فهرست مطالب zeynab karimi

The board of director’s busyness in the sense of simultaneously being a member of the board in other companies is one of the manager’s characteristics in the corporate governance mechanisms of a company, which has also been considered in recent studies. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the busyness of the board members and financial decisions and the moderating effect of life cycle stages on this relationship. Statistical analysis was done using sample data consisting of 174 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2011 to 2023. To test hypotheses, regression models with least squares estimator and dynamic panel method with generalized moments of moments estimator were used as complementary methods. The results showed that the board of director’s busyness has a positive and significant relationship with the variables of cash holdings, also positive and significant relationship with sales, general and administrative expenses, and a negative and significant relationship with capital expenditures. Also, the findings indicate the moderating role of the stages of the life cycle stages in the relationship between the busyness of the board members with cash holdings and capital expenditures. Supplementary tests confirm the strength of the main results. The results of the research show that caution should be used in recruiting busy members in the structure of the board of directors because a high ratio of busy members causes ineffective decisions such as reducing capital expenditures, increasing cash holdings and increasing sales, general and administrative costs.

Pedestrians are the most vulnerable people in the traffic system, and every year, thousands of pedestrians are injured or killed due to traffic accidents. The behavior of pedestrians is one of the human factors involved in traffic accidents. In the meantime, the damage is more in the age groups of 60 years and older. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between fear of falling and functional status with the traffic behavior of older pedestrians in Sari City.

The present study is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study conducted in Sari City in 2022-2023. The research population included all the older adults aged 60 years and above receiving care in the health centers of Sari City. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria and using multistage random sampling, 630 people were determined as the sample size. In order to collect information, a demographic characteristics questionnaire, Womac functional status questionnaire, fear of falling (FES), and traffic behavior were used. The data was analyzed using SPSS-22 statistical software. The significance level of the tests was considered to be 0.05.

The average age of the older participants was 67.34±7.61 years. 53.2% of the participants were male, and 71.4% were married. The mean and standard deviation of functional state scores, fear of falling, and traffic behavior were 56.65±17.62, 30.69±12.56, and 106.06±12.01, respectively. Correlation results showed that functional status has a significant inverse correlation with fear of falling (P<0.001 and r=-0.22) and a positive significant correlation with traffic behavior (P<0.001 and r=0.32). No significant relationship was observed between fear of falling and traffic behavior. Gender, marital status, duration of walking, means of transportation, and age had a significant relationship with fear of falling and functional status (P<0.001). Walking time was significantly related to traffic behavior (P<0.001).

According to the results of the study, the fear of falling and the physical condition of the older have an effect on their traffic behavior, which may increase the number of accidents in this group, so it is important to pay attention to this issue among drivers.

One of the external factors affecting the financial reporting quality is the company’s social attitude to ensure the stakeholders interests as social legitimacy. Because accepting social responsibility strengthens disclosure, reduces information asymmetry and reduces business risk. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of social responsibility dimensions (Quantitative dimensions) on financial statement comparability. This research is applied in terms of purpose and correlation in terms of method. For this purpose, 984 year-company in the period of 2013-2020 were selected and analyzed using multivariate regression models in Eviews software. The results show that the overall index of social responsibility has a positive effect on financial statement comparability. Also, the moral and economic dimensions of social responsibility have the most positive effect on the financial statement comparability respectively. Which shows the importance of moral indicators of social responsibility in improving the financial reporting quality. While the legal dimension of social responsibility does not have a significant effect on financial statement comparability, which can be due to the lack of legal capabilities expected to respond to the business social responsibility.

With the spread of the COVID-19 and the endangerment of the health of various groups, the health of women of reproductive age is becoming more and more important. The aim of this study was to determine COVID-19 pandemic prevention needs assessment of women of reproductive age in city of Qom, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 264 women of reproductive age in Qom in 2021. Data collection was done by electronic questionnaire and its publication in domestic virtual media in a multi-step method. The questionnaire was researcher-made and included demographic, knowledge, attitude and practice questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency and percentage) and analytical statistics (independent t-test, ANOVA). A significance level of 0.05 was considered.

The mean age of the subjects was 28.28 + 7.2. 218 people had university education (82.6%), 175 people were married (66.3%), 87 people were housewives (33%), 123 people (46.6%) had a history of relatives and family members. There was a direct and significant relationship between knowledge and attitude, knowledge and preventive practice, attitude and preventive practice (P <0.05). Scores of knowledge, attitude and practice had a desirable level. Knowledge with age, attitude with education and performance showed a significant relationship (p <0.05)

Knowledge, attitude and practice of women of reproductive age in Qom are appropriate and acceptable. According to the prevalence of covid-19 disease and the importance of health of women of reproductive age, the results can be used in designing health interventions.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral zoonosis. Ranchers, butchers, and slaughterhouse workers run the risk of contracting the disease more than others.

This study was aimed at the evaluation of occupational behaviors and practices of butchers and meat industry workers regarding CCHF based on the health belief model (HBM).

The present descriptive-analytical study was carried out among 207 local butchers working in slaughterhouses who were selected by cluster sampling in Qom City in the first six months of 2019. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the HBM constructs was used. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire have been verified. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient.

A total of 141 (68.12%) of the participants used personal protective equipment, including appropriate workwear, gloves, mask, goggles, and boots when they had direct contact with raw meat products. There were significant positive relationships between CCHF preventive behaviors and perceived barrier structures (P = 0.003), perceived benefits (P = 0.004), perceived severity (P = 0.002), perceived susceptibility (P = 0.001), and cues to action (P = 0.001). Based on linear regression analysis, perceived susceptibility was able to predict 96% of the variance of CCHF preventive behaviors in Qom’s butchers.

Perceived susceptibility is a predictor of CCHF preventive behaviors; thus, future plans and programs are suggested to be based on the HBM and emphasize increasing perceived susceptibility and other constructs of this model to improve the diseasepreventing behaviors of butchers.

Oral health plays an important role in determining food intake patterns, meeting nutritional needs, and consequently keeping the health of the elderly and their quality of life. Health literacy is also one of the biggest determinants that significantly impacts disease prevention in the elderly.

This study aimed to determine oral health status and the relationship between health literacy and nutritional status in the elderly referring to health centers in Tabriz City, Iran.

This research is a cross-sectional analytical study performed on 300 older people in Tabriz in 2020. Data collection tools included the geriatric oral health assessment index, seniors in the community: risk evaluation for eating and nutrition, health literacy for Iranian adults, and demographic information questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used to sort out the data. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the data normality, and then simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between variables and control the effect of intervening variables. The level of significance in this study was considered less than 0.05.

The Mean±SD age of the elderly was 69.7±6.7 years. The number of men and women participating in this study was equal. A total of 257 people (85.7%) were married. The results showed that the oral health status of 51% of the elderly was below mean, 65.33% of the elderly were illiterate, and 69.33% were severely malnourished. Based on the results of multiple regression, the nutritional status of the individuals was a predictor of the oral health score of the elderly (Β=-13.5, 95% CI; -11.3, -15.69, P=0.001). So, people with malnutrition, mildly malnourished, and severely malnourished had lower oral health scores than healthy individuals with the control of the other variables. The R2 value in this study was 0.59.

According to the study results and the relationship between malnutrition and oral health, it is necessary to conduct studies on the factors affecting malnutrition in the elderly by intervening on the factors affecting malnutrition, changing the oral health status of the elderly, and improving their quality of life.

Background & Aims of the Study: 

This study aimed to determine the relationship between fear of falling, mental wellbeing, and depression in the elderly with cardiovascular disease.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 283 elderly selected per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The required data were collected using the Center of Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I), and the World Health Organization- Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics and regression analysis methods. The significance level was considered 0.05.

The obtained results suggested that gender, place of residence, mental wellbeing, and depression were significantly associated with fear of falling in the examined sample (P<0.001). Furthermore, for every 10 units of welfare increase, the average fear of falling in the elderly decreases by 2 units. Additionally, on average, the fear of falling for the elderly females was 1.55 points higher than that in their male counterparts. Moreover, the average fear of falling for the elderly who were depressed was 3.37 points higher than that in the elderly without depression. Eventually, the average fear of falling in the elderly who lived in urban areas was 2.68 points higher than that in the elderly who lived in rural areas.

Based on the current research findings, depression and mental wellbeing were predictors of fear of falling; thus, they can be considered as effective factors in interventions to reduce the fear of falling and falling in the elderly

Nutrition is one of the essential determinants of health in the elderly so that in older age, malnutrition and chronic diseases become prevalent, and one leads to another and vice versa.

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition and its association with general health and multimorbidity among older people living in nursing homes in Ahvaz City in 2016.

This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 184 older people living in nursing homes located in Ahvaz. The participants were assessed using a demographic form, mini nutritional assessment tool, and the 12-item general health questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS V. 18 using descriptive statistics as well as the Spearman correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and one way ANOVA.

Of 184 participants, (66.2%) were female and (33.8%) male with a Mean±SD age of 68.9±7.8 year. Also, (19.2%) had malnutrition, (52.17%) risks of developing malnutrition, (28.8%) normal nutritional state, and (99.26%) undesirable general health status. There was no statistically significant relationship between their general health and nutritional status. About (35%) of the elderly had 3 or more diseases, where their most common disease was depression. Based on the results, their nutritional state had a significant correlation with multimorbidity (r=0.92, P=0.02) and between high-protein food intake and skin problems (r=0.71, P<0.001).

Regarding the undesirable nutritional status and the low level of general health in the elderly, nutritional, and psychological interventions for this group seems necessary.

Hypochondria is one of of pseudo-physical disorders that despite Physical health, the person believes in having a serious illness for at least 6 months and is often associated with anxiety and depression.
Considering the fact that many operating room personnel are under stress and due to the direct effect of this group's function on community health,, this study aimed to determine the frequency of hypochondria in the operating room staff of the educational hospitals of GuilanUniversity of Medical Sciences.
This study was performed on 101 personnel of operating rooms of hospitals affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences. The Operating room personnel responded to the demographic questionnaire and the Evans Hypochondria standard  questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software.
In this study, the prevalence of hypocondria was 18.19%.  42 (46.7%) were healthy, and32 (35.6%), the disorder existed partly. Of the 16 personnel with this disorder, 14 personnel had mild hypocondria and 2 personnel had moderate hypocondria. There was no significant relationship between hypocondria with gender, educational status and marital status. While, the relationship between age and self-confidence was significant (P = 0.013).
In this study, a high prevalence of this disorder was observed in Compared to other global research. According to the results of this study, with the increase in age, the prevalence of hypocondria increases. The reason for this statistically significant association can be the increase in anxiety and depression which requires more extensive studies to clarify this issue.

The evaluation and accurate recognition of all the needs and problems of patients, including spiritual needs, are inevitable to increase the quality of nursing care. This study aimed to evaluate the spiritual needs and their association with anxiety and depression in the elderly with chronic diseases.
This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 100 patients with chronic diseases above 60 years of age. The subjects were selected through convenience sampling in the two hospitals of Qom, Iran, in 2017. Data collection tools were demographic characteristics questionnaire, as well as the questionnaire of spiritual needs and hospital anxiety and depression scale.
In this study, the mean age of the subjects was 65.4±5.2 years. All the patients were reported with at least a spiritual need. The highest score related to the item of "requesting help from God" was 2.31±0.76, whereas the lowest score related to the item of "talking with others about the life after death" was 0.66±0.98. The results of regression analysis demonstrated that among the variables entered into the univariate model, the two variables of depression and disease duration had a significant relation with spiritual needs.
Unmet spiritual needs were reported high in the elderly with chronic diseases, and depression, as well as disease duration, were the effective factors in the spiritual needs of the elderly with chronic diseases. Therefore, the spiritual needs of patients with chronic diseases should be considered in clinical care in order to identify potential therapeutic ways to support and stabilize their emotional state.

Tobacco products' consumption among students seems to have increased, which threatens their health as a cultural and social harm. The present study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of students in Qom University of Medical Sciences about tobacco. A cross-sectional study was performed in Qom University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from December 2017 to January 2018. Subjects accommodates 499 individuals who were selected through the simple random sampling. Data were collected using demographic and Global Youth Tobacco Survey (knowledge, attitude, and practice on tobacco) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, mean, and standard deviation were used to describe the status of the individuals. Pearson correlation coefficient and independent t-test, Chi-square, and ANOVA were used to analyze the relationships in SPSS-20 software. The mean age of the samples was 21.32 ± 3.89 years. Men were 272 (54.4%), 438 (87.6) were single, and the rest were married. Average student knowledge was 6.65 (2.22), and their positive attitude was 40.16 (11.02). About practice, 76.9%, 93.5%, and 76% of people never used smoke, pipe, and hookah, respectively. T-test showed that there is a significant relationship between positive attitude and gender (P < 0.001); however, there is no significant relationship between knowledge scores and gender (P = 0.068). Chi-square test indicates that the difference between the two groups of girls and boys is not significant compared to the age of start of smoking (P = 0.86). Female students' knowledge was slightly higher than male; however, the positive attitude of male students was more than the female students about tobacco. It is necessary that the authorities and counseling centers of the university found underlying causes and work hard to solve the students' problems.

The rate of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) varies from 23% to 47% in Iran. Few studies have utilized an appropriate theoretical framework to investigate the continuation of EBF behavior. Resorting to the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study was carried out to determine factors affecting EBF among women referred to health centers. Using multi-stage sampling method, 373 women were selected. Based on TPB, a questionnaire of theory based within demographic variables was designed for data collection. Prevalence of EBF was 72.4%. Moreover, father's educational level and father's job had a significant relationship with EBF behavior. In addition, significant negative relationships were found between EBF behavior and subjective norms as well as intention. As a result, intervention programs using the TPB can be helpful for promoting the continuity of EBF.

 Sleep quality is an important indicator of many geriatric diseases. As people age, changes happen in the quality and quantity of their sleep, which means sleep disorders and complications. This study aimed to determine the predictors of sleep disorder in elderly people living in nursing homes.  This cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 130 elderly residents of senior care homes in Ahvaz City, Iran. The samples were selected by the convinience sampling method and according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire, general health questionnaire (12 questions form), knee pain questionnaire, social support questionnaire, and demographic characteristic checklist were used to collect the study data that were analyzed using stepwise linear regression analysis in SPSS22.  In this study, 33.8% (n=44) of the participants were men and 66.2% (n=86) were women. The Mean±SD age of the subjects was 68±7.8 years. In total, 13.8% of the samples had a low level of sleep disorder, 81.5% moderate level of sleep disorder, and 4.6% severe level of sleep disorder. Based on the fitted regression model (F=7.24; P<0.001), multiple diseases (β=0.20), perceived social support (β= -0.26), joint stiffness (β=0.25), and knee pain (β = 0.24) were the significant predictors of sleep disorder in the elderly people, and explained 18.9% of the changes in sleep quality.  The results of the study showed that 86.1% of the elderly had a sleep disorder. Perceived social support, joint stiffness, knee pain, and multiple diseases were among determinants and predictors of elderly sleep disorder.

The quality of inhaler use can significantly affect the effectiveness of inhalation medications. This study was done to compare the effects of face‑to‑face and video‑based education methods on inhaler use.
A quasi‑experimental, pretest/posttest clinical trial study was conducted on 120 patients with respiratory diseases who were under treatment with metered‑dose inhalers. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either face‑to‑face (n = 60) or video‑based education (n = 60) about correct inhaler use. Inhaler use was assessed using a 15‑item checklist before, 2 weeks, and 1 month after the education. Chi‑square and independent sample t‑test as well as repeated‑measures analysis of variance were used for data analysis.
At baseline, the groups did not differ significantly in inhaler use as shown by the mean score (t = 0.81, p = 0.33). Repeated‑measures analysis showed that the mean score of inhaler use significantly increased in both groups 2 weeks and 1 month after the intervention (F = 585.07, p Both face‑to‑face and video‑based education methods significantly improve inhaler use, even though the effects of the face‑to‑face method are significantly greater. Nurses can use either of these two methods or both for education of patients about inhaler use.

Aim: People receive social support from family, peers, and other social systems. Within this wide spectrum, social networks that support people unofficially involve the group of family and peers. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between perceived social support and mental health of students in Tehran.
This descriptive and analytical study was conducted on 227 students in Tehran using two questionnaires including the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) with 28 questions, and the social support inventory with two scales of Perceived Social Support from Family (PSSFA) and Perceived Social Support from Friends (PSSFR). The collected data were analyzed via SPSS18 software using Pearson correlation test.
Findings: The results showed that mental health had significant relationship with the total score of social support (p As proved by the results of this study, when social support is stronger, an individual will have a better mental health status. Moreover, people who experience a higher level of family support have a better mental health status.

BackgroundOsteoporosis is one of the most important health problems and it is of great importance to prevent this disease. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional preventive behavior of osteoporosis using health belief model in female students in Qom city, Iran.
Materials and MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted on 265 tenth to twelfth grade female students in Qom city. The subjects were selected via multistage sampling method. To collect data, we used a standard questionnaire based on health belief model. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0 using independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and ANOVA.
ResultsKnowledge and perceived self-efficacy had a positive and significant relationship with nutritional preventive behavior of osteoporosis (P=0.04, r=0.12 and P=0.004, r=0.18, respectively). However, perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers had a negative and significant relationship with nutritional preventive behavior of osteoporosis (P=0.02, r=-0.14 and PConclusionHealth Belief Model is a helpful and efficient model for preventive behaviors. This method can be also utilized to design intervention programs to change osteoporosis preventive nutritional behaviors.

Although osteoporosis is a disease of adulthood, it can start from childhood and adolescence. Lifestyle, especially physical activity, mobility, and proper nutrition during adolescence are among the important osteoporosis preventive factors. Therefore, this study aimed to determine related factors of physical activity preventive behavior of osteoporosis based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) among teen girls in Qom city, Iran.
This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted on 265 tenth to twelfth grade girl students in Qom city. The participants were selected via multistage sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire based on Health Belief Model used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20.
The current study, knowledge and perceived self-efficacy had a significant and positive relationship with physical activity behavior (r=0.13, P0.05).
The results of the study showed that educational interventions and programs must focus on increasing knowledge and perceived self-efficacy to enhance physical activity behavior and reduce the perceived barriers associated with osteoporosis preventive physical activity.

Test anxiety is a special case of a general anxiety which is of particular importance in students, because students will be the future of the country and the society activists. On the other hand, sleep quality and sleep disorders, have correlation with ailments, poor performance, decreased quality of life and increase of associated costs; This study aimed to determine the quality of sleep and its relationship with test anxiety among students in Qom city, Iran.
This study was a cross-sectional study, which was performed among 250 students who were going to pass the exam preparation classes. In order to collect data Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires and Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 with descriptive statistics and statistical methods, independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient.
In this study, 50% of participants were boys (n=125) and 50 percent were girls (n=125). 81.4% of subjects had poor sleep quality and 69.6% had average to high score for test anxiety. Based on the results of anxiety test and sleep quality index there was a significant correlation between anxiety and sleep quality with gender (P=0.003, r=0.447).
School children had poor sleep quality and high test anxiety, and due to their direct and significant correlation, attention to this category of students, especially for girls, is important. Therefore, anxiety and promoting sleep quality control programs are recommended in this group.

this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention on the Trans-theoretical Model in the promotion of physical activity in older men. This study was a clinical trial on 140 elderly retired member of the Association of Qom، a random selection of properties in the control and intervention groups. Trans-theoretical Model model-based tools used questionnaires and physical activity questionnaire was aged Champs. To analyze the results of chi - square and analysis of variance with repeated data in SPSS version 18 is used. This study was approved by the site IRCT number IRCT201407208742N5. Before the intervention and control groups in terms of demographic variables and physical activity showed no significant difference (p<0/05). Average score for the elderly physical activity intervention group before training، after training for one month and six months after training were significantly different (p<0/001). The mean score on the questionnaire structure-based model of education in this group had no significant difference (p˂0/05). Control group، a significant difference in the mean score of physical activity questionnaire structures there. Based on the findings of research conducted on the Trans-theoretical Model in promoting physical activity intervention is effective and valid، and the Trans-theoretical Model can be useful in this context. With the application of this model and identify the barriers and facilitators of physical activity in the elderly can be effective steps taken to promote regular physical activity.

developing countries, Diseases and problems of this developmental stage can enter the much expense on governments and cause many disability that severely affects the quality of life of older people. The aim of this study was survey the effect of educational intervention in the context of physical activity to improve the quality of life of older men in Qom. A quasi-experimental intervention study with a sample size of 140 subjects in intervention and control groups randomly from among of the population pensioners were selected of Qom was implemented. Scale used in this study was WHOQOL-Old questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed by face to face with the questioner. For data analysis the descriptive statistics and chi-square test and analysis of variance with repeated data were used The significance level in this study p<0.05 were considered. Based on the results the average life quality score in control group that did not receive of education was 3.67±0.3That this amount to 3.75±0.31 was changed. The mean quality of life in the intervention group before the intervention was 3.75±0.31 that after intervention, this rate in the intervention group was changed 3.96±0.32 that represents increase of the quality of life in the intervention group (p <0.001). Based on the results of the study interventional education on physical activity is effective in improving the quality of life in older adults. On the other hand, can be using assess the quality of life of elderly people came to know the dimensions of the problems and challenges in older adults. According to its findings and policy, health care, social support, strengthening the cultural and economic well taken effective steps to improve the quality of life.

François-Marie Arouet (Voltaire) (1694-1778) as a most controversial orientalist in 18th century, expressed challenging views about Islam and Life of Prophet (Sira) which have undergone a gradual evolution. Initially, in the first phase he has a highly critical view on Islam and Muhammad such that he has addressed him as a liar and deceitful man. In the second phase which synchronizes with the middle of his cultural and scientific life he adopted a moderate stance on Islam and Muhammad. In this phase he has introduced the prophet as a politician and finally late in life, he has praised and worshipped the prophet and has referred to him as creator of the biggest revolution and religion and mentions Islam as the greatest religion. Thus, this paper aims to illustrate the thinking of Voltaire about Muhammad, the way he was transformed and its causes and this study also seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What is the reason of Voltaire’s critical attitude towards Muhammad? 2. In which issues he criticizes Muhammad? 3. What factors are involved in transforming Voltaire’s outlook on Muhammad? 4. Is there any relationship between his positive view on Muhammad in the second half of his life and his critical attitude towards Christianity?

Shah Abbas Safavid era, especially after seeing the growing presence of Europeans in Iran are naturally present - could lay the groundwork for greater understanding between Iranians and Europeans to encounter and provide. Thus began the serious work of Christians in the time of Shah Abbas I, be back. King A. Because there are two opposing forces, namely the Uzbeks and the Ottomans in the East in the West, seeks to connect more with the Christian nations of Europe, as well as by the economic and business conditions, the Christian of Iran are very kindly will operate. and Sy, respectively. Christians to participate in religious ceremonies. This study aims. The extent possible, based on available primary sources and analytic methods to check the status of Christians in Safavid Shah Abbas I in the role and status in society and causes a positive outlook towards Christians should be paid by Shah Abbas.