فهرست مطالب zahra taheri

Lots of people are struggling with Kidney disease or cancer around the world. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are associated directionally and share risk factors. Because of the role of kidneys in detoxification, studying the relationship between cancer chemotherapy and kidney disorders is significant. This investigation fills the current gap between cancer occurrence and kidney problems. CKD can induce RCC through a cystic disorder or oxidative stress. RCC also promotes CKD due to the tumor interactions, physical removal of kidney mass, and perioperative acute renal disease. Kidney failure also leads to renal cancer-specific pathways. For example, renal progenitors are converted to tumor-initiating cells through HIF, Notch, mTOR, and Hippo pathways. Furthermore, progress in cancer treatment during recent years has increased the overall survival of patients with advanced malignancies faced with early and late adverse effects from therapeutics. There are conflicting findings about the dosing of typical chemotherapeutics because of loss of kidney function. Recommended doses are usually according to expert opinion, not scientific evidence. This investigation has evaluated issues in cancer patients with kidney problems that can help patients by informing physicians about GFR loss and its effect on chemotherapy.Keywords: kidney diseases, cancer, chemotherapy, CKD, AKI

The present study aimed to identify the dimensions of the lived experience of male adolescents with a history of substance use. A qualitative approach with a phenomenological method was employed. The study population included male adolescents with substance use experience who were kept in the correctional center of Tehran province in 2021. The sample included 17 individuals, who were selected using a criterion-referenced purposive sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Collizi’s seven-step method was utilized to analyze the data. Results of the data analysis led to generation of three core themes: "factors of tendency to substance use" (including two main themes: "transpersonal factors of tendency to substance use" and "personal factors of tendency to substance use"), "factors affecting the amount of consumption" (including the two main themes: "factors of continuation and increase in consumption" and "factors of reduction in consumption") and "consequences of substance use" (including two main themes: "positive consequences of substance use" and "negative consequences of substance use"). In other words, concerning their substance use experience, the research participants mentioned some factors leading them toward drug use. They also mentioned factors affecting maintenance, increase, and decrease in their substance use behavior. In addition, substance use makes adolescents face many traumatic consequences, which highlights the necessity of planning and also preventive and therapeutic measures.

The gram-negative Escherichia coli (E-coli) and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S-aureus) bacteria may lead to foodborne diseases if they are allowed to enter the bloodstream. The potential risk of bacteria colonization is expected for the consumers of many food products, such as milk, meat, etc. Hence, the separation of these types of bacteria from blood is pivotal for choosing effective treatments. The present study proposes a dielectrophoretic microfluidic device to isolateE-coli and S-aureus bacteria from blood cells using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 software. The results demonstrate that the applied potential and frequency, the distance between electrodes, and the buffer-to-sample inlet velocity ratio affect bacterial capture. The present work concludes that the isolation of bacteria from blood cells using the proposed microchip and studied parameters is practical when the blood behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid. Accordingly, the optimal conditions for the complete separation of E-coli and S-aureus bacteria from blood cells can be achieved for the electrode distance of 60 μm, the potential of 100 V, and the frequency of 0.1 MHz when the buffer-to-sample flow rate is 3.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a major health problem caused by an intracellular pathogen of the genus Leishmania. CL results in morphologically distinct skin injuries, ranging from nodules to plaques and ulcers, which persist as a recuperating incessant injury depending on the type of contaminating parasite. There is still no effective treatment to reduce the skin lesions in patients infected with CL. The aim of this study was to develop strategies to treat skin lesions in CL patients.

We retrieved the transcriptomic data of skin lesions from patients with CL and normal skin from the GEO database. The PPIN was constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape v3.10.1 software. Critical genes were identified by topological network analysis and cluster detection. Finally, gene ontology and repurposing drugs for critical genes were determined.

CD8A, IFNG, IL-6, PTPRC, CCR7, TLR2, GSTA5, CYBB, IL-12RB2, ITGB2, FCGR3A, CTLA4, and IFNG were identified as the critical genes in PPIN and subnetworks. Enrichment analysis revealed that T-cell receptor signaling, TLR signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, graft-versus-host disease, leishmaniasis, chemokine signaling, primary immunodeficiency, and Th17 cell differentiation were the major pathways associated with critical genes. The drug repurposing results identified cyclosporine, rituximab, infliximab, blinatumomab, and methylprednisolone as candidates for treatment of CL.

After validating our model with available experimental data, we found that critical molecules and drug candidates play a crucial role in
the treatment of skin lesions caused by Leishmania in prospective studies.

The current research has examined the factors affecting the tendency to buy and use domestic products with a sociological-legal perspective. The theoretical framework of the research was based on the appropriateness of the topic, the sociological-legal theories studied and the hypotheses of the research were extracted from it. The used library and survey method (by filling out a questionnaire) was done with a sample of 378 people who referred to home appliance stores in Qazvin city in 1400. The data was analyzed using SPSS22-Amos22 software. Descriptive and inferential statistics, multiple regression model and structural equation model were used to test hypotheses and analyze data. The most important research findings are as follows:In the studied sample, a significant and positive relationship was obtained between the two variables of protection of consumer rights and the variable of social capital with the variable of tendency to buy and use domestic products. And in connection with the socio-economic base variable and the degree of tendency to buy and use domestic products, an indirect and significant relationship was obtained.in the regression model to explain the tendency to buy and use domestic products; The most influential variable is the protection of consumer rights, followed by the variables of socio-economic base, social capital, gender, age, education, marital status and type of purchase. Also, according to the indicators obtained from the Amos software, the collected data supports the variables proposed in the research.

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor, is associated with metabolic disorders. However, several studies have suggested that exposure to BPA can cause obesity. It has recently got more attention from scientists as a risk factor for obesity due to its ability to mimic natural estrogens and bind to their receptors. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanism underpinning the environmental etiology of metabolic disorders has not been not fully clarified. In this regard, BPA exposure directly disrupts endocrine regulation, neuroimmune and signaling pathways, and gut microbes, resulting in obesity. In addition, epidemiological studies have revealed a significant relationship between BPA exposure and the development of obesity, although conflicting results have been reported. Therefore, this review summarized the possible role and molecular mechanisms associated with BPA exposure that may lead to obesity based on in vivo and in vivo studies.

Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death and general disability in 202, accounting for two-thirds of all diseases; therefore, the present research aimed to model structural equations in explaining the effect of the brain-behavioral system on diabetic women's psychological vulnerability with the mediating role of positive and negative emotions.

This descriptive study was conducted using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all women with diabetes in the specialized diabetes clinic of Karaj in the first half of 2011. Among this population, 380 cases were selected via purposive sampling and participated in the study. Data were collected using Carver and White's behavioral brain systems questionnaire, mental health questionnaire (SCL-25), and Watson et al.'s (1988) positive and negative emotions questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS (version 23) and Amos (version 18) software packages using Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling.
Results The results pointed out that the indirect path coefficient between the behavioral inhibition system and psychological vulnerability (P=0.001; β=0.188) was positive, and the indirect path coefficient between the behavioral activation system and psychological vulnerability (0.01>P; β=0.147) was negative and significant. Nonetheless, the coefficient of the indirect path between the behavioral inhibition system and psychological vulnerability through positive affect (P=0.003; β=0.066) was positive, and the indirect coefficient between the behavioral activation system and psychological vulnerability through positive affect (0.001 P=0.070, β=0.070) was negative and significant. However, the coefficient of the indirect path between the behavioral inhibition system and psychological vulnerability through negative emotion (P=0.001; β=0.126) was positive, and the indirect coefficient between the behavioral activation system and psychological vulnerability through negative emotion (0.007 P=0.081, β=0.081) was negative and significant.

As evidenced by the obtained results,  it can be concluded that among female patients with diabetes, positive and negative emotions positively medicated the effect of the behavioral inhibition system on psychological vulnerability and negatively mediated the effect of the behavioral activation system on psychological vulnerability.

This article focuses on notions of ‘dirt’ and diaspora to discuss their relation with biopolitical discourse in Malamud’s The Jewbird and The Mourners from the perspective of left thinkers. Deploying Douglas’s and Bauman’s views, the writer discusses how biopolitics has used the notions of hygiene and dirt to secure its surveillance over the body of its racial other in the West. It is argued that the ‘anti-dirt’ movement, supported by the West to promote Western civilization, affected cultural geography. Therefore, it resulted in the formation of binary structures—such as clean vs. dirty, self vs. other—as well as the social categorization of people. The aforementioned condition leads to the emergence of “homo sacer” figures and the imposition of “bare life”. These figures enjoy no better position than “the inside outsiders” doomed to the status of ‘strangehood’. Consequently, they are subjected to strict exclusionary measures and even death, which is justified in light of their supposed danger to society.

Patients with diabetes usually experience a lot of psychological vulnerability after diagnosis and during the treatment process, and one of the factors related to a psychological vulnerability in patients with diabetes is behavioral brain systems, so this research aims to determine the causal relationships between the brain system Behavior with psychological vulnerability in female patients with diabetes was conducted based on the mediator role of anxiety sensitivity.

The research method is descriptive and based on structural equations. The study’s statistical population included all women with diabetes in the specialized diabetes clinic of Karaj City in the first half of 2011. According to the number of observed variables in this research, 380 people were selected as samples. Data were collected using Carver and White's Behavioral Brain Systems Questionnaire, Mental Health Questionnaire (SCL-25), and Taylor and Cox Anxiety Sensitivity. Data analysis was done using SPSS and AMOS version 18 software. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling.

The results showed that the total path coefficient between the behavioral inhibition system and psychological vulnerability (β=0.300, P=0.001) is positive and the total path coefficient between the behavioral activation system and psychological vulnerability (β=0.241, P=0.001) is negative. And it is meaningful. The path coefficient between anxiety sensitivity and psychological vulnerability (p=0.001, β=0.384) was positive and significant. The coefficient of the indirect path between the behavioral inhibition system and psychological vulnerability (P=0.002, β=0.071) is positive and the coefficient of the indirect path between the behavioral activation system and psychological vulnerability (P=0.001, β=0.117) is negative and it was meaningful.

Based on this, it was concluded that among patients, anxiety sensitivity mediates the effect of the behavioral inhibition system on psychological vulnerability in a positive way and the behavioral activation system in a negative and meaningful way, and it is suggested that to comply with treatment in chronic patients, in addition to disease and complications It also paid special attention to mental health.

This article focuses on the notion of bio-surveillance in Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss (2006) from the perspectives of Ajana and Foucault. It tries to discuss why postcolonial journeying, despite its reputation for upsetting the old colonial paradigms of cultural demarcations, has ended up in the invisible biocitizenship of diasporic figures. To this end, the article elaborates on the biometric measures, ranging from the classic model of Anthropometry to the most advanced biometric technologies, and their deployment at the service of securitization in the center of empire. It is argued that these measures, by keeping the colonial paradigm of otherization intact, have divided society into friends / enemies and, later, reduced the latter into the bare life of invisible biocitizenship. Hence, it can be remarked that postcolonial journeying, despite its apparent dissolution of meta-narratives of identity or cultural geography, underpins the ‘us-versus-them’ binary and proves immobilizing. This means that the open-gate policy cannot wipe out the racist blemish from the West’s reputation since the racism which roots in bodily features (including skin) conducts identity, citizenship, and immigration policies. Hence, racial minorities are always the other, even though their bodies are subject to change.

Foucault has argued that overt surveillance such as surveillance cameras or government agencies are not the only forms of surveillance. Rather, it is deeply embedded in social institutions and practices that form behavior and perpetuate power imbalances. He elaborates how panopticism, as a discipline mechanism, works by creating a sense of constant visibility and potential surveillance, encouraging individuals to regulate their behavior. Foucauldian surveillance structures are not limited to physical surveillance. They include bureaucratic procedures, identification techniques, and categorization systems. These mechanisms allow social control, normalization, and the exercise of power by shaping and directing individual behavior, choices, and identity. This study focusd on surveillance culture and its relation with the notion of family in young adult literature through the perspectives of Lyon and Falangan to discuss how surveillance culture affects young adults’ identity and their status of citizenship. To this end, Call me Ziba (2015), an acclaimed novel by Iranian author, Farhad Hasanzadeh, was examined. This study used descriptive-textual analysis to discuss the notions of “gaze”, “participatory surveillance”, and “lateral surveillance” to elaborate on their effects on young adults’ perception of the self, the Other, and moral values drawn from them. It has been argued that along with the emergence of post-humanism, young adult literature has adopted a different mission of the classic, didactic version. In other words, despite the classic version which did its best to nurture docile young adults in whom the social norms are naturalized and inculcated, the contemporary version tries to represent the confrontation of revolutionary young adults with disciplinary culture and to reveal the depth of such discursive control in people’s lives. The outcome is the redefinition of notions of the Self and the Other as well as moral principles; the issues which are the prerequisites for civil life in the current world.

Today, the news is often heard about fraud and misbehavior of management and employees of companies, many of which were expected to be discovered and reported by accountants and auditors. Many accountants and auditors face different ethical challenges daily in their professional affairs. Although the professional code of conducts related to accountants and auditors dealing with ethical issues and challenges has been formulated and communicated, the available evidence shows the failure of these codes and ethical principles. The current research seeks to formulate a model to identify the most critical ethical challenges accountants face and the factors that create them. The grounded theory design has been employed in this study. The results indicate the causal conditions for creating violations and ethical dilemmas in two groups of individual and organizational conditions. Also, ethical challenges are created on the ground of professional societies and social and cultural societies; economic and professional restrictions as intervening conditions lead to accelerating or limiting ethical challenges. In addition, the results show that ethical challenges in the accounting profession include violations that can align with the organization's, public, or individual interests.

One of the issues that mos t cities across the world are faced with is natural disas ters. Natural hazards and their devas tating effects remain on the ground, especially in recent years, the countries have been about to reduce the damage caused to it to plan and manage their events. Adminis trative units could have an important role as one of the elements before, during, and after the crisis. In this s tudy, connective s tatus and building accessibility in the offices of region 5 in Isfahan were s tudied, including Telecommunication Organizations, Fire S tations, Electricity Companies, municipalities, Education Minis try, and Gas Companies. Heretofore, there was no study of the connective s tatus and accessibility of the office buildings in Esfahan. This research is a descriptive and analytical survey. The required information was evaluated and weighed by six indices, including the questionnaire, field collecting method, and A.H.P. measures. The results indicated that among administrative centers in terms of the degree of connectivity and accessibility, adminis trative codes 6 and 17, with weights of 0.03% and 0.031% were the mos t accessible, and adminis trative codes 14, 8, 9, 10, and 11 with weights of 0.07%, 0.067% were the mos t inaccessible.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the physical and social space of the city on the feeling of security among the citizens of Qazvini. In order to achieve this goal, first, the theoretical framework of the research was determined according to the appropriateness of the subject under investigation, and then the main hypothesis of the research was extracted from it. The research method in this research is a survey and the data collection tool are a researcher-made questionnaire with validity and reliability. The statistical population of the research is the citizens of Qazvin city. And the sample size of 321 people was obtained by multi-stage cluster method, then using SPSS and Amos software, it was used for hypothesis testing and data analysis. The results of the research indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between the physical and social space of the city and the sense of security. In the regression analysis to explain the dependent variable, among the independent variables, the variable of the residence area had the most effect, and the variable of the physical space of the city, gender, age, social space of the city, number of years of residence and socio-economic base were the most influential. Also, according to the indicators obtained from the Amos software, the collected data supports the proposed theoretical framework.

Storytelling, especially for children, has been started since the beginning of history because fiction is among the first tools human used for a better understanding of the world around; such background foregrounds the significant role storytelling has played in cultural and social life all over the world. With the emergence of the discourse of humanism and the importance this discourse put on education and the disciplining of the young generation, a utilitarian use of narratives was normalized; in other words, narratives were deployed as an efficient means to form the social and individual identity of children in desired directions while guaranteeing collective and civil life. Even though due to the child’s lack of experience and awareness, the majority of children's literature inevitably became didactic, what was conveyed through this literary genre was to institutionalize the value structures popularized by the ruling humanistic discourse as well. Through techniques of repetition and, consequently, ‘naturalization’, Children’s narratives formed an integral part of their identity. However, this instrumental use of children's literature to control and direct children’s psyches towards predetermined behavior patterns caused deeper concerns in society when those dualisms governing the humanistic discourse approximated to extreme behaviors such as racism and sexism. Therefore, it was felt that the real nature of liberal discourse, as a ‘construct’, should be revealed, and its doctrines should be open to questions. Such challenges were posed by different movements. One of these movements was post-humanism. The main axis of post-humanist thinking, as Flanagan has also pointed out, was the “redefinition and expansion of the human subject” (2014: 5), which has been associated with the challenge of the dual-centered structures of the ruling humanist discourse and the critique of ‘essentialism’.

The present study has attempted to examine “Khaleh Souske” and Gulliver’s Fourth Travel from the perspective of posthumanism. It has investigated the deconstructive effect of posthumanism on children’s literature in a comparative reading. It deploys a descriptive-analytic approach to explore how children’s literature, once deployed as a means at the service of spreading the ideology of liberal humanism, can also be adopted by the counter-discourses to open up new horizons. The methodology is based on a posthumanist approach focusing on discursive hierarchies of “the self”/“the other” and human/animal. To approach the text from a post-humanistic perspective is to challenge the hierarchies and the superiority it has claimed for man to nature. Consequently, a post-humanist technique reveals the dependence of man on nature, and tries to bring nature and culture together. Such attempts depict man and nature as equal and, thus, question man’s superiority to nature; this outcome provides a different definition of man and nature.

This article, as discussed above, focuses on the notions of posthumanism and its deconstructive effect on children literature in a comparative reading of Gulliver’s Fourth Travel, a work by Jonathon Swift (the British writer), and “Khale Souskeh,” a Persian folklore story. Using a posthumanist approach, the writer tries to discuss how children literature, once deployed as a means at the service of spreading the ideology of the dominant discourse (liberal humanism) to instill the discursive hierarchies of  “the self”/“the other” and human/animal, can also be adopted by the counter-discourses to open up new horizons up to the postmodern man. It is argued that through the blurring of the borders between human/animal and, thus, the breach of the hierarchical “chain of being,” an anti-narrativeisformed which can redefine the concepts of gendered “identity” and “self.”In this part, the most important humanistic elements in Gulliver’s Fourth Travel and “Khale Souskeh,” have been analyzed, and the stands of these two works on various doctrines have been compared. These works have mainly questioned liberal humanism for three major doctrines: man’s superiority to nature, essential identity, and binary of man versus nature. 3-1. Man’s Superiority to Nature Besides its focus on the notion of ontology and its challenge of humanist binary oppositions, post-humanism tries to destroy the existential superiority of man in existence, and this sometimes approximates to the border of satire. In other words, by highlighting the capabilities of other beings in nature (animals here), the liberal human-centered view, expressed in the form of ‘man as the center of existence’, is challenged and, along with that, ‘the chain of being’, once justifying this idea. Such stand substitutes hierarchical relationships with a rhizomic one, in which a horizontal relationship replaces the former vertical structure imposed on human and animals. 3-2. Essential Identity Satirizing human supremacy requires the creation of ‘in-between’ beings in these works. While these creatures look like animals, on the one hand, they also have the physical and behavioral characteristics of humans, and, consequently, create cultural structures which depict such ‘in-between-ness’. The heterogeneity that these creatures display questions all the essentialist doctrines, especially that of ‘fixed, essential identity’, to which liberal humanism has referred over centuries to justify its racist, sexist, and supremacist stands.3-3. Man versus Nature In works centered on animals, the first challenge the audience are facing is an entrance into a world where animals speak the language of the audience. This promises a different story. In fact, the ability of animals to speak is the first feature that moves animal boundaries; furthermore, it is at this time that the humanistic ‘ontology’ and the human/animal dualism are shaken. The reason lies in the fact that in the past, the most significant characteristic distinguishing humans from animals is their speaking power, and this power is drawn from one’s wisdom. Therefore, the existence of this power in animals presupposes special wisdom, which, if not higher than human wisdom, is equal to that.

Post-humanism, by providing such space of heterogeneity, makes a new sense of belonging to be formed, the outcome of which would be a challenge posed to essentialism. Accordingly, it questions liberal humanism and its discriminatory system since ‘essentialism’ is its building block. By challenging the ‘ontological" discourse of liberal humanism, blurring the boundaries of "self/other" and highlighting the concept of ‘fluidity of identity’, post-humanism can form a kind of ‘anti-narrative’ that tries to create a new culture, in which relationships are based on equality. Furthermore, it expands liberal humanism’s ontology and treats man as an entity that just coexists with nature. This expansion will later build up a better relationship between man and his environment and, thus, teaches children to act as such. Besides, by equating animals with humans, these works have tried to restore the lost balance of the universe, which has been exacerbated by the hierarchical structures of liberal humanist discourse and its efforts to conquer nature. Furthermore, they can provide some awareness to the children of the current generation about the status of man in nature, as another being rather than the only being for which the universe has been created. This knowledge modifies man’s ambition and makes him build up a kind of peaceful coexistence with nature.

This article focuses on the ‘rhizosphere’ in Charles Winslow’s (2019) In West Mills. Deploying Deleuze and Guattari’s views as well as Foucault’s, this study discusses how the notions of ‘schizoid’, ‘nomad’, ‘deterritorialization’ and ‘re-territorialization’ can pave the way for the emergence of a new kind of literature known as ‘minority literature’. Furthermore, it is discussed how cultural geography can be redefined by challenging the oedipal mechanism of power and replacing it with an anti-oedipal ‘machine’. To this end, notions of ‘heterotopia’, ‘body without organs’ and ‘lines of flight’ have been discussed. It is argued that for Winslow to upset the hierarchical discourse of liberalism, first the arborescent (hierarchical) system of family, as liberalism’s first controlling agent, should be challenged. Afterward, other binary oppositions are unsettled. The outcome will be the replacement of the universal liberal system with ‘micropolitics’ and rhizomatic systems which can accomplish a truer version of democracy.

This article focuses on the concept of rhizome and its relation with ‘bio-power’ in Kamila Shamsi’s Home Fire (2017) through the perspective of cultural studies. Deploying Faucauldian concept of bio-power and focusing on the techniques of adaptation, the article tries to discuss how the post-colonial West has imposed the biopolitical discourse through ‘norms’ and concepts like social purity, ‘collective identity,’ and ‘ethnic ontology.’ To this end, notions of ‘difference,’ ‘deterritorialization,’ and ‘reterritorialization’ have been explored. It is argued that with domination of ‘exceptional situation,’especially after September 11th, the silence imposed upon the minority groups, and their banishment into ‘bare life,’ terror and religious fundamentalism seem inevitable outcomes. Shamsi’s work is an attempt to challenge western bio-politics at a time when heterogeneity is the rule of the day; rhizome and polyphony the inalienable features of life, and ‘becoming’ rather than ‘being’ the very essence of man. At this time, in Shamsi’s view, the source of one’s identity should be located in ‘difference,’ and hierarchical discourses should succumb to horizontal equality.

Background & Aim:

 People with diabetes are potentially threatened by other factors such as negative emotions, nervous system defects, and sensitivity to anxiety, which affects whether or not they are affected by diabetes-related wounds. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of brain-behavioral system on diabetic female patients exposed to psychological vulnerability with the mediating role of anxiety sensitivity, positive and negative emotions and distress tolerance.

Materials & Methods:

This research was applied in terms of purpose, and structural in terms of methods. The statistical population consisted of all women with diabetes in the specialized diabetes clinic of Karaj city, Iran in the first half of 2011, which 390 people were selected by purposive sampling method. To collect data, the questionnaires of Carver and White's behavioral brain systems, mental health questionnaire (SCL-25), Taylor and Cox's anxiety sensitivity, Watson, Clark and Telgen's positive and negative emotions, and Simmons and Gaher's distress tolerance were used. Regression equation tests were used to analyze the data. Data analysis was done using SPSS 18 and Amos 23 softwares.

The results showed that the variables of behavioral brain system, anxiety sensitivity, positive and negative emotions and distress tolerance have direct and significant effects on psychological vulnerability. Also, the indirect path of the effect of the brain-behavioral system through the mediation of anxiety sensitivity, positive and negative emotions and distress tolerance on psychological vulnerability was confirmed. In general, the research model was confirmed and the research variables had the ability to predict 69% of the psychological vulnerability variable.

Considering the role of the behavioral brain system, anxiety sensitivity, positive and negative emotions, and distress tolerance on mental vulnerability, it is necessary for therapists to develop programs to reduce the mental damage of the behavioral brain system, anxiety sensitivity, positive and negative emotions, and distress tolerance in order to reduce psychological damage in these patients by changing these variables.

This article focuses on the notion of “desire” in Yerma (1934), by Federico Garcia Lorca, the famous Spanish writer and dramatist. Yerma is one of the dramas in Lorca’s ‘rural trilogy’. Adopting the perspective of left thinkers and using Gilles Deluze and Fleix Guattari’s views on psychoanalysis, the writer discusses how the notion of “desire” through a deleuzian perspective is not associated with loss but power and can, thus, end up in change and “becoming.” To elaborate this process, the study has deployed a descriptive-analytic method to the text, and it has focused on the notions of ‘paranoid desire,’ ‘schizoid desire’ and ‘becoming woman.’ It is argued that Yerma, as a prototype of minority figures, is subjected to those strategies of ‘otherization’ which she cannot help tolerating due to an internalization of the family and social discourses of norms and stereotypes, which is still true to the lives of many women even these days. Yerma finds no way out of such stagnant life scripts but through a sudden outrageous rebellion against the system (and its representative—Juan). Such rebellion questions the dominant paranoid control exerted by every hierarchical system in society. These challenges pursue a type of “deterritorialization” of such systems and their meta-narratives by opening new horizons which introduce new types of relationships and orders which are far different from the mainstream culture and, thus, chaalenging, unsettling, and dangerous. In fact, they are new voices which can be heard.

despite the popularity of realistic historical novel in the nineteenth century, especially in works by Sir Walter Scott, as the prime genre for the representation of bourgeois class and its value system, it is the postmodern version which has surpassed its ancestor and put this literary genre once more back into popularity. However, this return is not as innocent as that of an offspring to his predecessors. It involves a harsh critique of the past and the disclosure of “history” as mere construct, despite its “totalizing” claim.Background of Study: Alongside Lyotard’s seminal work, The Condition of Postmodernism and Hutcheon’s A Poetics of Postmodernism, as two major critical works deployed in this study, the article considers Sublime Desire by Elias as well. It also utilizes A Thousand Plateaus by Gilles Deleuze and Guattari to elaborate on the notion of mosaic and assemblage. Furthermore, it has used Barton Thurber’s article, “Scott and the Sublime,” to discuss the relation between the historical novels and the notion of sublime.Methodology and Argument: through the perspective of left thinkers such as Hutcheon, Lyotard, and Deleuze, the writer tries to discuss how the American historical novel, which once established itself as a primary literary genre to undertake the mission of history making in the United States, has recently been used to unsettle the glamorous history by paying tribute to the voices gone silent through the white’s oppression and violence. Tuned into the liberal humanism, the historical novel, in fact, denies American nation its heterogenic nature to preserve the binary of “us” versus “them” intact while trying to keep its democratic face. However, with the arrival of postmodernism and the challenges posed to “grand narratives,” history proved the most problematic narratives whose critique redefined the way the world was once interpreted. Questioning the univocality, teleology, and linearity imposed on history, postmodernism revealed the heteroglossic, multilayered, circular nature of history which have been overshadowed by the liberal humanistic discourse. Such features put history in close relation with the concept of romance and fantastic and gave rise to a literary genre called historical romance. Set along with romance, the official history was, thus, reduced to a narrative among other ones and the hierarchical outlook was collapsed with the emergence of other narratives competing for the same attention and worth. The result was the replacement of the notion of history with “histories” and a rewriting of the past and what had been the established truth of a nation’s history. This act per se led to the emergence of meta-historical novels which focus on the discursive formation of the official history and the uncertainty surrounding the reality of the past which resemble the notion of sublime.  The meta-historical romance or the postmodern version of the conventional historical novel is, in fact, a counter part to once realistic, linear, teleological, and mono-vocal works of the nineteenth century. In other words, this new version goes in tandem with the postmodern notions of fragmentation, mosaic, assemblage, non-linearity, and multi-perspectivism which deny an established, universal, and totalized version of reality and pave the way for the oppressed and stifled voices which were subject to the hierarchies of liberal humanism. In that way, these kinds of novels try to approach the history again and redefine the already-established, oppressive narratives. Since this redefinition turns the established history into a “construct,” one cannot grasp the reality of history any more, as one cannot comprehend the notion of sublime. It is out there, but out of touch. This fact welcomes heterogeneity and lets go of a hierarchical social structure for a horizontal one.

Uncontrolled mitosis of cancer cells and resistance cells to chemotherapy drugs are the challenges of prostate cancer. Thalicthuberine causes a mitotic arrest and a reduction of the effects of drug resistance, resulting in cell death. In this study, we applied bioinformatics and computational biology methods to identify functional pathways and side effects in response to Thalicthuberine in prostate cancer patients.

Microarray data were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and protein-protein interactions and gene regulatory networks were constructed, using the Cytoscape software. The critical genes and molecular mechanisms in response to Thalicthuberine and its side effects were identified, using the Cytoscape software and WebGestalt server, respectively. Finally, GEPIA2 was used to predict the relationship between critical genes and prostate cancer.

The POLQ, EGR1, CDKN1A, FOS, MDM2, CDC20, CCNB1, and CCNB2 were identified as critical genes in response to this drug. The functional mechanisms of Thalicthuberine include a response to oxygen levels, toxic substances and immobilization stress, cell cycle regulation, regeneration, the p53 signaling pathway, the action of the parathyroid hormone, and the FoxO signaling pathway. Besides, the drug has side effects including muscle cramping, abdominal pains, paresthesia, and metabolic diseases.

Our model suggested newly predicted crucial genes, molecular mechanisms, and possible side effects of this drug. However, further studies are required.

The years between the First World War until the change of the monarchy in 1925 is one of the most important periods in the contemporary history of Iran. Successive political, economic, social, cultural, and military crises were the most important distinguishing features of this period from the past history. In every way the country was in danger, governments were falling one after another, the economy has been bankrupted, and the great powers had taken control of important parts of the country. During this period, some intellectuals thought what should be done to preserve Iran and revive its civilized heritage? Some thinkers promoted nationalist ideologies, many others promoted Archaism, others believed of reliance on Russia and Britain, and others saw the solution by emphasizing the historical and civilizational components of Iran; all of them suggested a way to save the country. One of these people was Dr. Mahmoud Afshar. So, the main question of this research is what was Afshar's solution to revive the Iranian civilization? This article discusses Afshar's views based on descriptive-analytical according to the Morgenthau's theory on power, and shows that Afshar offered a more reasonable solution based on the historical foundations and social realities of the country. The results of the research show that Dr. Mahmoud Afshardid not ignore the historical facts of the country for establishing the Iranian Civilization. He considered of Iranian civilization, but he defined this according to religious components of the country, not based on teachings had nothing to do with Iranian history.

Having appropriate and correct study skills is an essential step for educational interventions, especially in the field of medical sciences. The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of teaching study strategies on the self-efficacy of Alborz University of Medical Sciences students.

The method of this research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all dental students in Alborz University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2017-2018, 30 people were selected by targeted random sampling and placed in two groups of 15 people, experimental and control. In this research, in order to implement the intervention, Tutoli's study skills training package (2012) was used, and Morris' self-efficacy questionnaire (2001) was used to measure self-efficacy. In order to analyze the data, univariate analysis of covariance test was used.

The research results showed that teaching study skills has a significant effect on increasing the self-efficacy of dental students in social, academic and emotional components (p=0.0001). As a result, based on the obtained results, it can be said that the use of correct study skills and methods can be effective in the development of students' self-efficacy.

Considering the importance of study strategies for dentistry students, holding training courses in this regard can be effective in improving and improving the learning process as well as students' academic self-efficacy.

Recent research shows that expenses and assets change much less when income decreases than they do when income increases. Assets and expenses which behave in this manner are referred to as "sticky". In other words, when the income increases, an increase in variable costs and assets in a certain ratio is expected, however, the concept of stickiness implies that with any decrease in income, the amount of reduction in costs and related assets should be less than the number of their changes when incomes increase. In light of Iran's specific economic conditions, this study explores whether inventory stickiness exists in the manufacturing and trading companies and whether changes in inventory (decreases) during income reductions are equal to changes in inventory (increases) during income increases; a question not previously addressed by Iranian researchers.

This study employed the panel data approach to testing the hypotheses, and the model of Anderson et al. (2003) was used to measure inventory stickiness. After applying certain restrictions, the statistical sample consisted of 5,924 firm years from 2006 to 2021.

The results indicated that Iranian companies experience inventory stickiness, and this phenomenon is most notable in the automotive, rubber, plastic, and pharmaceutical industries.

Various studies have considered and tested the stickiness phenomenon, particularly in the case of costs, including the study by Anderson et al. (2003) as well as others applying their presented model. The majority of them have documented the stickiness of costs. Recent research has sought to explain the underlying causes of this phenomenon. A company's inventories are one of its current assets, which are used to generate income in future periods. They are sometimes manufactured to meet unpredictable needs, as well as other reasons, including a lack of agility in adjusting production volume according to demand, excessive costs associated with reducing outputs, shutting down production lines (dismantling costs), and forecasting an increase in production by management.  It is expected that inventories exhibit a sticky behavior. Thus, their changes (decreases) in response to a decrease in income should be less than their changes (increases) in response to an increase in income. This is reasonable in some cases, particularly in countries facing acute inflation and in companies that rely heavily on imports for their raw material supply. According to the complexities of different industries and the different economic considerations they have in supplying materials and goods, companies adopt different strategies for maintaining inventories. In order to cope with economic fluctuations, managers should consider inventory stickiness as part of their policies. Several studies can be conducted to examine the factors and conditions affecting this phenomenon.

In today's competitive world, an inventory management approach that, in addition to agility, is in line with demand and does not impose heavy costs on organizations, is essential. Inventory sticky management approach, which, contrary to the common approach in the new world, leads to inventory stickiness in periods of declining revenue, has costs for organizations that are expected to undermine performance organizations and impose additional costs on them. In this research, this important issue, which is a new topic in the domestic literature, has been examined.

To test the hypothesis of this research, 7,597 observations (year-firm) were collected and examined from the pooled data, which according to the definition of variables, only 3,975 observations between 2005 to 2020 remained and were used in the hypothesis test.

The results show that on average, Iranian companies have followed the approach of sticky inventory management in periods of declining revenues, which on average has led to costs for companies and a negative effect on company performance.

The analysis of the hypothesis of this research in the whole market and different industries shows that the costs of sticky inventory management outweigh the benefits for companies and has a negative effect on the performance of companies in most industries. There is no doubt that maintaining inventory has benefits given the macroeconomic conditions of the country, but the results of this study show that in the period of this research, the costs incurred are probably more than the benefits of this strategy and the opposite effect. However, the analysis of industries and the analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of each of them in terms of inventory maintenance is a subject that requires separate research.