فهرست مطالب zhila faridi

One of the major sources of Listeria monocytogenes, as the causative agent of invasive listeriosis, is raw milk. The aim of the present study was to detect Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk samples collected from dairy stores in Tehran, Iran, 2019.

A total of 100 raw milk samples were assessed using cultural techniques. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance profiles of the Listeria isolates were assessed against eight antimicrobials using disc diffusion method. Results and

Listeria spp., including Listeria grayi (5%), Listeria ivanovii (3%) and Listeria monocytogenes (2%), were detected in 10% of the samples. Listeria monocytogenes isolates were susceptible to major antimicrobials used for the treatment of listeriosis with no multidrug resistances. The highest frequencies of resistance were seen against streptomycin (60%), gentamicin (50%) and tetracycline (50%). In conclusion, potential risks of listeriosis still threaten consumers of the raw milk in Tehran.

The Objective Structured Clinical/Practical Examination (OSCE/OSPE)is one of the best assessment methods for measuring the students’ realization of theireducational goals in cognitive, emotional, and psychomotor domains. Given that gendermay influence the evaluation of medical sciences examinations, the present study wasconducted to compare the female and male nursing students of Shahid Beheshti Universityof Medical Sciences during years 2011 to 2015 in terms of their OSCE/OSPE scores for thebiochemistry laboratory. This study had a comparative descriptive design. All of the students participatedin this study from 2011 to 2015 (census). Over these four years, 649 students tookthis examination and their scores were recorded. The data collection tools included ademographic information questionnaire and a researcher-made checklist. Pearson’sCorrelation Coefficient was calculated for determining both the criterion validity and theinternal consistency (r = 0.732). The Pearson correlation coefficient confirmed the testretestreliability of the test (r = 0.88). The data were analyzed using the SPSS-22 softwarewith descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, the one- way Analysis of Variance(ANOVA), and Scheffe’s post-hoc test. The scores of 361 female students and 288 male students were assessed in thisstudy. The mean score was 11.6 ± 1.83 in female students and 11.2 ± 1.75 in male students(out of 14). The difference between the female and male students’ OSCE/OSPE scores inbiochemistry laboratory skills was significant (P = 0.02). Comparing the mean scores ofthe female and male students in biochemistry laboratory skills according to OSCE/OSPEby year of admission showed a significant difference between the genders in the studentsadmitted to the school during year 2012 (P = 0.01). There were also significant differencesbetween the age groups of < 20 and 25-29 and the other age groups in terms of the meanOSCE/OSPE scores (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the two genders in the meancrude scores obtained and the female students had slightly higher scores. Future studies arerecommended to investigate the students of other disciplines, academic levels, and schoolsto improve the generalizability of these findings.

It is of special importance to consider disinfection principles for next use or all types of reusable trial contact lenses; in order to prevent of transferring infectious agents from one patient to another.The aim of this research was to study the rate of observing disinfecting principles forreusable color contact lens trial sets by the practitioners in the optometry and ophthalmology offices and private eye clinics in Tehran. In this observational cross-sectional study, 42 eye centers (including 3 private eye clinics, 14 ophthalmology offices and 25 optometry offices) in Tehran using reusable color contact lens trial sets to present color contact lenses were checked. Sampling were made randomly from the surface of color contact lenses trial set (totally 65 samples obtained). Samples were cultured in standard laboratory conditions and the data were analyzed statistically for “Ratio Comparison Test”; using SPSS software (version 19). In some samples, one type and in some others two types of microorganisms were grown concurrently. In 81.5% of the samples, the bacterial contamination including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Diphtheroids, and Macrococcus was observed and in 18.5% of the samples, no bacterial contamination was found. Based on the findings, it seems that the present method in using reusable color contact lens trial sets may not be a suitable method.