فهرست مطالب zeinab adeli

Livability is one of the concepts that was raised at the same time as sustainability and is used together as a guiding principle for planning and urban planning policy. Paying attention to livability criteria in planning and designing cities and especially neighborhoods can create higher quality environments for citizens' lives. The purpose of this research is to investigate the livability level in two planned and unplanned contexts in Qazvin city. The current research has a descriptive-analytical quantitative approach. In this research, by studying the prevailing theoretical literature, seven main components were considered to measure the livability in residential areas, which are: social capital, economic justice, vitality, identity, compatible physical environment, access and context resilience. Then, using the available statistics, field survey and questionnaire, each of the parameters was measured in two contexts of the irregular (Ghiyasabad neighborhood) and pre-planned (Minoodar neighborhood). These two neighborhoods are at the same time in terms of their formation period, but different in terms of their formation method, and as a result, they have different physical, social, and cultural qualities, so they were selected for investigation. Then, for each of the 7 mentioned components, indicators and metrics were defined to make them measurable, and using the AHP technique, the components and indicators were weighted and the relative score of each of the target context was calculated. In the Analytical Hierarchy (AHP) method, after drawing the hierarchical tree, the weight of each of the criteria and indicators was calculated using a questionnaire that was provided to 21 experts and specialists in this field. The obtained weight was multiplied by the unscaled number of each index and finally the final weight of the options (in this research, Ghiyasabad and Minoodar neighborhoods) was obtained. The difference in the nature and quality of the physical, social and functional environment of these tissues has caused the difference in the livability of the neighborhoods. Based on the results, the livability of Ghiyasabad neighborhood as a contemporary unplanned fabric of Qazvin city is higher than Minoodar neighborhood with a planned fabric. It seems that One of the important reasons for the low level of livability in planned neighborhoods is the lack of attention to social-cultural issues in the design phase. In addition to the low level of social capital, the lack of collective spaces with local identity in the newly designed context of Minoodar neighborhood and the lack of functions and symbols of local indicators have caused a decrease in the sense of belonging among citizens. This review identifies planning priorities in these two contexts to achieve higher livability. Therefore, in the designed context, attention was paid to solutions for improving social capital, improving the vitality of the city environment and creating a unique identity. In the undesigned context, planning to improve the level of resilience and eliminate incompatible uses should be prioritized.

The difference in the role and level of actors' intervention in shaping the place, caused by different urban development policies, leads to different results in the place making.The aim of this research is understanding this difference and its impact on the final product (shaping a place and through it the residents’ place attachment). Based on this, the place attachment has been evaluated in the neighborhoods of Eslamshahr with different origins and roles of the actors.For this purpose, the quantitative approach was used to find a significant relationship between the place attachment and the level of intervention of actors. The method of data collection in assessing place attachment was survey by using a questionnaire. In order to evaluate the role of actors, document review and in-depth interview with informants are done. The studied neighborhoods categorized in three types based on based on actors with different roles: "actors with unofficial origins (people)", "actors with official origins (government)" and "actors with a combination of official and unofficial origins (people and government)". The results show in the neighborhoods have formed under the influence of a combination of different actors, place attachment is higher than the neighborhoods have formed only under the influence of official (government) or unofficial (local community) actors. In other words, it can be concluded that the interaction between the actors and supplying the interests of all the involved groups can lead to the transformation of the space into a place for the residents, and thereby improving their place attachment.

After the emergence of problems and inconsistency, as well as the failure to achieve the intended goals in the intervention policies in the cities, following the comprehensive planning of the cities, people's participation and a multi-sectoral approach were taken into account in strategic planning based on local comparisons. The realization of the bottom-up perspective in planning makes it necessary to start planning from the neighborhood scale. In this article, in order to solve the problems and complexities of Abshar neighborhood, the strategic planning of this neighborhood has been developed. This research is among applied research based on descriptive-analytical method. In order to collect information from library and other documents, direct observation and collection, holding meetings in the form of focused group discussions, interviews with residents and officials of the municipality of District 12 have been used. The assessment of the neighborhood situation has been done using the SWAT technique. The work process is such that, after the general examination and knowledge of the neighborhood in the physical, social, economic and institutional fields based on the defined indicators, with the use of individual interviews and focused group discussions, the weaknesses, strengths, and opportunities and neighborhood threats were identified. Also, the list of assets and funds of the neighborhood was extracted. By prioritizing the issues and problems of this neighborhood, based on this table and the results obtained from focused discussions and interviews, the perspective of the neighborhood was defined. In order to realize this vision, goals, policies, strategies and finally an action plan were defined.

One of the concepts used in the planning and management of cities today is the concept of urban branding. The brand of a city is an asset of a city and a tool to differentiate and increase the credibility of a city compared to other countries. In this regard, the upcoming research tries to explain the concept of urban branding and review some domestic and foreign experiences in the field of urban branding to take a step towards clarifying the dimensions of this concept and its applications. The purpose of this research is to review the experiences of urban branding as a tool for economic development to advance future research in the field of urban branding. Meta-analysis method is used in this research. Based on the results of this research, the concept of urban branding is an interdisciplinary concept. In this article, an attempt was made to review the theoretical literature on urban branding and review the articles published in domestic and foreign scientific journals, the indicators affecting the urban brand and the evaluation and measurement methods of the urban brand were recounted. Urban development has a direct relationship with urban competitiveness. In the evaluation and measurement of urban branding, different contextual dimensions and indicators have been proposed. In general, city brand indicators include six items: presence, location, potential, people, mobility and infrastructure. The scale of urban brand investigation and its dimensions in domestic and foreign researches emphasizes the scale of the city and according to the existing identity and the potential and actual potentials of the city. Contextualism in cities causes more focus on urban identity. The dimensions of identity contextualism in order to promote urban competitiveness are divided into 10 dimensions, which include the social context dimension to the industrial and technological dimension.

Nowadays, the importance of participation in affairs is obvious to everyone, but it seems that this importance is less paid and ignored in urban plans and programs in Iran. Also, according to the current debate in the world regarding the realization and implementation of projects, in this research, which is a review of the previous literature, with a review of the theories and methods of participation and a comprehensive look at this topic, the importance and necessity of participation is summarized and reviewed.

Specialization after World War II, led to limited views and weak interdisciplinary communications. Paradigms and expertise, as narrow glasses, ignored wide range of features. This specialization caused some conflicts in the meaning of place, as an extensive and complex concept which is rooted in social, cultural, political, and economic and personality context. This semantic confusion is due to lack of common conceptualization among various disciplines involved. The concept of place plays a central role in planning. To properly understand the concept of place, different views should be considered. Hence, beyond a unique narrative limited to one specific field, this research is to provide a typology of place definitions and a more coherent view in order to develop an interdisciplinary model for understanding this phenomenon. This typology would not be complete and reliable without considering the concept of time. Because place is a dynamic concept which has been historically defined and redefined.

In this paper, based on a qualitative approach and the content analysis methodology, the ontology of place over time was studied. The method of data collection that used in this article is Library resources related to the analysis of the development process and the evolution of the concept of place and examine the interdisciplinary nature of the phenomenon. In the process of this research, the specialized vocabulary of the site and related terms in various fields were searched in the search engine of Scopus. In this research, 25 specialist fields were identified in various fields of philosophy and phenomenology, sociology, environmental psychology, urban economics, human geography, management and politics, cyber technology, environment, urban design and planning with 8031 repetitions. For more precise studies, in each discipline, 5 articles with the highest number of referrals were reviewed in more succinct terms.

In the first step, the vocabularies, concepts and methods related to the “concept of place” have been identified in various fields and disciplines. Philosophy and phenomenology, environmental psychology, human geography, sociology, urban economics, management and policy - making, cyber technology, urban design and urban planning have their own keywords and definitions for the creation of place. Researches indicate that the most useful term in place studies related to the concept of "sense of place" with a total of 2668 repetitions, followed by the concept of "place making" and its derivative compounds with a total of 1,279 repetitions. Of course, the term "place making" also has the greatest effect on composite concepts. In the second step, concepts and definitions were categorized to four "types": place as a set of visual signs, place as a product (the dominant approach before the 1960s), place as a process (the dominant approach between 1960s-1990s) and places as meaning (the dominant approach after 1990s).In "place as a set of visual signs" approach, urban designers and architects have developed various Ways to represent the visual attributes of place. The visual attributes of place are often used as parts of a shared language, which enable designers to differentiate the elements of urban form, for example streets, squares, and buildings. The study of place height, width, depth, proportions, edging, and subdivisions provides a common set of principles for differentiating the visual attributes of place and, in turn, creating “visual excitement”. Considering the concepts presented by scholars and the thematic characteristics of this type, urban design can be considered as the most important field of study in this category of theories.Place as product constitutes the second ontological construct of place. This approach to architecture and city planning attempts to develop archetypes as a rational method of place making. At the close of the twentieth century, a substantial portion of the tenets of postmodern architecture, New Urbanism, and urban design looked at the past to define spatial typologies that have timeless qualities and can be applied as solutions to contemporary urban problems. The product-oriented approach focuses on tangible aspects of place, shorter rather than longer time spans, and a specific type of clientele rather than the entire community’s. Considering the nature of the methodology and the concepts and vocabulary raised in this approach, urban design, urban planning, environment, technology and technical are disciplines that can be considered in this type of theories.The third aspect of the conception of place (place as process) deals with the transformation of place throughout time. Places transform— grow, decline, and are often redeveloped. These processes, among others, reflect the social and political economic forces affecting place, which in turn transform its image. Urban design, environment, economics, sociology, management, and politics are the most important disciplines in this ontology approach.Place as meaning addresses how people perceive the built environment and impart meaning to it. Scholars have been intrigued by the ways in which people assign meaning. Viewing “place as meaning” is highly subjective. Cultural geographers, among others, have attempted to interpret the meaning of place by translating the stories of the collective experience and memory of place. Regarding the range of vocabulary, concepts and methods used in local studies around the meaning of place, disciplines such as urban design, urban planning, philosophy, human geography, and environmental psychology have played the most role in location studies in terms of meaning.

According to what has been said, the concept of place is a multi-dimensional conceptual and different disciplines get involved in the formation of this concept. The typology that is found in concept of place shows a profound change in studying the concept of place: changing from place-based approaches to meaning-based approaches. In order to achieve a common understanding in the epistemological studies of place, an interdisciplinary model was developed. Interdisciplinary nature of urban design and urban planning can be used as an intermediate link between the various disciplines involved in studies of place

Today, cities around the world for various reasons, including location, unsuitable physical development, poor standards of construction and etc are faced with Risks and damage caused by natural disasters. Every year several large earthquakes in the country, especially in areas with high seismicity occur that it causes a lot of damages and casualties .Crisis management refers to the actions set that occurred before, during and after the disaster, one of the problems in the past centuries that is threatened Life of human societies, Natural disaster and accidents. Considering these kinds of natural disasters and environmental disasters that occur in this species is different. One of the areas in the disasters, especially earthquakes, suffered seriously is urban areas and urban fabrics. This issue shows clearer Necessity planning in order to reduce the effects of the crisis. In urban areas, harmful effects of the occurrence of natural disasters, including combination of physical and dysfunction of the city's devastation. Demolition of structures and residential buildings, and a vital artery such as roads, telephone lines, electricity lines, water piping, gas lines and etc of cases where it can be noted. In addition to direct damage caused by destruction of installations and buildings, Gas leak and fire damage caused by disasters should be considered. Another dimension of crisis is human disaster. This mortality, especially in areas of high population and areas have a compact texture are more. Along with many of the sciences in order to reduce damage and mortality caused by earthquakes, urban planning can be seen effective in this area. Reduce vulnerability and immunization city against the hazards of earthquakes will accrue when it is considered as a goal at all levels in planning. The urban planning as a mid-level planning is presented the most efficient planning to reduce levels of vulnerability to earthquakes. To organize urban fabric for reducing vulnerability it is essential, should be revealed integrated network as a vital "safety net". "Safety net" is not just a set of streets and roads but a continuous and organized network of main roads and most important centers is needed in times of crisis. In all circumstances disturbance of this network should be prevented. In this research effort is to define criteria and indicators of environment, population - social, economic, Physical, Vulnerable areas of the city of Qazvin should be assessed with using multiple decisions making. Finally determined, the third region of 19 regions of the Qazvin are high vulnerable in earthquake. This issue can determine attention to immunization and Retrofitting urban fabric than before. After that it should be studied vital and effective physical elements of crisis management to reduce vulnerability in times of crisis were identified in other studies. The optimal locations of these facilities were identified by defining criteria and indicators. Finally, primary and secondary routes in the city of Qazvin were identified with regard to regulations and standards governing the primary and secondary routes and the placement of facilities and access to various facilities in the shortest possible time.