zinatossadat bouzari

 Anemia, thrombocytosis, and leukocytosis, are commonly found in a variety of malignancies. The prognostic role of preoperative leukocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytosis on stages and grades of endometrial cancer (EC) in women undergoing surgery was the subject of this study.

 In this cross-sectional study, 105 women suffering from EC at Babol Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital from 2011 to 2018 were considered. Anemia, thrombocytosis, and leukocytosis were defined as prognostic factors. Then, the patients were placed at stages I, II, III, and IV, and ECs were graded as well, moderately and poorly differentiated or undifferentiated.  SPSS 22 software, Chi-square, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05).

 Higher rates of leukocytosis (54.3%), anemia (47.4%), and thrombocytosis (66.7%) were detected in tumor grades III, II, and III, respectively. A higher rate of leucocytosis (51.4%), anemia (60.5%), and thrombocytosis (51.9%) were reported in tumor stages III, I, and III, respectively. The relationship between tumor grade and tumor stage with leucocytosis and thrombocytosis was statistically significant (p <0.001). The white blood cell (WBC) sensitivity (70%) and specificity (70%), Hb sensitivity (37%) and specificity (39%), and platelets sensitivity (73%) and specificity (74%) were determined. There was a significant relationship between levels below the 3-variable curve and tumor stage with WBC (p <0.001) and platelet (p <0.001).

 Preoperative leukocytosis and thrombocytosis are related to the severity, stages, and grades of EC. Both of them have a prognostic role in women suffering from EC.

Urinary stress incontinence occurs due to weakness of the urethral sphincter and/or weakness of the pelvic floor muscles. The purpose of this study is to investigate the complications of TOT surgery in the treatment of women with stress urinary February.

This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on women suffering from stress urinary incontinence who underwent TOT surgery in Rohani and Mehregan Hospitals of Babol between March 2010 and February 2019. In order to record early complications, the medical records available in the clinic were referred to for the examination of patients one week and two months after the operation. The late complications of the operation were also investigated at the time of entering the study. Also, satisfaction with the procedure was scored using a visual scale (score 0 to 100). SPSS version 26 software was used in this study. Also, the significance level is less than 0.05.

The study included 59 patients, the majority of whom were housewives (91.5%), had an education level below high school (74.6%), and were menopausal (71.2%). The average age of the participants is 54.92±9.40 years. The most common postoperative complications were Dyspareunia (20.3%), lower urinary symptoms (13.6%), and incontinency (10.2%). Also, the rarest complications were intraoperative injury to the urethra or bladder (1.7%), mild Vaginal erogenous (1.7%), pain at the operation site (3.4%), and need for adjuvant treatment (3.4%). In response to the question of whether you would recommend this surgery to others who have the same problem, 53 people (83.89%) responded positively. The average level of patients' satisfaction with the operation (on a scale of 0 to 100) was 88.64±23.44. According to the T-test, there is a statistically significant relationship between the incidence of postoperative complications and the level of patient satisfaction (P<0.001).

Dyspareunia is the most common and complications during surgery such as damage to the urethra are the rarest complications of TOT surgery.

The suitable BMI cut-off point in persons with endometrial cancer or hyperplasia with abnormal uterine bleeding was investigated in this study.

This case-control research was conducted on 1470 women with abnormal uterine bleeding in Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital,Babol between 2010 and 2012, with 312 participants included in the study. In terms of uterine biopsy results, patients were split into six groups: simple hyperplasia without atypia, simple hyperplasia with atypia, complicated hyperplasia with atypia, complex hyperplasia without atypia, endometrial cancer, and normal persons.

The mean age and BMI of patients in these three groups were not significantly different (P equal to 0.081 and 0.435, respectively). The kind of disease exhibited a strong relationship with menstruation (P 0.001). The body mass index (BMI) values ​​did not have significant levels under the curve to determine the appropriate cut-off point in the diagnosis of hyperplasia plus endometrial cancer and endometrial cancer alone (P 0.380 and 0.124, respectively) and hyperplasia alone (P = 0.920). Based on logistic regression, age 50 years and older and irregular menstruation were significant with OR equal to 2.36 and 2.09 (P = 0.011) and HTN with OR equal to 0.44 (P = 0.026), respectively.

BMI has little predictive value in the detection of endometrial cancer or hyperplasia, according to the findings, and other diagnostic and screening modalities should be utilized instead. The findings backed up the theory that old age and irregular menstruation are linked to an increased risk of endometrial cancer.

The present study aimed to compare the diagnostic values of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) using the glucose challenge test (GCT) in screening for gestational diabetes.

A total of 618 women at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy were selected, and their FBS and HbA1c were measured using the GCT. The obtained results were compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values using the ROC curve.

At the cut-off point of 1.4, sensitivity was 69.74% and specificity was 69.05 for the FBS test; at the cut-off point of 6.6, sensitivity was 90.79% and specificity was 80.95% for the HbA1c test; the area under the ROC curve was 0.925 with a 95% confidence interval (0.979, 0.872).

The diagnostic values of the HbA1c test and GCT were favorable in screening for gestational diabetes; the HbA1c test also showed a high diagnostic value in women with positive OGCT and GCT results.

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting postpartum urinary retention (PPUR) following vaginal delivery.

This cross-sectional analytical study measured the post-void residual (PVR) urine volume by ultrasound, at most, 15 minutes after the first urination after delivery. Women with a PVR >150 mL without urinary symptoms were assigned to the postpartum covert urinary retention group. Data were analyzed with SPSS22. The chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used for quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively.

In this study, 1120 patients had a normal delivery at Ayatollahs Rouhani hospital from 21 January 2016 to 20 January 2017. Of this number, 306 (29.4%) and 734 (70.6%) cases with and without urinary retention were allocated to the case and control groups, respectively. Women with instrumental delivery had 30.19 times (P = 0.003) higher odds of urinary retention. Instrumental delivery is one of the known risk factors of urinary retention. The linear effect of the total length of labor was also measured, and the results revealed that every one-minute increase in the total length of labor increases the odds of covert urinary retention by 1.008 times (P < 0.001).

The findings of the study showed that various factors are involved in the incidence of urinary retention. More precisely, instrumental delivery, birth weight, gestational age, and other factors can each be a risk factor for urinary retention.

Fear of childbirth may be associated with increased anxiety, cesarean section, and delayed delivery. The study aimed to screen for fear of childbirth and the factors affecting it in pregnant women from 2019 to 2020 in Babol, Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, a total of 600 pregnant women with gestation age > 20 weeks referred to antenatal care clinics of Ayatollah Rouhani, Shahid Yahya Nejad Hospital, four health centers, and three private offices of obstetricians in Babol, Iran from 2019 to 2020 were surveyed using the Wijma Fear of Childbirth Questionnaire. Considering the cut-off point of 85, women with severe fear of childbirth were identified.

The fear of childbirth prevalence in pregnant women in this study was 29.2% (175/600). Fear of childbirth in women with postgraduate education was 3.27 times higher than in women with undergraduate education (P < 0.001). Pregnancy fears were 0.42 times higher in pregnant women with self-employed spouses than in employee spouses (P < 0.001). Also, women with a history of infertility were 2.73 times more likely to fear childbirth than women without a history of infertility (P = 0.01). Women with a history of psychiatric disorders were 6.86 times more afraid of childbirth than women without a history of psychiatric disorders (P = 0.02).

Due to the high prevalence of fear of childbirth in pregnant women in Babol, Iran, the need for particular psychological interventions to reduce the fear of childbirth and identify risk factors is suggested.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is also defined as a metabolic disease associated with relative insulin resistance during pregnancy, and elevated circulating insulin may increase the risk of EH and EC development. This study aimed to investigate the association between GDM and the incidence of EH and EC.

We conducted a retrospective case-control study, including 300 women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) referred to Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital in Babol. Cases (n=152) were patients with HC and EC based on medical records, and the controls (n=148) were individuals without HC and EC. The groups were compared according to demographic information, GDM or diabetes mellitus (DM) history, and body mass index (BMI). The Chi-square, independent t-test, and logistic regression analyses were performed to compare groups.

Of 300 women studied, 72 people (24.1%) had a GDM history, and 64 people had a diabetes mellitus history. There was a significant difference between the incidence of EC and EH with GDM (P=0.001). Both GDM and DM were associated with the increased EC (OR: 17.98, 95% CI: 6.73-48.08, and OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.26-2.68, respectively). GDM was also associated with the increased risk of EH (OR: 6.68, 95% CI: 2.77-16.10), whereas diabetes mellitus had not a significant role in the increased risk of EH (P=0.14).

This study indicated that a GDM history is significantly associated with HC and EC. Therefore, to prevent and control these two complications in the future, management and monitoring of diabetes during pregnancy should be considered.

Placenta accreta is one of the known causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. If diagnosed before delivery, appropriate actions can be taken. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of scaling combination of risk factors in predicting placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).

In this cross-sectional study, 120 pregnant women with two criteria and more of placenta previa in their ultrasound, underwent MRI. Clinical scores (history of surgery, cesarean section, previa, etc.) and paraclinical scores (ultrasound and MRI) were recorded and combined. In cases of hysterectomy, pathological examination was performed. The results were compared and analyzed using SPSS Version 22. The significance level was less than 0.05.

Of the120 studied patients, 90 (75%) women were diagnosed with placenta previa in which, 32(36%) patients had placenta accreta and 12 patients had placenta accreta without placenta previa. The mean ultrasound score in women without and with placenta accreta were 0.05±0.32 and 2.43±1.83 (p<0.001). The mean MRI score in women without and with placenta accreta were 0.05±0.27 and 2.07±2.02, respectively. The cut-off point, sensitivity and specificity were 0.50, 100% and 93.4%, respectively. The mean clinical score without and with placenta accreta were 1.97±1.32 and 4.89±3.21, respectively. The cut-off point, sensitivity and specificity were 2.50, 70% and 80%, respectively. The cut-off point of combination score, sensitivity and specificity were 3.50, 89%, 83%.

The results of the present study showed that the most specific test to confirm the definitive diagnosis of placenta accreta is paraclinical score, alone.

The present study was performed to compare the analgesic effects of bupivacaine and magnesium sulfate combination on post-cesarean (C) section pain.

The present single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 160 C-section candidates. The participants were randomly divided into four groups. When the fascia healed, the first group received 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine and the second group received 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine combined with subcutaneous adrenaline. In addition, both groups received 50 mL of intravenous normal saline. Further, the third group received subcutaneous bupivacaine and 50 mg/kg of magnesium sulfate and the fourth group received subcutaneous and intravenous normal saline as a placebo. The pain intensity was assessed 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after spinal anesthesia using the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. The dose of pethidine (as a standard analgesic) and hemodynamic parameters (i.e., heart rate [HR] and blood pressure [BP]) was recorded as well. The obtained data were then analyzed utilizing ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD, and repeated measures ANOVA tests.

The intensity of pain and the dose of pethidine decreased significantly in the combination of bupivacaine with magnesium compared to the other groups at all times (P < 0.001). However, diastolic BP significantly increased in the bupivacaine + adrenaline group in comparison with the other groups (P = 0.02).

Overall, bupivacaine combination with magnesium sulfate is suitable for controlling post-cesarean section pain.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of thermal balloon ablation in women with high anesthetic and surgical risk compared to invulnerable women according to the American Society of Anesthesia (ASA) physical status stratification.

This report was based on a retrospective cohort study of women with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) who were eligible for treatment with CavatermTM plus during 2012-2017. Women were classified as high-risk (HR) or low-risk (LR) cohorts based on ASA physical status stratification. The primary outcome includes amenorrhea in the twelfth months after the treatment. Risk adjustments were performed using regression models.

This research study consisted of 63 women with mean age 44.42±5.48. Mean of body mass index (BMI) in the HR cohort was higher than the LR cohort (31.48±6.22 vs 26.83± 3.51, P=0.005) and results were also similar considering the uterine length (mm) between HR and LR women (58.27±35.70 vs 30.92± 35.30, P=0.01). The primary outcome of treatment after a one-year follow-up in the two groups (HR and LR) was 31 (93.9%) and 15 (78.9%), respectively. After adjusting for known confounders including age, uterine length, parity, dysmenorrheal, the adjusted odds ratio was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.14– 2.5; P= 0.60).

For women with high anesthetic and surgical risks derived from serious underlying co morbidities, endometrial ablation can provide a minimally invasive, safe, and effective therapy for heavy menstrual bleeding.

The main goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between the maternal gestational diabetes and body mass index (BMI) of three-year-old children.

We conducted a descriptive analysis of 100 diabetic pregnant women and 200 healthy pregnant women and their children who were referred to the maternity wards of the teaching hospital of Babol. The measurement of the height and weight of 3-year-old children were done in the clinic.

The average age of mothers participating in this study was 23.73±3.03 years. The BMI and the birth weight of infants within the normal weight range in the diabetic group were significantly more than those of non-diabetic children (16.47 ± 1.42 kg/m2 , 16.09±1.3 kg/m2 , P= 0.04, 330.33±214.12 g, 3130.65±242.75 g, P=0.001, respectively). The BMI of the male children of the diabetic group was significantly more than that of the control group at the age of three years although this difference was not significant in girls (16.55±1.40 kg/m2 ,16.01±1.42 kg/m2 , P=0.03 and 16.36±1.47 kg/m2 , 16.19±1.31 kg/m2 , P=0.53 for boys and girls, respectively).

The findings of the current study showed that the children of mothers with gestational diabetes have a higher BMI compared to their peers although its relationship to gestational diabetes was not significant. However, these findings were significant for boys after gender segregation while not being significant for the girls. Finally, BMI at three years of age had no significant relation with gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as one of the three main types of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is established that GDM is associated with exceeding nutrient losses owing to glycosuria. Magnesium (Mg), as one of the essential micronutrients for fetus development, acts as the main cofactor in most enzymatic processes. The aim of this study was to measure serum and cellular levels of Mg, albumin, creatinine, and total protein to further clarify the relationship between these components and DM in pregnant women. Blood samples were obtained from 387 pregnant women. The participants were classified into four groups based on their type of diabetes, namely GDM (n=96), DM (n=44), at high-risk of DM (n=122), and healthy controls (n=125). All participants' fasting blood sugar (FBS), creatinine, albumin, Mg, and total protein in the serum levels and red blood cell Mg (RBC-Mg) were measured during 24-28 weeks of gestation. Groups were compared for a possible association between DM and abortion, gravidity, and parity. The serum levels of creatinine, FBS, albumin, Mg, and RBC-Mg were statistically different among the four groups (P = 0.001). Significant lower levels of RBC-Mg was observed in all studied groups in comparison with controls. Given a positive correlation between DM and abortion, it seems that decreased levels of RBC-Mg and serum albumin can increase the risk of abortion in pregnant women. Our data demonstrated significant alterations in albumin, Mg, and creatinine concentrations in women with DM or those at high risk of DM during their gestational age. It seems that the measurement of these biochemical parameters might be helpful for preventing the complications, and improving pregnancies outcomes complicated with DM.

Distinguishing between malignant and benign ovarian masses is necessary to refer patients to centers with experience in the surgical. The aim of this study was to analyze the diagnostic value of the tumor markers, including risk of malignancy index (RMI), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cancer antigen125 (CA125), and risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) in ovarian mass. One hundred patients with ovarian masses were assessed for the tumor markers ROMA, HE4, RMI, and CA125. The sensitivity and specificity of each parameter were calculated, using receiver-operating characteristic curves (ROCs) according to the area under the curve (AUC) for each method. The median CA125, HE4, RMI, and ROMA serum levels had significant difference between malignant and benign masses in the overall assessment (P < 0.001). The AUCs were 0.83 (CA125), 0.88 (HE4), 0.85 (RMI), and 0.92 (ROMA) for benign vs. malignant masses in all the patients. The comparison of ROC curves was carried out, using a pairwise comparison method, and no differences were found among 4 methods. The results based on the AUC markers of CA125, HE4, RMI, and ROMA revealed that the accuracy trend of ROMA was higher than that of CA125, HE4, and RMI in all the patients and each group of pre- and post-menopausal patients.

  Vitamin D is important for the muscular tone and bone metabolism. Due to the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iranian women, this study aimed to investigate the difference in vitamin D levels between patients with and without pelvic floor disorder (PFD) to assess the possible effect of vitamin D on PFD. The present case-control study examined 209 women referring to Ayatollah Rouhani hospital of Babol in 2017. Patients were explored for prolapse and those with at least one disorder or without PFD were categorized as the case (n = 104) or control (n = 105) groups, respectively. Then, the serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D was compared between the groups. The mean age and abdominal circumference of the patients were significantly higher in the case group (P < 0.001 & P = 0.046, respectively) as compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the total mean ± SD serum level of vitamin D was 20.03±17.88 ng/mL and significantly higher in the case group (24.58 ± 20.75 ng/mL) than that of the control group (15.53±13.11 ng/mL), especially in patients with stress and urgency urinary incontinence (SIU/UIU) (both with a significance level of P < 0.001). As a result of PFD, the group with UI, especially the one with SIU or UIU had the highest vitamin D level compared to the control and other groups. Nonetheless, the mean age and educational level were significantly higher and lower in this group, respectively. These results could be due to the multifactorial nature of vitamin D level, that is, it varies based on nutrition, place of residence, and other factors.

Medical management of miscarriage in the first trimester is performed with multiple-medication regimens. We aimed to compare the efficacy and complications of combined regimen of letrozole and misoprostol with misoprostol alone for first trimester medical abortion.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Babol University of Medical Sciences for medical abortion at gestational age less than 12 weeks. All pregnant women in the first trimester with indications for abortion between 2014 and 2015 and treated by the combined regimen of letrozole and misoprostol or misoprostol alone were included in this study. The successful complete abortion, the frequency need for curettage, the induction-abortion interval, drug complications, hemoglobin, and hematocrit ratio were all retrieved from the patients’ documents.

During the study period, 110 pregnant women were admitted to our hospital for medical abortion at the first trimester and were considered for medical management. Of these, 40 women received letrozole 7.5 mg for two days, followed by misoprostol 800 mcg vaginally. Seventy women received only misoprostol 800 mcg vaginally. Follow-up for abortion was usually done 24 hours after the medical management. The successful complete abortion rate in the combined regimen of letrozole and misoprostol was more than that of the misoprostol alone group (75.0% vs. 31.4%; P= 0.001). The frequency need for curettage (P=0.001) and the mean induction-abortion interval (P= 0.021) were lower in combined regimen of letrozole than misoprostol alone group. The drug complications, hemoglobin ratio and hematocrit ratio were similar between the groups.

Our study suggested that letrozole enhances the misoprostol effect in the first trimester of pregnancy termination and decreases some of its complications.

Using oral glucose for glucose challenge test (GCT) and glucose tolerance test (GTT) is problematic, especially in early pregnancy when the pregnant woman is experiencing gastrointestinal complications. This research seeks to investigate the relationship between the ratio of Triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the risk of gestational diabetes and large for gestational age (LGA) fetus for suggesting a more appropriate index for diagnosis of gestational diabetes. The present cross-sectional study investigated pregnant women visiting the Perinatal Clinic of Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital in Babol for prenatal care from September 2015-2016. The GCT was performed on these pregnant women at 24-28 weeks as a screening test and their lipid profile, including HDL-C and TG, was simultaneously assessed after eight to 14 hours of fasting. Significant differences were observed between women with and without gestational diabetes in terms of mean triglyceride, HDL, LDL/HDL ratio, triglyceride/LDL ratio and triglyceride/HDL ratio. The cut-off point of TG/HDL in the GTT was 4.254 with a sensitivity of 79.07% and specificity of 78%. According to the results obtained, lipid profile can help predict the risk of gestational diabetes, especially TG/HDL ratio that has a high sensitivity to diagnose gestational diabetes, while, lipid indices could not predict birth of a LGA neonate.

Given the prevalence of abnormal post-menopausal bleeding and the importance of its early examination for ensuring the timely diagnosis of any malignancies, the present study was conducted to investigate uterine pathologies in relation to post-menopausal bleeding patterns and endometrial thickness as observed in transvaginal ultrasounds and to offer models for predicting endometrial cancer.
The present descriptive-analytical cross sectional study was conducted on 112 post-menopausal women presenting to Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital in Babol, Iran. The patients underwent a transvaginal ultrasound and hysteroscopy and their samples were sent for pathological examination. The logistic regression model and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used. This study presents 3 models for predicting endometrial cancer, including AM30 [which considers the subject’s amount of bleeding, Menopause age and BMI (Body Mass Index) for assessing her risk of endometrial cancer], AMD30 (which additionally considers the subject’s history of diabetes) and AMDI30 (which additionally considers the subject’s history of internal diseases).
Menopause age, amount of bleeding, BMI, and history of internal diseases were significantly linked to endometrial cancer in post-menopausal women with abnormal bleeding; that is, the variables were higher in this group than in those without cancer (P = 0.007, P = 0.004, P = 0.001, and P = 0.02). The three models defined, i.e. AM30, AMD30, and AMI30 had a high area under the ROC curve and could predict endometrial cancer with a proper sensitivity and specificity in post-menopausal women with vaginal bleeding. There were no statistically significant differences among these models, although the AMI30 model had a higher area under the ROC curve compared to the other two models (P = 0.29).
The present study recommends these three predictive models as alternatives for predicting endometrial cancer in post-menopausal women with vaginal bleeding.

Clomiphene citrate is very successful in inducing ovulation; there is usually a discrepancy between ovulation and pregnancy rate. If treatment is started early in the cycle this negative effect is reduced. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the time of administration of clomiphene citrate on follicular growth, endometrial thickness and ovulation and pregnancy rates in PCOS (Polycystic ovary syndrome) patients.
This randomized controlled trial study was performed on 115 PCOS (Polycystic ovary syndrome) women in Fateme Zahra Fertility and Infertility Research Health Center in April 2012. Patients randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the early group (No. 55) received 100 milligrams of clomiphene citrate tablet daily starting the next day after finishing medroxyprogesterone acetate tablet for 5 day, whereas the patient in the late group (No. 60) received 100 milligrams of clomiphene citrate tablet daily for 5 day starting on day 3 of the menstrual cycle. Then on follicular growth, endometrial thickness and ovulation and pregnancy rates by SPSS software, version 16 (Armonk, NY, USA) were compared in two groups.
36.4% of patients of early administration of clomiphene and 60% of patients in the later administration of Clomiphene were able to build dominant follicle. This difference was statistically significant (P According to the results of this study, if the dominant follicle was made, with administration of clomiphene citrate in luteal phase the incidence of successful pregnancy is higher.

Endometrial cancer is the most common type of malignancy in female reproductive system and is the fourth common cancer after breast, lungs and colorectal cancers. Our aim is to report epidemiology and frequency types of endometrial cancer and clinical staging and grading of this disease.
In this description and Cross-Sectional study, 75 patients with diagnosed endometrial cancer, being admitted to surgical ward of Rouhani Hospital or Shahid rajaii Hospital in Iran were enrolled to study. Demographic specification of patient, staging and grading and other variables related with endometrial cancer were collected and data was processed by SPSS version 18 software.
Disease of diabetes, hypertension and obesity had a frequency of 36%, 26.7% and 85.3% in orderly. The mean of abortion was 0.47, mean of delivery was 3.71, mean age of menarche was 13.73 and most frequent age of first delivery belonged to the range of 19-24 year old (47ones, 62.7%). A high percentage of patients had been menopause under 39 years of age (25 ones, 33.3%). 3 patients (4%) had a history of breast cancer and usage of Tamoxifen. Only 6 cases (8%) had a history of irregularities menstruation. 58 of patients were in stage1 and 17 were other stages. 77.2% of patients have endometrioid and 13 patients were suffered by sarcoma.
Most patients with endometrial cancer had endometrioid. Times of delivery and abortion, lower age of menarche and age of menopause and at the first delivery have been appeared to be associated with endometrial cancer.

Intrauterine fetal death is not only a tragedy for the families, but is also one of the most important complications of pregnancy. Important factors, such as mother, placenta and fetus, can lead to stillbirth. The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of and factors associated with stillbirth in Babol, north of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, all women with a diagnosis of intrauterine fetal death who referred to Shahid Yahyanejad hospital during a period of one year; were included. After reviewing the medical records of patients, information of mothers, placenta and fetus were recorded in prepared forms. SPSS 18 statistical software was used to compare variables. In total, 6979 births were performed, of which 68 cases were reported as intrauterine fetal death. In this study, the rate of intrauterine fetal death was 9.7 per 1,000 live births, more frequently seen in 20-34 years old mothers. Abnormal labor, fetal meconium and fetal abnormality were among the causes of stillbirth. Identification of the predictive causes and factors of intrauterine fetal death are difficult. However, with proper care and effective counseling, screening and early detection of problems for mother and fetus of pregnant women with a history of intrauterine fetal death, and also with accurate assessment of similar problems during pregnancy; can reduce the incidence of fetal death.

Obtaining clinical methods in order to decrease the infectious morbidity of cesarean delivery is very important. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of preoperative vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution on post-caesarean infections.
This study was conducted on 400 singleton term pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery. The samples were randomized into two groups; experimental group, including women who received an additional preoperative vaginal cleansing with 10% povidone iodine; and a control group, including women who received only the standard abdominal preparation. All subjects received a single dose of prophylactic antibiotic and were investigated after cesarean delivery until the 6th postoperative weeks for postoperative fever, wound infection, or endometritis. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and the P value The groups were similar in age, education level, body mass index, and parity. The operation variables such as the postoperative fever, wound infection, and endometritis were observed in the two groups, and the overall for these were found to be 6.0 %, 6.3%, and 6.5%, respectively. A total of 7.5% of the participants in the control group and 5.5% of the participants in the experimental group developed postoperative endometritis; but it was not statistically significant (relative risk= 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.61 –1.21; P=0.417). Also, there was no significant difference in postoperative fever, wound infection between these women with and without preoperative vaginal cleansing with povidone.
The findings of the present study indicated that vaginal cleansing with povidone iodine immediately prior to elective cesarean delivery did not decrease the post-caesarean infection rates and the incidence of endometritis in low-risk women.

Despite the fact that many studies have been published about the risk factors associated with gestational diabetes mellitus, its prevalence remains high. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the history of irregular menses and gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women.
This case-control study was conducted on 51 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus in prenatal clinics of Ayatollah Rouhani hospital in Babol, Mazandaran, from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015. At first, women with family history of diabetes mellitus, pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus, previous gestational diabetes mellitus, age >35 years, weight >110 kg were excluded from the study. Then, one random control was systematically selected for each case, which was matched for age. All statistical analyses were performed through SPSS (Version 22). P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Irregular menses was not associated with gestational diabetes. The mean menarche at age was lower among the women with gestational diabetes (p=0.03). There was a significant association between menarche at age and gestational diabetes (OR, 6.74; 95% CI, 1.41-32.17). Dysmenorrhea did not differ between subjects with and without menstrual irregularities.
We concluded that early menarche at age (

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most common gynecological problems that many factors are involved in its creation. Two common methods used to diagnose uterine lesions are vaginal ultraultrasonography and hysteroscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of transvaginal ultraultrasonography and hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of intrauterine lesions leading to the AUB.
A cross-sectional study was performed on 203 premenopausal post-menopausal women with complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding. A transvaginal ultraultrasonography was performed from the eligible subjects. In the second visit, a hysteroscopy was done and during the hysteroscopy procedure an endometrial biopsy was obtained from all the women. Pathology was considered as the gold standard and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated for both methods using the Cat maker software.
The mean age of 203 patients who precipitated in this study was 43.1±2.7. Leiomyoma was the most common leading cause of abnormal uterine bleeding (36%). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ultraultrasonography in the diagnosis of intrauterine lesions were 74.2%, 49.75%, 71.9% 54.3%, respectively and for hysteroscopy were 91.67%, 86%, 85.9% and 88.7, respectively.
Hysteroscopy results were more consistent with the results of pathology and it was more accurate than transvaginal ultraultrasonography in the diagnosis of intrauterine lesions leading to the AUB.

Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of cancer death from gynecological tumors in Iran. Despite the fact that intra-operative frozen section, which is widely used in diagnosis of ovarian tumors, there are problems associated with the diagnostic procedure in this setting. The aim of this study was to compare the intra-operative frozen section with the permanent histo-pathological sections in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer at Rouhani Hospital in north of Iran.
The intra-operative frozen section diagnosis was conducted on 126 women with ovarian masses, who underwent surgery between January 2006 and July 2011. The results of the intra-operative frozen section were compared with those of the past histopathological diagnoses of permanent sections as the gold standard.
The overall accuracy of intra-operative frozen section diagnosis was 94.4%. There were 0.9% cases with false-positive as well as 1.8% cases with false-negative. The sensitivity and specificity values were 66.7% and 100% for malignant tumors, 80.0% and 95.9 % for borderline tumors, and 99.1% and 90.0% for benign tumors, respectively. All inaccurate diagnoses were for the epithelial tumors.
The intra-operative frozen section diagnosis is a reliable method for the surgical management of the patients with an ovarian mass. Diagnostic problems can occur during the intra-operative frozen section examination. The clinicians and pathologists must be aware of the pitfalls of this method therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a good communication among them in order to obtain more accurate results.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and includes approximately 23% of all kinds of cancer. The main reason for evaluation of quality of life (QOL) is to access informations which result in improvement of treatment and health status of patients. The main purpose of this study was to determine menopause symptoms and QOLin postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. Eighty postmenopausal women with history of breast cancer and aged between 45-65 years who were referred to Shahid Rajayie and Ayatollah Rouhani health care centers, Babol University of medical sciences, for menopausal symptoms, filled an informed consent, a checklist including menopause symptoms and the European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30) questionnaire. Based on scoring criteria, each of the scale scores in the mentioned questionnaires was determined using SPSS 18 software. In this study, hot flashes and anxiety were the most prevalent symptoms in women with breast cancer. QOL in 36.3% of patients was evaluated as good. 6.3% of patients had physical dysfunction, 2.5% had role dysfunction, 16.3% had excitement dysfunction, 2.5 % had cognitive dysfunction and 3.8% had social dysfunction. The worst condition was related to the economic impact of the disease with 25% of patients suffering from this condition.The QOL of patients with a history of breast cancer was better in comparison to other studied societies with a similar culture.