The third group has longer than other samples due to evaporation and distances longer than the feeding site and the enrichment system. The decrease in Sr+2 and incremental Ba+2 of dolomitic limestone samples (Shavish-Tanosh and Mongasht) to water samples of chemistry and hinges, as well as structural and isotopic data indicate the probability of nutrition. The karstic aquifers of the region are from the anticline, as well as the hydraulic relationship between these structures.

White marriage, in spite of its beautiful appearance, represents the illegitimate, illegitimate, and sleeping relationship of two opposite sexes in a common place, a relationship that falls outside the obligations of a marriage and the parties choose to live in a shared home solely to satisfy their sexual need. . White marriage, like many ominous phenomena, was born in the midst of Western anti-Semitic culture and, thanks to technology, satellites and social networks, grew mushrooming and spread to other parts of the world. It is unfortunate that we have witnessed the spread of this ominous phenomenon in the country in recent years. It is clear that the purpose of promoting this kind of marriage is to desecrate society, alienate individuals from the Islamic-Iranian lifestyle, and to portray an illegitimate relationship that is definitely against Iranian religious culture and identity. And, as the supreme leader puts it, the tip of the enemy's soft war is toward the collapse of Iranian families. So this doubles the importance of the present problem. Because this marriage has many legal, social and psychological damages, such as a loss of responsibility, a loss of trust in couples, an increase in abortion, a lack of financial rights for women, the family, and especially for women. Don't. The method of this article is descriptive and analytical and the method of gathering the contents in the form of libraries is based on valid religious sources and related sites.

Nowadays, the quality of water resource and recognition of the effective factors in it is one of the most important issues in the world regarding consideration of water shortage. The interaction between water resources and porous and environmental media plays the important role to control of groundwater quality. Moreover, identification of this interaction can be helpful for optimal water management. Because of its agricultural and industrial importance, the groundwater quality assessment of these interaction affects the Galehdar plain which is located in the south of Fars province, Iran, is necessary. In this study, geological and anthropogenic factors affecting the groundwater quality of Galedar plain were investigated using analyses and interpretation of pumping-well quality data of 20 water well samples in March 2011. Piper charts, composition diagrams, statistical analyses, factor analysis, saturation indices, and maps of the hydrogeochemical parameters were used to in determination of the salinity sources and effective processes affecting the quality water of the aquifer. Water type changes from carbonate and sulfate to sodium-magnesium chloride in the direction of groundwater flow which is being consistence with Chebotarev ionic evolution and higher residence time. Based on piper diagram, groundwater of Galehdar is Cl-Na and SO4-Ca type. The composition diagrams show a clear linear trend between Na and Cl and also between Ca and SO4. This implied the arrival of waters originating from halite and gypsiferous formations and salty soils. Statistical and factor analyses demonstrate three effective groundwater quality-control factors. The first factor which is the most effective groundwater quality control-factor, explaining 51.9 percent variance of data and shows halite dissolution. Assessment of saturation indices demonstrates that total trend of hydrogeochemical processes of Galehdar plain is halite and gypsum dissolution and sedimentation of calcite and dolomite. Surface waters recharging the aquifer where passed through the unsaturated aquifer media is the most probable of deterioration of water quality and chloride ion concentration increasing. The results show that the main groundwater quality degradation reasons are waters passes over salty soils, agricultural wastewaters, salt-water rivers, dissolution of gypsum and halite, and runoff originating from Gachsaran and Aghajari formations which is the most effective factor in the Calendar groundwater quality deterioration.

The increasing number of social and individual problems caused by occupational stress have been indicative of the ineffectiveness of the previous models despite many attempts. This article is intended to measure the current status of organizations in order to correct and reduce staff stress. After obtaining the reliability and validity of the model derived from the review of literature and interviews and the questionnaire of expert opinion, the model test required a field study, so a researcher-made questionnaire was developed with the allocation of 90 items. The questionnaire was prepared for distribution in the high-stress zone of six hospitals including public, military, and private hospitals. After receiving the opinions of the employees in the high-stress zones and analyzing the findings of the statistical population, the conceptual model of occupational stress management from the point view of Islam was obtained and it was based on "God-belief, continuity of life after death and centrality of ethics". Considering that hospitals are one of the most important occupational organizations, the model test was used in the high-stress zones of hospitals' and proved the researchers’ hypothesis. So, the obligation to strengthen religious beliefs was explained in these organizations and the model of occupational stress management of employees from the Islamic point of view was confirmed by assessing the status of organizations. The indicators, components, and dimensions of the above model can be used by authorities of health policy such as Iranian medical council, the ministry of health and medical education, and medical sciences’ universities.

This research was conducted in two separate factorial experiments based on completely randomized designs with four replications. The ability of Trichoderma longibrachiatum in stimulating kidney bean (cv. Goli) growth was assessed in the first experiment with three factors including soil texture (sandy loam, loam, clay loam), organic matter (0.5 and 2% of leaf litter) and fungal application (0 and 106 spore ml-1 suspension) when the plants was not inoculated with Meloidogyne javanica. In the second experiment, the effect of soil texture, organic matter and managing method (no control, 10 ml of T. longibrachiatum containing 106 spore ml-1, and 2 mg active ingredient cadusafos 10G kg-1 soil) was tested on kidney bean growth, fungal controlling ability and M. javanica reproduction. The growth promoting effect of the fungus was not prominent. In the sandy loam or loam soil amended with 2% organic matter (leaf litter), the fungus showed its maximum efficacy and could decrease the nematode reproduction rate same as the chemical nematicide. Clay loam soil was not a suitable bed for kidney bean plants since no growth was seen if the soil that was not amended with organic matter and soil amended with 2% organic matter (leaf litter) resulted in poor growth.

Nitrate due to its high water solubility, poor absorption and having stable composition in the water, has been studied as the best index to indicate groundwater contamination. Borazjan, located in the north of Bushehr province, is one of fertile plains which nitrate contamination of groundwater has occurred in the most parts of it. Detecting the source of pollution and the most vulnerable areas were the aims of this study. In this study, hydrochemical quality, especially in terms of nitrate, sulfate, chloride sodium, spatial and temporal variations and the origin of them in the groundwater of Borazjan plain, are studied. Groundwater samples from 12 wells were collected in April and August 2012 and assessed to determine the parameters of hydrochemistry and pollution. Based on these results, severe nitrate contamination of groundwater, especially in the southern part of the plain, by agricultural activities, cesspool wells, domestic sewage and livestock and poultry wastewater the influence of the effluent from the aviculture, were occurred. Also, the quality of groundwater resources showed that concentration of Cl-, Na+, SO42-, and NO3- are more than standard limit and only in some areas of plain, concentration of ions such as NO3- and Na+ is less than the standard limit. According to the results of this study, using chemical fertilizers in terms of time period and amount of consumption should be properly managed. Furthermore, domestic wastewater, livestock and poultry wastewater should be controlled and the monitoring system for measuring the exact quantity and quality of groundwater resources must be completed.

Poverty and income inequality cause economic, social and political problems and challenges in different countries. Comparison of inequality intensity represents the true nature of huge changes by the economic progress. In this paper, we study the relationship between financial development and income distribution inequality in 11 developing countries with average human development that their average per capita income is higher than the global average per capita income. During this investigation to determine how the effectiveness of development financial on distribution inequality by using the models of regression and Panel technique, to test two theories during the time 1984- 2005. The results of estimations reject the inverse – Urelationship between financial development and income inequality and support the negative and a linear relationship between these two variables.