فهرست مطالب zeinab sadat mirmohammadi

In July 1990, Iraq‟s all-out attack to Kuwait and occupation of this oil-rich emirate not only surprised the analysis‟s and observers of international issues especially after the failure of Saddam‟s regime in long-lasting war with Iran, but alsoforced the states of the world and international community to show direct interference and reaction in this crisis. The battle that is undoubtedly the biggest battle of the twentieth century after the Second World War in terms of equipment and allies. WhySaddam Hussain took such insane action after the failure in war with Iran is the question still discussed and ana-lyzed by the thinkers of international political studies. Some believe that the green light from the US government to Saddam's regime, like the green light of the US to attack against Iran, encourage him to take this action so that the US could intervene more in the region and especially in the Persian Gulf under the excuse of supporting the depen-dent and dominated states, and make this intervention legally and definitive. It is while there is another theory with a stronger argument. Therefore, in this article we intend to investigate the political developments in Iraq, from the Second Persian Gulf War to the fall of Saddam.

Iraqi Shiites make up near 60 percent of the population live in the southern half of the country. However, they have been rarely in the circles of power throughout history and often under colonial domination of minorities that reached its peak during the rule of the Ba'ath Party. Thus, the Shiites were considered as an opposition through the history of Iraq, particularly after the World War I and the entry of Britain, although the intensity of the struggle varied according to different conditions. As noted, the Shiites who were in a weak position throughout the Iraq's history were able to gain significant influence on the structure of the Iraqi government and build a Shiite government due to changes in their country after 2003. The Shiites pursue their goals as Islamist parties and groups, and although they differ in many details of their goals, they are united in their general identity, Islam, and establishment of a Muslim community, and seek, in the light of reli-gious doctrines, giving meaning to future policies of their country. This research aims to investigate the Iraqi Shiites’ historical status from the era of Imam Ali (AS) until the fall of Saddam.